食用菌的营养组成及保健功效

食用菌是低脂及高蛋白食品,具有丰富的营养价值。近年来体外实验、动物实验及人体实验均广泛证实食用菌具有多种生理活性,是人体健康的好帮手。本文综述食用菌的营养组成,及其于降血糖、降血压、降胆固醇、保肝、提升免疫、改善便秘及对抗老年痴呆症等方面的最新研究概况。     

中药复方对家兔温病热入营血模型保护作用实验研究

目的：前期对中医温病学中使用频率较高的91味中药及复方进行体外抗内毒素试验研究,筛选到以丹皮、贯众等为主的高效体外抗内毒素作用中药复方3帖,并进行了体内抗内毒素实验研究,筛选到以丹皮、贯众等为主的高效体内抗内毒素作用中药复方。方法：本实验进一步研究筛选出的2个复方对家兔内毒素攻毒热入营血分的保护作用。结果：以丹皮、贯众等为主的方二对内毒素热入营血分证具有极强的保护作用。结论：通过试验研究,以丹皮、贯众等为主,具清热解毒、活血散瘀、凉血止血功能的复方中药对内毒素热入营血分证有明显的保护作用,有望为猪高热综合征的预防和治疗提供新的途经。     

高致病性猪蓝耳病活疫苗（JXA1-R株）安全性与免疫效力试验

通过对高致病性猪蓝耳病活疫苗（JXA1-R株）的安全性试验,表明该苗在高倍剂量免疫下,仅个别猪只出现发烧、食欲减退、腹泻等症状,免疫副反应较小,临床使用较安全;免疫效力试验表明该苗抗体产生较快,抗体转阳率较高,免疫效果较好。     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒5'非编码区前导转录调控序列及其侧翼序列的结构与功能解析

为解析猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)5'非翻译区(5'UTR)的高级结构与功能,以北美株PRRSV感染性克隆为平台,通过定点突变PCR技术将其5'UTR中一特殊高级调控元件的一级序列进行突变,以改变其二级茎环结构,从而解析该结构的基因调控水平。将突变DNA克隆转染入BHK-21细胞后利用免疫荧光及RT-PCR试验来研究拯救后突变病毒的转录、翻译特性,及通过空斑形态学及病毒生长曲线分析突变病毒的生长特性。结果表明,PRRSV 5'UTR中该高级调控元件的顶端环结构为病毒复制所必需,其只可耐受2个核苷酸的突变;同时发现该调控元件中一保守的茎结构为病毒复制非必需。由此证实了PRRSV 5'UTR中调控病毒复制过程的必需高级结构,为进一步解析PRRSV复制调控元件奠定基础。     

脾虚大鼠胰岛胰多肽免疫阳性物质分布变化

脾虚证的临床表现以消化系统功能障碍为主,其中胰腺外分泌功能减退明显,且伴有食欲与体质量的显著下降.胰多肽(PP)是胰岛周边F细胞分泌的主要胃肠激素,对胰腺外分泌功能与食欲的调节有抑制作用,可导致氧化代谢增强,引起体质量下降.本试验旨在揭示大鼠胰岛胰多肽分泌变化与脾虚证发病之间的关系.笔者以利血平脾虚大鼠模型为研究对象,采用SP染色进行免疫组织化学研究,观察大鼠胰岛中胰多肽免疫阳性物质的分布情况.脾虚组与对照组的大鼠胰岛中胰多肽免疫阳性物质面积与胰岛面积百分比相比,胰头部分未见明显差异(P＞0.05);但脾虚组胰中、胰尾的PP免疫阳性物质所占面积极显著大于对照组(P＜0.01).结果表明,脾虚证大鼠胰岛中胰多肽总分泌量极显著增加.因此,胰多肽的分泌增加是导致脾虚证动物出现胰腺外分泌功能低下、食欲减退以及体质量下降的主要因素.     

