饲粮精氨酸水平对黄羽肉种鸡产蛋高峰期繁殖性能的影响

本试验旨在研究不同饲粮精氨酸水平对黄羽肉种鸡繁殖性能的影响。试验选用780只36周龄的黄羽肉种鸡作为试验鸡,采用单因素随机分组试验设计分成5个组(饲粮精氨酸水平分别为0.65%、0.80%、0.95%、1.10%和1.25%),每组6个重复,每个重复26只鸡。试验预试验2周,饲喂精氨酸水平为0.65%的饲粮;正试期10周。结果表明:饲粮中添加不同水平精氨酸对试验全期种鸡产蛋率、平均蛋重和料蛋比均没有显著影响(P0.05)。1.10%精氨酸组的产蛋率最高,与0.65%和1.25%精氨酸组相比有提高的趋势(P0.10)。1.25%精氨酸组平均蛋重最低,与其他4组相比均有降低的趋势(P0.10)。饲粮中添加不同水平精氨酸对种蛋蛋壳强度、蛋壳厚度、蛋黄比例、蛋白质含量以及种鸡血浆中丙二醛含量和还原型谷胱甘肽/氧化型谷胱甘肽值均有显著影响(P0.05)。饲粮精氨酸水平对种蛋受精率、孵化率、健雏率和健雏平均出壳重均没有显著影响(P0.05)。由此可见,适度添加精氨酸一定程度上能提高黄羽肉种鸡产蛋率,增强种蛋蛋壳强度和种鸡抗氧化能力。综合分析本试验多项指标,推荐快大型黄羽肉种鸡产蛋高峰期饲粮中精氨酸水平为1.10%。     

饲粮精氨酸对0～21日龄樱桃谷肉鸭生长和免疫器官指数的影响

试验研究了饲粮中不同水平精氨酸(Arginin,Arg)对肉鸭生长、免疫器官重量和结构的影响。选用96只0日龄(刚出壳)樱桃谷鸭,随机分为4个处理,每个处理4个重复,每个重复6只鸭。分别饲喂Arg缺乏的基础饲粮(Arg含量为0.62%)和在基础饲粮中添加0.25%、0.50%、1.00%Arg的试验饲粮。试验期内测定肉鸭的生产性能。21日龄时,屠宰取胸腺、脾脏和法氏囊,测定免疫器官重量,计算免疫器官指数,并制作切片观察组织结构。结果表明,饲粮缺乏Arg显著降低肉鸭的增重(P0.01)和胸腺、脾脏和法氏囊的重量(P0.05);显著降低胸腺、脾脏指数(P0.05),而对法氏囊指数无显著影响(P0.05);添加Arg使鸭的胸腺小叶皮质增厚,胸腺小体增多,脾动脉周围淋巴鞘增厚,脾小结体积变大,法氏囊皱襞发达。说明饲粮Arg水平显著影响肉鸭生长和免疫器官的发育,饲粮Arg含量为1.12%时最佳。     

