Synovial fluid and plasma concentrations of ceftiofur after regional intravenous perfusion in the horse

OBJECTIVE: To determine radiocarpal (RC) joint synovial fluid and plasma ceftiofur concentrations after regional intravenous perfusion (RIP) and systemic intravenous (IV) administration. STUDY DESIGN: Experimental cross-over study. ANIMALS: Five normal adult horses. METHODS: One RC joint was randomly selected for RIP and the contralateral RC joint was sampled to determine intrasynovial ceftiofur concentrations after IV administration. Wash-out between IV and RIP was > or = 14 days. After surgical introduction of an intraarticular catheter, ceftiofur (2 g) was administered under general anesthesia either IV or by RIP after tourniquet application. Plasma and synovial fluid were collected over 24 hours. Samples were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection and the results were statistically analyzed using a linear mixed effect model. RESULTS: Mean synovial fluid ceftiofur concentrations were consistently higher after RIP than after IV administration and were > 1 mug/mL (minimal inhibitory concentration [MIC] for common pathogens) for >24 hours. Mean synovial fluid peak concentration of ceftiofur after RIP and IV administration was 392.7+/-103.29 microg/mL at 0.5 hours postinjection (HPI) and 2.72+/-0.31 mug/mL at 1 HPI, respectively. Large variations in synovial fluid and plasma ceftiofur concentrations were observed between horses regardless of administration technique. RIP did not cause adverse effects. CONCLUSIONS: Under the present experimental conditions RIP with ceftiofur (2 g) induced significantly higher intraarticular antibiotic concentrations in the RC joint in comparison with IV administration. Moreover, after RIP, synovial fluid ceftiofur concentrations remain above the MIC for common pathogens (1 microg/mL) for > 24 hours. No adverse effects from the technique or the antibiotic were observed. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: RIP with high doses of ceftiofur may be a beneficial adjunctive therapy when treating equine synovial infections which are caused by cephalosporin susceptible microorganisms.     

气象科技档案的开发与利用

气象科技档案是国家科技档案的一个重要组成部分,是气象工作人员在长期的工作中对气象观测,气象预报等进行的一系列记载,整理和管理,从而使之以档案的形式呈现在大家面前。气象科技档案与工业,农业,环保等许多领域都有着直接和间接的联系。充分了解和认识气象科技档案,使其服务质量得到提高,领域得到拓展,充分开发和利用气象科技档案创造出更多的社会和经济效益。     

行政中心地域性文化景观表达载体及创造手段

通过论述地域文化在景观设计中的重要性,阐述了相应地域性景观的表达方式以及创造景观的几种手段。针对行政中心设计,注重设计中的地域风土,赋予行政中心在功能、生态和文化多方面的意义。     

对地方工科院校工商管理专业大类学生培养的思考

地方工科院校侧重于培养地方应用型人才,其人才培养应当贴近地方经济建设、社会发展和行业需要,培养为地方社会经济发展服务、具有实践能力和创新能力的第一线的应用型人才,工商管理按大类招生培养,培养的学生是厚基础、对专业学习深入了解的交叉复合型的人才。该文对工商管理大类招生的必要性,当前工商管理本科专业人才培养存在的主要问题进行分析,并提出地方工科院校工商管理专业大类培养的建议,以为工商管理专业大类学生培养提供参考。     

关于完善农业科研单位激励机制的思考

文章以濮阳市农科院现行的科研激励机制为例,指出了激励机制中存在的问题,并提出要建立一套完善的激励机制,就要物质激励和精神激励并重,激励机制与约束机制并存,同时要建立动态化的激励制度。要针对不同层次、不同成长阶段的科研人员,制定不同的科研目标、评价体系、奖励标准和激励措施。对科研管理人员要建立灵活多样的激励措施,使科研单位的每一个成员都在激励中顺利成长。     

Developments in Swedish forest policy and administration – from a “policy of restriction” toward a “policy of cooperation”

Abstract

New tools and forms of cooperation at the landscape level are needed in order for forestry and environmental conservation to co-exist in areas with many land owners. Awareness has existed for several years in Sweden that cooperation at the landscape level is essential for protecting areas of high environmental value. This awareness has come to expression in several projects and initiatives. One of these projects is the Östra Vätterbranterna Partnership, a successful example of the new orientation toward environmental management as formulated in the government bill Sustainable protection of nature areas: new working methods with a focus on collaboration and increased dialog by involving more actors and utilizing a greater combination of steering instruments. This development resonates with the growing trend toward deregulation and less state intervention in environmental management, implying a stronger emphasis on new governance structures and market-driven processes. This paper examines the preconditions for a development toward governance-oriented forms of steering in the area of environmental policy and law, with specific emphasis on the protection of forestry areas with high environmental value. Paralleling this development, the transformation of environmental public administration is analyzed, using a model representing three different perspectives on administration's role, values and meaning, showing state action's progressive transition from “rowing” to “steering” to “serving” and facilitating.     

阿奇霉素不同途径给药治疗仔猪支原体肺炎的效果比较

探讨阿奇霉素不同途径给药对姜曲海仔猪支原体肺炎治疗效果的影响。将90只病猪随机均分为5组,即感染对照组、阿奇霉素混饲组、肌肉注射组、雾化给药组和静脉注射组,并设有健康对照组,试验前后自由饮食。结果表明,各治疗组的治愈率高于感染对照组(P<0.05),且以雾化给药方式的治疗效果最好,而肌肉注射组和静脉注射的不良反应率最高,与其他组差异显著(P<0.05);各治疗组平均日增重显著高于感染对照组(P<0.05),其中雾化给药最高,相对增重率达93%。试验证明,阿奇霉素雾化给药对姜曲海仔猪支原体肺炎治疗效果显著,高于其他给药方式。     

适应改革需要 加强企业档案管理工作

随着改革的需要,把企业档案收集全面,保管完整,建立健全企业档案信息工作,确保企业档案信息资源的开发和利用,提高档案管理人员的素质,使档案更好的发挥其作用,从而为社会创造更高的社会价值,是企业档案管理工作的重中之重。     

试论林业科技档案的利用与知识产权保护

林业科技档案的价值,在于为林业生产活动提供必要的参考和依据。利用好林业科技档案信息资源,可以对提高林业综合生产能力及社会、经济、生态效益,改善人民生态环境等方面起到积极的促进作用。但在林业科技档案的利用过程中,常常出现档案利用与知识产权保护之间的冲突,处理不当则容易导致知识产权的流失或破坏。因此,通过分析林业科技档案利用的主要方式、特定要求,以及在林业科技档案利用过程中存在的知识产权保护问题,对如何在充分利用林业科技档案的同时保护好知识产权,进行了初步探讨。