厚层基材喷播技术在北方半干旱区岩石边坡植被恢复中的应用——以京承高速公路(三期)植被恢复工程为例

以京承高速公路(三期)岩石边坡植被恢复工程为例,研究厚层基材喷播技术的施工工艺及植被恢复效果,从抗旱乡土植物的筛选与配置、技术适宜性评价以及养护措施效果方面,综合分析归纳出厚层基材喷播技术,在北方半干旱地区岩石边坡植被恢复中的应用效果及关键技术,对于完善我国裸露边坡植被恢复理论体系,指导裸露坡面工程绿化,都具有非常重要价值。     

Variability in energy partitioning and resistance parameters for a vineyard in northwest China

Grapevines are extensively grown in the semiarid and arid regions, but little information is available on the variability of energy partitioning and resistance parameters for the vineyard. To address this question, an eddy covariance system was applied to measure energy balance over a vineyard in northwest China during 2005-2006. Result indicated that 2-year average Bowen ratio (β) of vineyard was 1.0, canopy resistance (r_c) 289.3 s m⁻¹, aerodynamic resistance (r_a) 9.7 s m⁻¹ and climatological resistance (r_i) 117 s m⁻¹. This implied that the annual energy was split almost equally between sensible heat and latent heat. Compared to the corresponding values in other ecosystems reported by Wilson et al. [Wilson, K.B., Baldocchi, D.D., Aubinet, M., Berbigier, P., Bernhofer, C., Dolman, H., Falge, E., Field, C., Goldstein, A., Granier, A., Grelle, A., Halldor, T., Hollinger, D., Katul, G., Law, B.E., Lindroth, A., Meyers, T., Moncrieff, J., Monson, R., Oechel, W., Tenhunen, J., Valentini, R., Verma, S., Vesala, T., Wofsy, S., 2002. Energy partitioning between latent and sensible heat flux during the warm season at FLUXNET sites. Water Resource Research 38, 1294-1305.], the vineyard had a higher β, r_c and r_i than deciduous forests, corn and soybean, and grassland. Such difference was mainly attributed to (1) serious water stress in 2005, which resulted in a greater r_c up to 364.4 s m⁻¹; (2) sparse canopy with row spacing of 2.9 m and plant spacing of 1.8 m; (3) warm-dry climate and high attitude (1581 m) along with higher r_i and lower psychrometer (54 Pa K⁻¹) in the arid region of northwest China. These characters of vineyard revealed varying process of energy partitioning and surface resistance, and provided a scientific basis in understanding and modeling water and energy balance for the vineyard in the semiarid and arid regions.     

丘陵山地姿态调整轮式拖拉机的设计与仿真

针对丘陵山地拖拉机作业环境复杂,对拖拉机的稳定性、通过性和地形适应性要求高的突出问题,设计了一种可进行姿态调平的丘陵山地拖拉机,主要由姿态调整后驱动桥、姿态调整前驱动桥、发动机及电液控制系统组成。姿态调整后,驱动桥设置有可独立回转摆动的轮边减速机构,实现了驱动桥刚性结构柔性调节。姿态调整前驱动桥可围绕拖拉机摇摆轴进行姿态调节。电液控制系统实时监测前、后驱动桥与地面间的坡度夹角变化,自动调节驱动桥的摆动姿态,始终使机身处于水平姿态,提高整机作业稳定性。     

基于土壤水分下限的宁夏枸杞滴灌灌溉制度试验研究

以宁杞7号枸杞为研究对象,在宁夏同心县开展2 a田间试验.设置4个关键控水期、3个控水水平共8个处理,研究枸杞不同生育期不同水分下限条件下根区土壤含水率、叶片光合生理指标、产量与品质变化;分析其耗水规律与水分利用效率,提出基于土壤水分下限的宁夏枸杞滴灌灌溉制度.结果表明:不同水分处理枸杞根区20~60 cm土层土壤含水率最大;叶片气孔导度随土壤下限升高而增大,高水分下限处理的蒸腾速率相对较大,叶片水分利用效率则相反;生育期耗水量随土壤水分下限升高而增大,2 a增幅分别为10.8%和12.8%,平均耗水量为386.6~463.2 mm,夏果期耗水量最大且差异具有统计学意义,是关键需水期.2 a均为处理S5的产量最大分别为2 208.15和2 571.30 kg/hm²,水分利用效率最高为0.39 kg/m³;水分处理对蛋白质含量影响差异不具有统计学意义,低土壤水分下限的枸杞多糖含量相对较高;全生育期分为6个灌水期,其中萌芽期灌水(春水)为375 m³/hm²;春梢生长期、花期、夏果期、秋果期的土壤质量含水率下限分别为50%θ_f(θ_f为田间持水率),65%θ_f,65%θ_f,55%θ_f,而上限为95%θ_f;休眠期冬灌量为450 m³/hm².     