哺乳期补饲精氨酸对断奶仔猪肝脏脂代谢功能的影响

本文旨在研究哺乳期补饲精氨酸对断奶仔猪肝脏脂代谢功能的影响。试验成对选取7日龄体重相近40头哺乳仔猪,分为对照组(CON组)和精氨酸组(Arg组),每组20头猪(公母各占1/2)。7日龄起,在自然哺乳的同时,CON组仔猪每日灌服生理盐水40 mL,Arg组每日灌服精氨酸40 mL[250 mg/(kg·d]。在21日龄时,仔猪断奶并饲喂基础饲粮。每组在断奶当天(21日龄)和断奶后第3天(24日龄)每次随机挑选8头仔猪(公母各占1/2)屠宰并采取肝脏。结果表明:1)断奶后第3天,仔猪的体重与肝脏重均极显著低于断奶当天(P<0.01);与CON组相比,断奶后第3天,Arg组仔猪肝脏指数极显著提高(P<0.01)。2)与CON组相比,Arg组仔猪肝细胞粒径极显著提高(P<0.01),肝细胞面积显著提高(P<0.05)。3)断奶后第3天,仔猪肝脏中总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)含量极显著高于断奶当天(P<0.01);断奶当天,Arg组仔猪肝脏中高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL⁃C)含量显著高于CON组(P<0.05),低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL⁃C)含量极显著低于CON组(P<0.01)。4)与CON组相比,断奶当天,Arg组仔猪肝脏中脂蛋白脂肪酶(LPL)基因相对表达水平显著提高(P<0.05)。由此可得,哺乳期补饲精氨酸能够促进断奶仔猪肝脏发育,提高肝脏中HDL⁃C含量,降低肝脏中LDL⁃C含量,提高肝脏中LPL基因的表达水平,进而提高断奶仔猪肝脏脂代谢的功能。     

日粮添加精氨酸对肥育猪免疫功能的调节作用

以杜×(大×长)三元杂种猪为研究对象,将其分为2组,分别饲喂基础日粮和添加1%精氨酸日粮.测定试验猪血液白细胞分类计数,血清免疫球蛋白和细胞因子水平、淋巴细胞增殖活性以及脾脏IL-2、TNF-α和IFN-γ的mRNA表达水平,探讨日粮添加精氨酸对肥育猪免疫功能的调节作用.结果表明:日粮中添加1%精氨酸可显著增加单核细胞数和百分比、淋巴细胞百分比和增殖活性及血清IgG和IL-2水平,显著降低中性粒细胞数和百分比及血清TNF-α水平;明显增加脾脏IL-2和IFN-γ表达水平,降低TNF-α表达水平.结果提示,精氨酸可通过调节肥育猪的细胞和体液免疫水平,从而增强机体免疫功能.     

Research Advanced on Functions of Nutritional Regulation and Intestinal Barrier of Arginine

Arginine is one of the most important amino acids for animals,and participates in the synthesis and metabolism of many nutrients,plays a role in the development and function of the gastrointestinal tract.Intestinal barrier function is one of the most functions for intestine.The article will summarize the effect of arginine on intestinal barrier.It was explicated the influence on inteseinal immunity of Toll-like receptor.This research provided some references for further study of arginine regulation on animal production.     

