利用人工增雨为农田需水服务的信息系统框架

针对我国北方地区水资源严重短缺、农田水分供需矛盾日益尖锐的现状 ,提出了首选人工增雨为农田补水的思路 ,并初步设计了一个利用人工增雨为农田需水服务的农田需水信息系统框架。     

安宁河流域黑麦草、白三叶的生长测定

在最冷的12月至2月对四川凉山州安宁河流域的黑麦草、白三叶进行生长测定,结果证实,在当地建高产人工草地可作当家品种,冬季无停止生长期,最低产量可在5000kg以上,放牧利用的停牧周期在一月以内为好,预计年刈割周期次数为6～8次。     

The Effect of Inoculation Treatment and Long-term Application of Moisture on Fusarium Head Blight Symptoms and Deoxynivalenol Contamination in Wheat Grains

Fusarium head blight (FHB) is an important disease of wheat, which can result in the contamination of grains with mycotoxins such as deoxynivalenol (DON). Artificial inoculation of flowering ears with conidial suspensions is widely used to study FHB diseases. Our goal was to compare four inoculation treatments in which a conidial suspension was sprayed on flowering ears and to study the effect of the application of moisture during kernel setting and filling with a mist-irrigation system. Ten wheat genotypes were inoculated with a DON-producing Fusarium culmorum strain. Inoculation treatments varied in time of application of the inoculum (morning or evening) and in the method of controlling humidity during inoculation (bagging or mist irrigation). A wet season was simulated with a mist-irrigation system, keeping the crop canopy wet for at least 26 days after flowering. The severity of FHB symptoms (area under disease progress curve (AUDPC)), yield loss and DON contamination in the grains were determined. AUDPC data obtained with the different inoculation treatments were highly correlated (r=0.85–0.95). Mist irrigation after inoculation resulted in a higher mean disease severity, but in a overall lower toxin contamination as compared to the non-irrigated treatments. Genotypic differences in DON accumulation were present: for one wheat line toxin contamination significantly increased when irrigated, while two genotypes accumulated significantly less toxin. The closest relationships (r=0.73–0.89) between the visual symptoms and the DON content were obtained under moderate mean infection pressure. This relation between visual symptoms and the DON content deteriorated at higher infection levels.     

生物牛黄中间体的抗病毒作用及对家兔血液流变学指标的影响

运用比较药理学方法研究了生物牛黄中间体与天然牛黄、人工牛黄在抗病毒及对家兔血液流变学指标影响方面的不同。结果显示，生物牛黄中间体以25、50、100mg／kg体质量及人工牛黄50mg／kg体质量灌胃给药的大鼠含药血清，灭活后，在10倍稀释的情况下，在鸡胚成纤维细胞上使新城疫Ⅰ系疫苗毒的TCID50升高1个滴度；生理盐水组、天然牛黄50mg／kg体质量组10倍稀释大鼠含药血清，灭活后，在鸡胚戍纤维细胞上使新城疫Ⅰ系疫苗毒的TCID50降低1.5个滴度。生物牛黄中间体以25、50、100mg／kg体质量灌胃给药，可明显降低高分子右旋糖酐所致“血瘀”家兔的血沉值、血沉方程K值和红细胞聚集指数；天然牛黄50mg／kg体质量组对血沉值和血沉方程K值具有显著降低作用；人工牛黄50mg／kg体质量组时血沉值具有显著降低作用。     

母牛一胎双犊技术的研究

选择9头母牛先行人工授精、7天后再移植冷冻胚胎以生产双犊。试验结果表明,母牛产双犊达44.44%(P<0.01)。提示:采用A(I人工授精)+ET(胚胎移植)是提高母牛双犊率的有效技术措施之一。     

一种基于硼氢化钠的新型储氢材料研究

硼氢化钠的水解产物是一种新的储氢材料，其良好的可逆储氢能力在5MPa氢气压力真空条件下3分钟后在室温下吸收氢150。根据报道，它已被证明，这两种改变的催化剂NaBH4水解和添加催化剂直接插入接口是两个非常有效进一步提高接口的储氢容量。对hpsb-y2o3脱氢TiO2分别掺杂均达到重量2.4%和重量4.6%。重要的是对hpsb-y2o3可逆的脱氢能力不下降后成功———超循环。相比之下，对hpsb-ceo2可逆脱氢高达到重量5.9%，在室温下5分钟后3MPa氢气压力150氢吸附。     

纳米材料在卷烟减害中的应用研究

按照纳米材料在卷烟中的不同添加方式,即添加至滤棒、烟丝和其他卷烟材料中,综述了近年来纳米材料在卷烟减害方面的应用,可知今后纳米材料在卷烟中的应用前景十分广阔。     

木耳菌糠袋栽滑菇配方研究

本试验采用不同比例的木耳菌糠替代部分木屑袋栽滑菇,以培养料（木屑89%、麦麸10%、石膏1%）为对照,探讨木耳菌糠栽培滑菇的可行性。结果表明,木耳菌糠添加量25%～45%时,可缩短发菌天数,其中菌糠添加量为45%时,满袋天数仅需52 d,并且长势较好;但菌糠添加量为55%～65%时,则延长了发菌天数,而且菌丝稀疏,长势也弱。对照（CK）与木耳菌糠添加量是25%～45%时,子实体生长良好,并且出菇整齐;菌糠添加量为55%～65%,则出菇不整齐。CK的生物学效率最高,但配方4（菌糠45%、木屑34%、麦麸10%、石膏1%）的生物学效率与CK差异不大,从成本和生态效益考虑,配方4栽培滑菇具有可行性,并已在广灵县进行推广。     

Nutrient cycling and biomass flows in a low-quality forest stand improvement system in the Lesser Khingan Range of China

The material flow and bulk internal flow analyses were used to establish a material accumulation and cycling model for a low-quality forest stand improvement system and a series of processes were considered. The model was applied in a one-hectare low-quality forest plot in the Lesser Khingan Range of China. Results showed that during 1997–2007, the stands absorbed 270.19 kg of N, 74.28 kg of P, and 124.39 kg of K from soils, 51.82 kg of N and 2.38 kg of P were directly absorbed by foliage, and 16.25 kg of K was released to soils by eluviation. Until 2007, the accumulated nutrients in the stands included 236.91 kg of N, 65.28 kg of P, and 108.55 kg of K. When horizontal strip clearcutting was applied in 2007, 50% accumulated nutrients in the stands were shifted due to harvesting operations, and 212.74 kg of N, 26.97 kg of P, and 98.88 kg of K were accumulated in soils, declining by 9.47% for N, 3.68% for P, and 17.60% for K, respectively, compared with year 1997. 94.61 t per hectare of biomass was generated, of which the biomass in stands accounted for 87.36%. The felled tree biomass was 36.89 t per hectare, of which 84.90% and 10.03% of biomass were utilized in terms of logs and other means, and the rest was left on site.     

粮食烘干塔换热器智能折边设备研发

结合螺旋板式换热器的应用领域及其板材折边生产现状,分析了其生产弊端。针对板材折边工艺要求,研发了粮食烘干塔换热器智能折边设备,并剖析其工作机理。根据典型产品结构参数,设计智能折边装备总体装配图并计算主要零件参数,为智能折边装备制作提供理论依据,从而实现换热器板材折边智能加工,提高换热器卷板折边质量及精度。