融合时序遥感分析的国土空间生态保护修复关键区识别

国土空间生态保护修复是落实国家生态文明建设的重要措施,也是构建国家生态安全格局和统筹山水林田湖草沙系统治理的重要举措。而生态保护修复关键区识别,是生态保护修复规划编制、生态保护修复工程时空布局等系列工作的前置条件和基础保障,对国土空间生态保护修复至关重要。本文以河南省某生态保护修复工程为研究区域,开展融合时序遥感分析的生态保护修复关键区识别研究和实践,首先,基于Google Earth Engine（GEE）云平台,采用Mann-Kendall方法对研究区2011—2020年时序归一化植被指数（NDVI）开展趋势分析,形成时序分析结果;其次,基于气象、地形、土壤、植被净初级生产力（NPP）等数据,开展基于生态系统服务协同和权衡计算的生态系统健康分析评估,选择生态源地;最后,基于时序分析结果和生态源地选择结果,采用叠置分析,开展生态保护修复关键区域识别。结果表明,提出的“基于生态系统服务协同权衡计算的生态系统健康评估——时序遥感趋势分析”的研究框架不仅顾及了研究区域内“静态”的生态系统服务、生态系统健康属性,同时衡量了“动态”的生态系统变化趋势,可以有效识别国土空间生态保护修复关键区。研究成果可为国土空间生态保护修复本底调查、问题识别、规划和工程布局等提供技术支撑。     

推进农业产业化经营是贫困地区农业发展的现实途径

本文阐述了推进农业产为化经营是贫因地区农业发展的意义、基础、方法及途径.     

生物炭与化肥互作对土壤含水率与番茄产量的影响

为探明生物炭与化肥互作对番茄土壤含水率与及产量的影响,试验设置5个生物炭水平0t/hm~2(B1)、10t/hm~2(B2)、20t/hm~2(B3)、40t/hm~2(B4)、60t/hm~2(B5)和2个化肥水平中肥(F1)和低肥(F2)。结果表明:0～20cm土层土壤含水率均随生物炭施用量增加呈现增大趋势。在番茄生长阶段,0～20cm低炭处理土壤含水率与对照相比增幅在10%以内,高炭处理增幅达40%。20～40cm土壤含水率与0～20cm变化规律恰好相反,与对照相比施炭处理土壤含水率均呈下降趋势。其中B4F1和B4F2含水率最小,为对照的70%。施加生物炭后土壤含水率变化幅度(Ka)和变异程度(Cv)减弱。同一深度土壤随着施炭量增加Ka和Cv均减小。与对照相比较高施炭处理(B4F1、B4F2、B5F1、B5F2)变异系数Cv相对较小。随着番茄生长土壤水分在垂直剖面影响表现为较高施炭量(B4F1、B4F2、B5F1、B5F2)能有效保持耕作层有效水分,与对照相比差异显著。随着施炭量增加番茄产量增幅出现先升高后降低趋势,且均高于对照。B4F1、B4F2、B5F1、B5F2分别增幅46.34%、58.61%、49.63%和39.18%,其中B4F2产量最高。同一施炭不同施肥处理间差异不显著。研究成果可为内蒙古半干旱地区农业生产提供依据。     

Floristic diversity and vegetation patterns along disturbance gradient in arid coasts in southern Mediterranean: Case of the Gulf of Gabès,southern Tunisia

Knowledge about vegetation patterns along disturbance gradients is essential for conservation and management of coastal habitats in arid regions. This study focuses on the floristic diversity and the factors controlling the vegetation structure in the Gulf of Gabès (Tunisia). For this purpose, the floristic diversity of 120 relevés belonging to three coastal sites with different disturbance levels (40 relevés per site) was analyzed in relation with 10 environmental and anthropogenic factors. Therophytes constitute 54% of the 237 plants species belonging to 44 families identified in the present study. The species richness and floristic diversity indices exhibited a similar trend and peaked in the slightly disturbed site (H′?=?3.38; S?=?176). The similarity between sites was relatively low and reached its maximum between the little and the highly disturbed sites. Two-way indicator species analysis and detrended correspondence analysis applied on the floristic data resulted in groups mainly determined by disturbance level by explicitly segregating the three sites. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) indicated that the spatial pattern of species composition was mainly influenced by anthropogenic variables. Partial CCA revealed that the effect of anthropogenic variables on floristic composition was thrice higher than the effect of environmental variables (57.5% vs. 18.4%, respectively). Overall, this study provides a broad understanding of the floristic diversity and vascular plant richness in the Gulf of Gabès. The obtained results reflected a disturbance–diversity pattern and thus revealed the obvious importance of maintaining the intermediate disturbance for biodiversity conservation and monitoring.     

广西矿区大气沉降与稻米重金累积的关系分析(英文)

笔者就大气沉降的概念、来源及其危害作了简要的概述,并对广西矿区大气沉降与稻米重金属累积的关系作简要分析,以期对广西矿区重金属沉降污染实施有效的风险预警,确保稻米安全生产提供参考。     

红壤旱地芝麻防早衰叶面调控剂筛选研究

研究结果表明,速效肥料、生长调节剂及抗病药剂对保持芝麻生长中后期的正常生长都能起到积极作用。磷酸二氢钾+硝酸铵+腐植酸+赤霉素配制能有效防控红壤旱地芝麻早衰,在此配方基础上,添加代森锰锌能对防控芝麻叶部及茎部病害起到一定的作用,从而增强了红壤旱地上芝麻的抗早衰能力。