西瓜蔓枯病研究 Ⅰ.症状及病原

本文详细报道了西瓜蔓枯病的症状和病原菌的形态特点,并鉴定其有性阶段为Mycosphaerellamelonis(Pass)Chiu et Walker,无性阶段为Ascochyta-cucumis Fautr et Roum.此外,还在其他瓜类作物上作了病原菌的致病性试验.     

香鱼人工育苗技术

根据作者多年来香鱼人工育苗的实践经验，总结了香鱼人工繁殖和苗种培育中关键性的技术。     

影响精液冷冻和人工授精效果的因素

通过对精液冷冻保存的细胞反应原理的阐述 ,指出冷冻保护剂甘油对精液保存具有利弊效应 ,提出精子膜脂组成的差异使得不同品种的精子对冷冻损伤的易感性不同。雌性生殖道解剖结构的品种差异 ,精子形态 ,精子运行机制的细微差异 ,人工授精时间及精子的运行能力 ,采精方式等因素对精液冷冻保存和人工授精的成功有决定性作用。研究精子质膜的生物学特性可解决低活力精子的问题 ,然而这并不能解决冷冻后精子质量的个体差异。对精细胞基因组的研究可以找出这些个体的遗传差异。因此 ,冷冻精子和精原细胞 (用于细胞外注射 )的差异已经成为完整基因组问题。     

新建县沙生植被的保护与开发利用

以农业生产为支柱产业的新建县地处鄱阳湖流域，区域内沙生植被较脆弱。随着经济与人口的快速增长及农、林、旅游业的大发展，如何保护县域内沙生植被、更好的开发和利用这种资源十分重要。在分析新建县沙生植被现状及影响其生长的主要因素的基础上，就该地区内沙生植被的保护和开发利用提出建议。     

高等级公路植被护坡工程技术发展初探

依据恢复生态学原理,在探讨植被护坡技术现状的基础上,对高等级公路植被护坡工程技术中的生物治理和工程治理进行分析,提出了植被护坡工程设计原则、技术发展趋势和建议.     

Rural depopulation and recent landscape changes in a Mediterranean region: Consequences to the breeding avifauna

We studied the vegetational and avifaunistic changes following rural depopulation in an area covering 2,600 ha north of Montpellier (Southern France). The study area is covered by a mosaic of Mediterranean habitats that includes cultivation, grasslands, shrublands, and woodlands and is representative of the natural features present and of the human usage practiced so far in this part of the Mediterranean. We sampled the vegetation and the bird fauna in the same 193 census plots in 1978 and in 1992. At both the habitat and landscape scales the cover of woody plants increased significantly. Open habitats tend to disappear. As a consequence the abundance of open-habitat bird species decreased significantly whereas the abundance of forest birds increased significantly. These changes favor a pool of forest species widespread in western Europe and reduce habitat availability for open habitat and shrubland species. Many of the latter are Mediterranean species whose distribution in Western Europe could become reduced under current landscape dynamics. Our observation of more woodlands and their typical birds and of less open habitats and their associated avifauna is not consistent with the traditional worry shown by the public and the managers about the regression of forests and woodlands in the Northern Mediterranean as a consequence of fire.     

An investigation of uncertainty in field habitat mapping and the implications for detecting land cover change

Land cover data for landscape ecological studies are frequently obtained by field survey. In the United Kingdom, temporally separated field surveys have been used to identify the locations and magnitudes of recent changes in land cover. However, such map data contain errors which may seriously hinder the identification of land cover change and the extent and locations of rare landscape features. This paper investigates the extent of the differences between two sets of maps derived from field surveys within the Northumberland National Park in 1991 and 1992. The method used in each survey was the Phase 1 approach of the Nature Conservancy Council of Great Britain. Differences between maps were greatest for the land cover types with the smallest areas. Overall spatial correspondence between maps was found to be only 44.4%. A maximum of 14.4% of the total area surveyed was found to have undergone genuine land cover change. The remaining discrepancies, equivalent to 41.2% of the total survey area, were attributed primarily to differences of land cover interpretation between surveyors (classification error). Differences in boundary locations (positional error) were also noted, but were found to be a relatively minor source of error. The implications for the detection of land cover change and habitat mapping are discussed.     

论西部大开发中张掖市生态环境建设问题

张掖市长期受干旱、大风及沙尘暴影响,生态环境极为恶劣,制约着西部大开发建设进程。其存在的重要问题是:水资源匮乏,植被破坏严重,覆盖率低等;针对具体情况提出:改善水资源条件和恢复植被是张掖地区生态环境建设的重点。     

菌根与植被恢复

菌根不仅可促进植物的营养吸收、生长发育、抗病、抗逆,而且在保持良好的土壤结构、控制水土流失方面具有直接的作用。在我国西北许多地区,菌根菌与植物间的共生关系已被中断,要恢复该地区的植被,治本的方法应是重建植物与菌根菌的共生关系,形成健康的生态系统。文中还提出了菌根技术在植被恢复中的应用策略。     

Predicting the spatial distribution of ground flora on large domains using a hierarchical Bayesian model

Accomodation of important sources of uncertainty in ecological models is essential to realistically predicting ecological processes. The purpose of this project is to develop a robust methodology for modeling natural processes on a landscape while accounting for the variability in a process by utilizing environmental and spatial random effects. A hierarchical Bayesian framework has allowed the simultaneous integration of these effects. This framework naturally assumes variables to be random and the posterior distribution of the model provides probabilistic information about the process. Two species in the genus Desmodium were used as examples to illustrate the utility of the model in Southeast Missouri, USA. In addition, two validation techniques were applied to evaluate the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the predictions.This revised version was published online in May 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.