内蒙古阿拉善草地毒草灾害调查与控制对策

内蒙古阿拉善草地毒草灾害一直困扰着当地畜牧业的发展.采用以现场走访和查阅文献相结合的方式,对阿拉善草地毒草灾害的历史和现状、毒草灾害造成的损失、毒草种类和地理分布、主要毒草生物学特性等进行调查,提出草地毒草灾害控制对策.结果表明,阿拉善草地牲畜毒草中毒发病率高达60%,病死率为30%;形成优势种群的毒草有14种,其中造...     

基于ArcGIS的林地面积精确分割方法研究

以ArcGIS 10.2.2浮动版为平台,结合实例阐述在宗地结构中用宗地编辑器分割宗地,从宗地结构中导出图层,将图层和从宗地结构中导出的图层加载到ArcMap内容列表中,在ArcMap内容列表中用裁剪面工具捕捉导出图层的端点、折点分割图层,实现林地面积精确分割。认为该方法在林业工作中是一种实用的方法。     

我国黑荆树适生区的划分及各区栽培技术要点

Based on the distribution of 64 locations in wattle natural distribution in Australia and the data collected from 61 plantations in 30 more countries, 5 important factors were selected for determining the suitable climatic requirements for the growth of wattle. The experience of plantation wattle in China for over 30 years has been summarized. According to the comparison of climate and geographic distribution of wattle in China and other countries, China is a suitable country for growing wattle. Based on the results of our investigation, a division of suitable areas for growing wattle in China was made. Key points of planting method in each area were suggested.     

高原牛羊胃肠道线虫驱治模式研究

根据高原地区＂春乏＂期间,牛、羊因胃肠道线虫病引起死亡严重的突出情况,自列项目,在全州范围划为三大区域,以项目区为中心,在牛、羊发病率和死亡率相对高的乡（镇）、村设点,将93330头（只）牛、羊分为三个组,作为高原地区牛、羊胃肠道线虫病防治技术模块,结果3个试验组用药前胃肠道寄生虫感染率均为100%,早晨在放牧前投喂赛爱吉夏结、克虫特和丙硫苯咪唑等药物后,7 d粪检EPG,虫卵转阴率和虫卵减少数均为100%。间隔7 d重复驱虫1次,防治效果显著。有计划的用驱虫药丙硫咪唑,克虫特、伊维菌素。在每年春季2~3月,秋季8~9月份进行两次驱虫。可提高牛、羊有机体的免疫力,降低牛、羊胃肠道线虫病的发病率和死亡率,减轻对养殖业的危害。     

Phytomass estimation using eMODIS NDVI and ground data in arid rangelands of Morocco

The assessment of rangeland productivity in semi-extensively grazed arid rangelands is a prerequisite for livestock management in relation to sustainable use of pastoral resources. The objective of this study was to assess rangeland productivity based on normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI) images. Data on phytomass were measured on 61 field samples in arid rangelands of Morocco, covering various rangeland categories during autumn (November) and spring (April), i.e. when phytomass is at low and high levels, respectively, for two consecutive years (2008 and 2009). Dekadal EROS Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (eMODIS) NDVI data were linearly regressed to field measurements for these four periods. Results show that phytomass values were correlated with NDVI during spring, with R² and RMSE values of 0.82 and 0.3 t ha^?1, respectively. This study indicates there is a high potential for operational use of remotely sensed data to estimate rangeland phytomass of semi-extensively grazed rangelands.     

Estimation of the total surface area in Indian elephants (Elephas maximus indicus)

Twenty-four adult Indian elephants (Elephas maximus indicus) of both sexes and different ages and weights, belonging to the Temple Devaswoms, the Forest Department of the Government of Kerala and the Gemini Circus formed the experimental subjects from which formulae were derived to predict the total surface area from either body measurements or areas of individual regions. Several models, using the parameters studied either singly or in combination, were tried independently for males and females and also for adults irrespective of sex. The best prediction of total surface area (S) in m² was obtained for adults irrespective of sex by using the two parameters, the height at the shoulders (H) in m and forefoot pad circumference (FFC) in m in the formula S=–8.245+6.807H+7.073FFC. No significant improvement in the accuracy of prediction resulted from the use of the independent best fit formulae for males and females. The conventional method of using the exponential of body weight (kg) for predicting suface area was not found to yield an equivalent accuracy in these animals.     

兰州地区胡麻田杂草消长动态及群落生态位研究

采用田间调查和室内测定、相对丰度和生态位计算与分析相结合的方法,对兰州地区胡麻田杂草群落进行了研究。初步明确了兰州地区胡麻田间杂草种类共有11科23种,其中主要科为:禾本科、菊科、藜科、苋科和旋花科;优势种群为:地肤、狗尾草、藜、苣荬菜、稗草和打碗花。同时明确了优势杂草的消长变化规律,即4月中旬为杂草始发期,5月中旬和6月中旬为2个出草高峰期。优势杂草生态位的研究结果表明,地肤的综合生态位宽度值最大,对胡麻的危害最大,其次为狗尾草和藜;地肤与狗尾草的时间生态位重叠值最大,与苣荬菜的水平生态位重叠值最大;而苣荬菜和藜的垂直生态位重叠值最大,它们相互之间利用资源的相似性较高。利用相对丰度和生态位宽度均能确定优势杂草的种类,反映杂草对作物危害程度的大小。     

北京地区不同秋眠级苜蓿品种适应性评价

对14个紫花苜蓿Medicago sativa品种在北京地区的表现进行观测,并对主要性状指标进行分析.结果表明:参试各品种秋眠级不同其春季生长速度、秋季生长速度、产草量及越冬率都有明显的差异,秋眠级高的品种生长速度快、产草量高,但越冬率低、秋眠级低的品种与之相反;地温也影响苜蓿生长速度;茎叶比与鲜干比各品种之间无明显变化,但与茬次有显著变化.     

三峡库区石漠化地区牛粪中钾元素在土壤-甜高粱体系中的分布与利用

为了研究在施用不同量牛粪后土壤-甜高粱体系中钾元素的利用和分布情况,试验分析了牛粪、甜高粱及土壤试验前后速效钾、全钾含量和甜高粱产量。结果表明:试验前在最浅层(0～≤5 cm)土壤中速效钾含量极显著低于>5～≤10 cm、>10～≤15 cm、>15～≤20 cm土层(P<0.01),4个土层土壤钾含量分别为27.73,43.27,42.97,40.40 mg/kg;试验后各土壤层全钾、速效钾含量与试验前相比均有增加;不同施肥处理对甜高粱速效钾含量的影响不显著(P>0.05);施化肥组甜高粱总产量极显著高于其他各组(P<0.01);钾元素在植株茎叶及根系中的富集作用表现为茎叶>根系。说明单施有机肥不是最佳施肥方式,需要有机肥、无机肥混合施入。