Spatial-temporal Patterns of Land-use Change in Typical Transect Area Along China National Highway 106 During 1996-2008

Based on land-use database updated with the survey of 1996, 2000, 2004 and 2008, this paper analyzed the land-use changes in the typical transect area along National Highway 106 with the aid of GIS technology and quantitative models. The results showed that arable land had been continuously decreased from 1996 to 2008, with a loss of 65.85× 10^3 hm2 and an average decrement of 5.49×10^3 hm^2 per year, and the loss in northern areas was larger; garden land and woodland were gradually centralized to the predominance area with an increment of 25.73×10^3 hm2 and 22.37×10^3 hm2, respectively; residential and industrial land increased year after year, and the transportation land showed the equalized developing spatial pattern; the increment of construction land and encroachment on arable land in the area were deeply influenced by the national macroscopic land-use policies, the rapid advance of urbanization and the development level of the regional economy. Through this case study, it is suggested that differential land- use policies should be adopted to create good environmental conditions to guarantee food security and to promote the economic development.     

北海道9号苹果在冀北山地引种初报

为探讨北海道９号苹果在冀北山地推广的可能性，于１９９５￣１９９７年进行了引种观察，积累了试验数据。结果表明，北海道９号苹果抗寒性较强，丰产性能好，果实着色好，品质优良，可在冀北平泉县中部及其以南的区域进一步进行生产示范，建园方式采用以国光／海棠作基砧，用高接换头方法较好。     

海南居住区植物的种植设计

居住区植物的种植设计是园林造景的重要景观元素设计途径之一。本文阐述了植物景观种植设计原理，探讨了海南居住区植物景观种植设计特点、种植模式的设计方法和思路。     

Spatial variability and change in soil organic carbon stocks in response to recovery following land abandonment and erosion in mountainous drylands

This research investigates the impact of human activities on carbon (C) dynamics in a mountainous and semi‐arid environment. Despite the low C status of drylands, soil organic carbon (SOC) is the largest C pool in these systems and therefore may offer significant C sequestration potential in systems recovering from degradation. Nevertheless, quantification of this potential is limited by lack of knowledge concerning the magnitude of and controls on regional SOC stocks. Therefore, this study aimed to (i) investigate the variability of soil organic carbon in relation to recovery period and key soil and topographical variables, and (ii) quantify the effects of recovery period following abandonment on SOC stocks. Soil profiles were sampled in the Sierra de los Filabres (southeast Spain) in different land units along geomorphic and degradation gradients. SOC contents were modelled using recovery period and soil and topographical variables. Sample depth, topographic position, altitude, recovery period and stone content were identified as the main factors for predicting SOC concentrations. SOC stocks in 1 m depth of soil varied between 3.16 and 76.44 t/ha. Recovery period (years since abandonment), topographic position and altitude were used to predict and map SOC stocks in the top 0.2 m. The results show that C accumulates rapidly during the first 10–50 yr following abandonment; thereafter, the stocks evolve towards a steady‐state level. The erosion zones in the study area demonstrate greater potential to increase their SOC stocks when abandoned. Deposition zones have greater SOC values, although their C accumulation rate is lower compared with erosional landscapes in the first 10–50 yr following abandonment. Therefore, full understanding of the C sequestration potential of land use change in areas of complex topography requires knowledge of spatial variability in soil properties and in particular SOC.     

榆林沙区湿地现状和保护利用对策研究

本文对榆林沙区湿地现状进行了详细的研究分析,提出榆林沙区湿地保护利用研究对策,根据榆林北部毛乌素沙区湿地的具体情况制定相关的保护政策,本着人与自然相协调和可持续的原则发展和完善湿地保护政策体系;积极开展科学研究,为湿地保护工作提供科技支撑;处理好工业开发区生态化生产与湿地保护利用的关系;注重污水排放控制与维护水质;进行湿地保护与水土保持,使水土资源可持续利用,以促进社会、经济可持续发展。     

黑金河林场森林资源现状及其时间动态研究

文章从林地利用面积和林木蓄积两方面对黑龙江省黑金河林场2007年森林资源现状进行了调查分析，并与1998年调查结果进行了比较。指出了该林场目前存在的问题及今后经营的建议。     

应用草地农业系统理论发展半农半牧区农村经济

在半农半牧区，草地农业系统的植物生产过程应包含种植生植物和一年生饲料作物两方面，动物生产过程是以草食畜禽为主综合发展的畜牧业生产，把草地农业系统理论应用到生产实践中，就是广泛建立生态模式家庭牧场，以期达到增加收入和农牧业持发展的目的。规划固定饲物用地可使耕种农业形成新的三元种植结构。畜牧业的发展和农业种植结构的变化，必将促进农村经济的有效和可持续发展。     

高寒地区不同干燥法对紫花苜蓿营养价值的影响

研究了高寒地区不同干燥方法对紫花苜蓿营养价值的影响，结果表明：压扁茎秆结合日晒干燥法所用干燥时间短，减少了紫花苜蓿粗蛋白质、钙、磷等营养物质的损失，有利于营养价值的保持，从而提高了干草的质量。     

Ein allgemeiner Ansatz zur Quantifizierung des Einflusses der Güte der Sätechnik auf den Flächenertrag

A general approach to determine the effect of accuracy of sowing technique on yield per area
Caused by nonperfect seed placement accuracy of sowing machines as well as by many other abiotic and biotic factors the resulting plant stands exhibit nonregular plant distributions. Based on several simplifying assumptions a stochastic approach provides a quantitative determination of the effects of accuracy of sowing technique on yield per area. In this approach, two random variables are assigned to each individual plant: single plant yield E and single plant area A, which is calculated in this paper by the construction and quadrature of the so-called Thiessen-polygons. The yield per area F is calculated as the expectation of the ratio E/A. By assuming a deterministic mathematical relationship between E and A, the calculation of F reduces to the calculation of the expectation of a function of only one random variable A. A simple approximation with sufficient accuracy for many applications only depends on the mean and on the variance of the areas of the individual plants. For demonstration purposes, the theoretical approaches and results have been finally applied to three data sets for drilled seeds of winter oilseed rape (plant density: 60 plants/m² and distance between rows: 10 cm). These data sets exhibit different accuracies of the longitudinal distributions within rows which have been quantitatively measured by the coefficient of variation for the distances between plants within rows: Yield depression increases with an increasing variability of plant distances within rows.     

革命的出场与反思的缺席——论解放区文学的示众描写

作为民众翻身的一个重要环节,解放区文学对示众的描写一改鲁迅等人的批判色调,充满肯定意味。这种新型示众不仅颠覆了传统的政治权力结构,使民众取代地主成为社会的主人;而且解构了传统的社会关系结构,使阶级意识取代传统人情成为社会人际关系构架的基础。然而,由于作家们反思意识的缺席,过于强调阶级怨恨与阶级暴力的革命性与合理性,忽视了程序正义的重要性,使得这种示众描写潜含着人性与社会危机。