高致病性猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒感染仔猪外周血细胞的动态变化

目的是通过检测HP-PRRS仔猪外周血细胞数量,探讨HP-PRRSV致病机制。方法是以HuN4株感染60日龄长白仔猪,应用分子生物学技术、全自动血液分析仪,对感染PRRSV仔猪外周血病毒载量、血细胞数量进行检测。结果显示PRRSV感染仔猪外周血病毒载量超过103copies/mL,WBC显著下降(P<0.05),RBC、HGB、HCT表现出周期性减少和增多(P<0.05),PLT显著下降(P<0.05);相关性分析表明,PRRSV载量对数值与WBC、PLT呈现中度负相关(0.40相似文献   

Systemic and mucosal immunity induced by attenuated Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium expressing ORF7 of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus

Oral administration of attenuated Salmonella vaccine may provide valuable advantages such as low cost, easy preparation, and safety. Attenuated Salmonella vaccines also serve as carriers of foreign antigens and immunomodulatory cytokines. Presently, an attenuated Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium strain was used as a carrier for open reading frame 7 (ORF7) protein of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), a swine pathogen of significant global economic importance. Initially, an attenuated S. enterica serovar Typhimurium expressing ORF7 gene derived from PRRSV Korean isolate was constructed. Following oral administration of a single dose of the attenuated Salmonella vaccine expressing PRRSV ORF7, humoral and cell-mediated immune responses specific for ORF7 were induced at both systemic and mucosal sites including spleen, mesenteric lymph node, Peyer's patch, and laminar propria, as evaluated by determining serum ORF7-specific IgG and mucosal IgA responses, as well as Th1- and Th2-type cytokine production from antigen-stimulated T cells. The induced humoral responses were sustained for at least 12 weeks post-immunization. In particular, the immunized mice displayed immune responses to both the foreign ORF7 antigen and Salmonella itself. The results indicate the value of attenuated S. enterica serovar Typhimurium as an oral carrier of PRRSV antigenic proteins to induce effective systemic and mucosal immunity.     

2010年黑龙江猪高热病流行病学调查

2010年黑龙江省多个地区暴发猪“高热病”,为明确其病因及流行特征,对来自大庆市、齐齐哈尔市、佳木斯市,绥化市等地区送检的43例病例(70头病死猪),应用病原学、血清学和PCR方法进行诊断,对确诊的病例进行流行病学回顾性研究.结果表明,小养殖户或小型猪场发病率较高,发病高峰期集中在9～12月份,发病日龄集中在1～3月龄仔猪(54.16％);病死猪以败血症为主,43例病例中猪链球菌病23例( 53.49％),猪瘟8例(18.60％),副猪嗜血杆菌病8例(18.60％),猪繁殖与呼吸综合征6例(13.95％),圆环病毒病4例(9.30％),混合感染发病率高达58.13％.以上结果表明,猪“高热病”病因复杂多样,防制工作任重而道远.     

Use of the harmonic scalpel for soft palate resection in dogs: a series of three cases

Soft palate resection is performed to resect a redundant or diseased soft palate, often associated with brachycephalic airway obstructive syndrome (BAOS). Resection has been associated with numerous complications, including coughing, bleeding, pharyngeal oedema, respiratory obstruction and death. Traditionally, the surgery is performed by sharp dissection and suturing, but other reported techniques include the use of an electrothermal sealing device or a laser. Operative time for sharp dissection is approximately 12 min, but is shortened to around 5 min when using a laser, as the haemostatic properties of the instrument negates the need for post-resection oversewing. The successful use of a harmonic scalpel to resect redundant soft palates in three dogs is described. The resected soft palates were not oversewn and the surgical time was comparable with that for laser surgery. The first dog had a minor bleed 6 h postoperatively, possibly associated with suboptimal placement of the harmonic scalpel cutting jaws. The following two patients had no postoperative complications. The harmonic scalpel laparoscopic handpiece allowed excellent visualisation of the surgical field and rapid performance of the procedure. All three patients had markedly improved postoperative respiratory function. Cleaning and resterilisation permitted multiple reuse of the handpiece, making it cost-competitive with other surgical techniques.