秦川肉牛新品系的培育

产于陕西八百里秦川的秦川牛,千百年来一直是关中农业生产的主要动力和粪肥来源,建国后,通过广大科技工作者的通力合作,协同攻关,运用国际育种先进技术,选出优秀公牛,授配主产区大批秦川母牛,配合其他措施,从而加速了秦川牛的选育,使之很快由役用型转变为肉用型,形成了秦川肉牛新品系。经屠宰测定,其肉用,役用性能不仅大大高于５０年代调查时测定的指标,而且其中一些肉用性能指标与国际著名的肉牛品种相比也毫不逊色,     

杨树低产林成因及对策——以宿州市踊桥区祁县镇为例

通过设立固定标准地对杨树的中幼林龄期和近熟林龄期生长情况进行调查分析，了解踊桥区祁县镇不同立地条件下杨树长势，判断林分立地条件对生长量影响的关键因子，并进行了标准地土壤剖面结构、理化性质和土壤养分含量对比，结论如下：影响杨树生长的关键因素是林地土层厚度，分析了杨树低产林形成原因是：土壤层浅、瘠薄、空隙度小、质地粘重。并提出相应对策：杨树低产林改造；加强中幼林抚育、进行土壤改良；发展林下经济改善土壤结构理化性质；营造复层林、间接改良土壤，提高林地综合利用率。     

Quantitative dynamics on stimulating regeneration and sowing seedlings of Larix gmelinii in Daxing''''an Mountains

Introduction4LarixgmeliniiisoneofmajortimberspeciesinthenortheastDaxing'anMountainsinChina.Itplaysanimportantroleinprovidinglumber,maintainingthenaturalenvironmentinthisregionandadjustingecologicalequilibrium.Alargenumberofburnedareasandcut-overareasneedtoregenerateeveryyear.Larixgmeliniihasgreatnaturalregenerationcapabilityandenoughseedsources,andalmostmeetsabumperharvestyeareverythreeyears(Xuetal.1992;Shan1990;Xuetal.1993).Someburnedandloggedareaswouldberapidlyrestoredthroughafewofassista…     

A spatially-explicit method to assess the dry deposition of air pollution by urban forests in the city of Florence,Italy

Urban forests (UF) provide a range of important ecosystem services (ES) for human well-being. Relevant ES delivered by UF include urban temperature regulation, runoff mitigation, noise reduction, recreation, and air purification. In this study the potential of air pollution removal by UF in the city of Florence (Italy) was investigated. Two main air pollutants were considered – particulate matter (PM₁₀) and tropospheric ozone (O₃) – with the aim of providing a methodological framework for mapping air pollutant removal by UF and assessing the percent removal of air pollutant.The distribution of UF was mapped by high spatial resolution remote sensing data and classified into seven forest categories. The Leaf Area Index (LAI) was estimated spatially using a regression model between in-field LAI survey and Airborne Laser Scanning data and it was found to be in good linear agreement with estimates from ground-based measurements (R² = 0.88 and RMSE% = 11%). We applied pollution deposition equations by using pollution concentrations measured at urban monitoring stations and then estimated the pollutant removal potential of the UF: annual O₃ and PM₁₀ removal accounted for 77.9 t and 171.3 t, respectively. O₃ and PM₁₀ removal rates by evergreen broadleaves (16.1 and 27.3 g/m²), conifers (10.9 and 28.5 g/m²), and mixed evergreen species (15.8 and 31.7 g/m²) were higher than by deciduous broadleaf stands (4.1 and 10 g/m²). However, deciduous forests exhibited the largest total removal due to the high percentage of tree cover within the city. The present study confirms that UF play an important role in air purification in Mediterranean cities as they can remove monthly up to 5% of O₃ and 13% of PM₁₀.     

棚栽日本网纹甜瓜病虫害发生情况调查

针对网纹甜瓜生长最为关键的开花和座果期进行了网纹甜瓜的病虫害系统调查。调查结果显示,网纹甜瓜主要病虫害有温室白粉虱、蚜虫、美洲斑潜蝇、瓜绢螟、蛞蝓、枯萎病、霜霉病和病毒病;发生最严重的害虫是温室白粉虱,其次是蚜虫,其后依次是美洲斑潜蝇、瓜绢螟和蛞蝓,最高虫口密度分别达57头/叶、35头/叶、6头/株、27头/百株、21头/百株;在病害中,最早出现的病害是霜霉病,然后是病毒病和枯萎病。霜霉病病株率从3%不断上升至11%;病毒病病株率从3%不断上升至15%,枯萎病病株率从1%上升至8%,其中以枯萎病造成的损失最重。     

抗战时期陕甘宁边区奶业 技术扩散及其影响因素

抗日战争时期，陕甘宁边区的奶业方兴未艾。以光华农场为代表的奶业科研及生产机构，大力开展奶畜育种、饲养、管理、防疫等方面的科研工作，试验制作奶酪、奶皮、奶油、酸奶等奶制品，成为了边区奶业的技术扩散源。抗日军民对牛、羊奶的大量需求，客观上促进了边区奶业技术的传播与辐射，但受经济条件、饮食习惯以及市场流通等多重因素的影响和制约，边区奶业技术扩散呈现出比较复杂的情形。     

寒地水稻不同氮肥施用量试验结果汇总

对2007～2010年水稻不同氮肥施用量试验结果进行汇总,结果表明:在一定的氮肥施用量范围内随着施氮量的增加水稻产量、单株分蘖率、穗粒数、稻米垩白率、蛋白质含量均呈增加趋势;千粒重、食味值随着氮肥施用量的增加呈下降趋势.不同年际氮肥的最佳施用量受气象条件影响明显.     

乡土观赏竹在重庆北碚城市景区中的应用

重庆北碚乡土竹类植物共有11属51种,其中35种已在园林中得到应用。该文分析了各竹种的观赏特性及应用前景,对竹子在北碚区城市景区中的应用进行了探讨,为市区丰富园林绿化树种,增添园林景观,为类似城市旅游景区提供一定的参考。     

陕西关中地区小麦品种的发育特性

对陕西关中地区小麦品种发育特性的研究表明，随着品种更换虽然进入幼穗伸长的时间缩短，但品种未出现春性化，开花期在品种间差异不大，但二棱期至开花期的时间缩短，这是感光性减弱的结果；由于伸长期至二棱期的时间延长，从而利于增花增粒，近期育成的大穗品种多有明显的春性化，强感光性，需要加以改进。     

林火对长白山自然保护区风灾区土壤性质的影响

以2012年长白山国家级自然保护区西坡风灾区森林火灾为研究背景，采用常规土壤分析方法研究了不同火烧强度下土壤理化性质的变化情况．结果表明：火烧后土壤容重和土壤含水率随火烧强度的增强显著下降；0～6cm土壤pH，土壤有机质，土壤全C、全N、速效P、速效K质量分数经轻度和中度火烧后均呈显著增加趋势；在火烧强度因子的控制下，对各养分质量分数进行的偏相关分析显示，除土壤pH外，其他各养分间存在显著的相关性．