氧化鱼油对黄颡鱼生长性能和抗氧化指标的影响及精氨酸的干预作用

本试验旨在研究饲料中添加氧化鱼油对黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus fulvidraco)生长性能、体成分、血清生化指标和血清、肝脏抗氧化指标的影响以及添加精氨酸对其的干预作用。选取初始体重为(4.41±0.05)g的健康黄颡鱼幼鱼600尾,随机分为6组,每组4个重复,分别投喂含2.5%新鲜鱼油(FF组)、1.5%新鲜鱼油+1.0%氧化鱼油(FO1组)、0.5%新鲜鱼油+2.0%氧化鱼油(FO2组)、2.5%新鲜鱼油+0.48%L-精氨酸盐酸盐(FFA组)、1.5%新鲜鱼油+1.0%氧化鱼油+0.48%L-精氨酸盐酸盐(FOA1组)、0.5%新鲜鱼油+2.0%氧化鱼油+0.48%L-精氨酸盐酸盐(FOA2组)的6种饲料,投喂期为56 d。结果显示:在FF、FO1、FO2组中,随着氧化鱼油添加量的增加,黄颡鱼的增重率、特定生长率和蛋白质沉积率均逐渐降低,饲料系数和摄食率均逐渐升高,均在FO2组达到极值,与其他2组差异达到显著水平(P0.05);氧化鱼油饲料添加精氨酸后,在FFA、FOA1、FOA2组上述指标没有产生显著性差异(P0.05),其中FOA1、FOA2组的增重率分别比FO1、FO2组升高3.0%和9.9%。双因素方差分析结果显示,氧化鱼油对黄颡鱼增重率和摄食率的影响达到显著水平(P0.05),氧化鱼油与精氨酸对黄颡鱼特定生长率、蛋白质沉积率和饲料系数的影响存在交互作用(P0.05)。FO1组肝体比显著低于FF组(P0.05),FO2组肠体比与FFA、FOA2组相比显著降低(P0.05),氧化鱼油与精氨酸对黄颡鱼肝体比的影响存在交互作用(P0.05)。FOA1组全鱼粗脂肪含量与FO1组相比显著降低(P0.05)。在FF、FO1、FO2组中,随着氧化鱼油添加量的增加,黄颡鱼血清总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)逐渐降低,FO2组显著低于FF组(P0.05);氧化鱼油饲料添加精氨酸后,黄颡鱼血清T-AOC分别升高77.0%(FOA1组vs.FO1组)和137.4%(FOA2组vs.FO2组),其中后者达显著水平(P0.05)。双因素方差分析结果显示,氧化鱼油对血清丙二醛(MDA)含量的影响达到显著水平(P0.05),氧化鱼油和精氨酸对黄颡鱼血清T-AOC的影响存在交互作用(P0.05)。结果表明,在饲料中添加一定量的氧化鱼油会抑制黄颡鱼的生长并降低血清的抗氧化能力,但添加一定量的精氨酸可以缓解氧化鱼油对黄颡鱼生长的抑制作用,并增强其机体的抗氧化能力。     

锯缘青蟹精氨酸激酶基因的克隆与表达

通过分子生物学方法,克隆得到锯缘青蟹（Scylla serrata）精氨酸激酶（Arginine Kinase,AK）开放阅读框基因序列.测序结果显示：该开放阅读框基因的序列长度为1 071 bp,编码356个氨基酸残基;该序列登录Genbank（GQ：851626）,序列比对结果显示,锯缘青蟹精氨酸激酶与凡纳滨对虾（Litopenaeus vannamei）精氨酸激酶的氨基酸序列同源性高达94%,与岸蟹（Carcinus maenas）、中华绒鳌蟹（Eriocheir sinensis）等甲壳类动物的精氨酸激酶也有较高的同源性,均高于90%;将克隆得到的锯缘青蟹精氨酸激酶基因与pGEX-4T-3载体连接,转化大肠杆菌BL21,经IPTG诱导得到分子质量为65 ku的融合表达蛋白（GST-AK）,经兔抗锯缘青蟹精氨酸激酶多克隆抗体的免疫印迹分析证实,GST-AK具有抗原性.     

L—精氨酸对肉鸡肺动脉压和腹水综合征发生的影响

AA肉鸡 180羽随机等分为对照组 (C)和试验组 (A、B)。参试鸡 14日龄前常规饲养。 14日龄后C组鸡继续常规饲养 ;A、B组鸡舍温度按每日 1～ 2℃由 2 5℃逐步降至 12℃ ,同时日粮中添加 1 5mg kg-1三碘甲状腺原氨酸 (T3 )以诱发腹水综合征 ;B组自 14日龄起至试验结束在日粮中再添加 1% (质量分数 )L 精氨酸。分别于 3,4,5 ,6,7周龄测定各组肉鸡肺动脉平均压 (mPAP)、红细胞压积、右心全心比及血浆一氧化氮 (NO)水平 ,并记录腹水发病率。结果发现 :低温添加T3 处理后 ,A组肉鸡腹水发病率增加 ,mPAP在 5周龄时升高 ,右心全心比在 6周龄时升高 ;B组肉鸡腹水发病率明显低于A组 ,血浆NO水平高于A组 (P <0 0 1) ,mPAP在 6周龄时升高 ,右心全心比在 7周龄时升高 ,此变化比A组晚一周出现。上述结果提示 ,日粮添加精氨酸后血浆NO水平升高 ,可能在一定程度上抑制了肺动脉高压的形成 ,因而在一定程度上降低了腹水综合征发病     

Effects of in ovo feeding of L‐arginine on the development of digestive organs,intestinal function and post‐hatch performance of broiler embryos and hatchlings

This study was to investigate the effects of in ovo feeding (IOF) L‐arginine (Arg) solution on the development of digestive organs, the duodenal mucosa of broiler embryos and hatchlings, and the growth performance of chicks during the first week post‐hatch. A total of 720 fertilized eggs with similar weight were randomly allocated to three groups, consisting of eight replicates of 30 eggs each. Three treatments were arranged as non‐injected control, diluent‐injected (0.75% NaCl solution) group and Arg solution‐injected group containing 1% Arg, dissolved in diluent. At 17.5 days of incubation, 0.6 ml of IOF solution was injected into amniotic fluid of each egg of injected groups. Results showed IOF of Arg solution increased (p < .05) the chick embryo weight at 19 days of incubation; the body weight gain of post‐hatch broilers during 1–7 days; the weights of liver, pancreas, proventriculus and gizzard; the concentrations of duodenal ghrelin, vasoactive intestinal peptide and glucagon‐like peptide 2; and the duodenum mucosal enzyme activities of alkaline phosphatase, maltase, sucrase and inducible nitric oxide synthase of 7‐day‐old post‐hatch broilers compared with other groups. The IOF of Arg solution also increased (p < .05) the villus height (VH) and the ratio of VH to crypt depth (CD) and decreased (p < .05) the CD in duodenum of broiler embryos and post‐hatch hatchlings, except for the CD at 19 days of incubation. In conclusion, IOF of 1% Arg solution into the amnion at 17.5 days of incubation could improve the development of digestive organs, the duodenal morphology, the releasing of gastrointestinal hormones and mucosal enzyme activities of broiler embryos and hatchlings and finally the growth performance of chicks during the first week post‐hatch. Therefore, IOF of appropriate Arg solution could be an effective technology for regulating early nutrition supply and subsequent growth development in poultry industry.     

A quantitative study on arginine catabolism by mixed ruminal bacteria,protozoa and their mixture in vitro

The catabolism of arginine (Arg) by mixed rumen bacteria (B), mixed rumen protozoa (P), and their mixture (BP) was quantitatively investigated in an in vitro system in order to confirm the metabolic pathway of Arg and provide basic information for enzymatic and molecular studies as well as an understanding of the quantitative distribution of metabolites. Rumen microbial suspensions (B, P, and BP) collected from fistulated goats were anaerobically incubated with or without 1 mmol/L Arg at 39°C for 12 h. Arg and other related compounds such as citrulline (Cit), ornithine (Orn), proline (Pro) and 5‐aminovaleric acid (5AV) in both supernatant and hydrolyzates of B, P, and BP suspensions were analyzed by HPLC. The metabolic pathways of Arg in mixed rumen bacteria and mixed rumen protozoa were considered to be as follows: rumen bacteria, Arg → Cit → Orn → Pro → 5AV → VFAs + NH₃; rumen protozoa, Arg → Cit → Orn → Pro → 5AV. The disappearance of Arg (1 mmol/L) was approximately 52.9 and 88.2% in B, 33.9 and 55.6% in P, and 52.8 and 85.2% in BP during 6 and 12 h incubations, respectively. When expressed in units of ‘per gram (g) of microbial nitrogen (MN)’, the net degradation rate of Arg in BP (50.3 µmol/g MN/h) was approximately 46% lower than that of B during a 12 h incubation period. The presence of protozoa tended to inhibit the production of Orn from Cit and the production of 5AV from Pro which were thought to be rate‐limiting steps of Arg metabolism in rumen microorganisms. As a result, protozoa appeared to have a saving effect on Arg metabolism, that is, protozoa protected Arg from wasteful exhaustion in the rumen.