深圳市公园绿地暖季型草坪春夏季杂草的调查

对深圳地区暖季型草坪台湾草及假俭草春夏季草坪进行普查，发现春夏季草坪杂草共66种，分属22科55属，其中台湾草草坪杂草63种，假检草草坪杂草38种。阔叶杂草种类占全部杂草种类的79％。通过抽样、统计，分析了台湾草、假俭草草坪精细管理区、粗放管理区春夏季杂草的优势种和对草坪构成危害的主要杂草种类。结合秋季草坪杂草的调查，总结了深圳地区草坪杂草的发生规律。     

A correction factor for,and its application to,visual censuses of littoral fish

Visual estimation techniques were used between October 1976 and May 1977 on the fish fauna of an enclosed mid-intertidal pool in the eastern Cape, South Africa, to test the usefulness and accuracy of this non-consumptive census method. In January, 1977, two pools were censused for fish, then poisoned using the ichthyocide ‘pronoxfish’ and all fish collected. Forty species in 21 families were obtained from the two stations. The accuracy of visual estimates varied with the species of fish. Secretive and cryptically coloured types, as well as species which Inhabit crevices, were underestimated, between 0 and 86% being counted. Other fish with protective colours but that occur more openly and do not react adversely to divers, as well as schooling species, were also underestimated, but up to 100% of the total were observed. Those which occur singly or in small groups in the water column were counted more accurately, with 57 to 100% of the actual number being seen. Correction factors were calculated from these data and applied to a census taken of one pool in May. Comparisons of corrected and actual numbers Indicate that these factors were relatively accurate for non-secretive species. The factors will, however, vary for each species, from observer to observer, depending on their personal experience, and from area to area.     

辽西地区主要造林树种抗旱性的研究

辽西地区属于半干旱季风气候区,年平均温度为7.1—8.2℃,年降水量为400—600mm,年蒸发量为1600mm,为降水量的3—4倍。干燥是该区总的气候特点。该区的植物群落主要为旱生的森林灌丛或草本植物群落,针叶树建群种为油松,阔叶树为蒙古栎,元宝槭,黄榆;灌木主要为荆条和酸枣。土壤是在各种岩石风化物残积母质上,以及黄土、红土母质上发育的淋溶褐土和褐色性土,土壤干旱瘠薄。水分是这一地区限制造林树种成活及生长的主要因子,本文试图通过对树种抗旱性的测定和分析,确定树种的抗旱能力,从而为辽西地区的造林提供树种选择的依据。     

The potential drivers in forming avian biodiversity hotspots in the East Himalaya Mountains of Southwest China

Little has been published to describe or interpret Asian biodiversity hotspots, including those in the East Himalayan Mountains of Southwest China (HMSC), thus making necessary a review of the current knowledge. The Pliocene and Pleistocene geological and glacial histories of the Asian continent differ from those of Europe and North America, suggesting different mechanisms of speciation and extinction, and, thus, different responses to climate changes during the Quaternary glaciations. This short review summarizes potential drivers in shaping and maintaining high species richness and endemism of birds in the HMSC. The geographical location at the junction of different biogeographical realms, the wide range of habitats and climates along the extensive elevational range, the complex topography and the distinct geological history of this region have probably contributed to the evolution of an exceptionally species‐rich and endemic‐rich, specialized montane avian fauna. The Mountain systems in the HMSC may have provided refugia where species survived during the glacial periods and barriers for preventing species dispersal after the glacial periods. More studies are required to further test this refugia hypothesis by comparing more cold‐tolerent and warm‐tolerent species.     

甘肃省兴隆山区域丛枝菌根真菌多样性初探

本研究采用Illumina HiSeq分子测序技术,探究了兴隆山东山丛枝菌根(Arbuscular mycorrhizal,AM)真菌多样性及其在不同海拔高度的分布特征.结果表明:1)自兴隆山东山土壤分离获得AM真菌共52种,隶属于4目8科13属,其中球囊霉属(Glomus)和原囊霉属(Archaeospora)为主要...     

中国拟犁沟茧蜂属一新种记述(膜翅目:茧蜂科:软节茧蜂亚科)(英文)

报道了我国云南西双版纳发现的拟犁沟茧蜂属Aulosaphoides一新种——版纳拟犁沟茧蜂A.bannaensis,sp.nov.,并建立了该属中国已知4种的分种检索表.新种模式标本保存于福建农林大学植物保护学院益虫研究室.     

Beaver (Castor canadensis) as a surrogate species for conserving anuran amphibians on boreal streams in Alberta, Canada

We explored the use of beaver (Castor canadensis) as a surrogate species for amphibian conservation on small (1st-4th-order) streams in the Boreal Foothills of west-central Alberta. Anuran call surveys indicated that beaver create breeding habitat for the boreal chorus frog (Pseudacris maculata), wood frog (Rana sylvatica) and western toad (Bufo boreas). No calling males of any species were recorded on unobstructed streams. Wood frog, the most abundant species, exhibited high rates of juvenile recruitment on beaver ponds. Pitfall traps captured more wood frogs on beaver ponds versus unobstructed streams, and most individuals (84%) were young-of-year. Abundance of young-of-year was strongly correlated with percent landscape occupied by beaver ponds indicating that anurans captured along streams originated in beaver ponds. Based on a novel combination of a digital elevation model and aerial photographs examined with GIS, statistical models showed that the probability of beaver pond occurrence on streams was positively associated with stream order and dependent on the interacting effects of distance to nearest forestry cutblock and availability of beaver foods (Populus spp.). We propose that the distribution and abundance of beaver ponds could be determined over large areas quickly and inexpensively by remote sensing and used to identify and monitor amphibian habitat, and possibly, populations. This work establishes the pre-eminence of beaver-created wetlands as amphibian habitat in the Boreal Foothills and that the incorporation of dam-building patterns into forest management strategies could aid amphibian conservation.     

河南秃疮花属一新种及其核型

本文发表了河南产秃疮花属一新种,河南秃疮花Dicranostigma henanensis S.Y.Wang et L.H.Wu。分析了该新种的核型,其核型公式为K(2n)=2x=12=6m(2SAT) 2sm 2st 2T。第一对染色体具随体,有时不明显。核型的不对称性为2B型。     

陌上菅对三种禾本科植物的化感潜势研究

为探究长江中下游通江湖泊消落带优势种陌上菅的占优机制,以3种湿地常见的禾本科植物黑麦草、狗牙根、虉草作为受体植物,探讨了陌上菅对消落带常见禾本科伴生种的化感潜势。采用培养皿发芽试验和苗期盆栽试验,分析陌上菅浸提液对受试植物种子萌发、幼苗形态指标、抗氧化酶活性以及丙二醛含量的影响。结果表明:与对照(CK)相比,陌上菅浸提液显著抑制了3种受体植物种子的发芽率、发芽势以及胚根胚芽的生长。100 g·L^-1陌上菅叶片甲醇浸提液和水浸提液处理对3种受体植物发芽率的抑制率均高于95%。相同浓度条件下,陌上菅甲醇浸提液对种子萌发的抑制作用高于水浸提液。陌上菅显著影响了黑麦草和虉草幼苗生长发育。陌上菅浸提液处理下,黑麦草和虉草的根叶比相较CK显著降低(P<0.05),两种受体植物根系和叶片中的丙二醛(MDA)含量随浸提液浓度升高而升高。黑麦草超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性呈先升后降趋势。综上所述,陌上菅对3种禾本科植物萌发以及黑麦草和虉草幼苗生长均具有一定的抑制作用,其中虉草对陌上菅浸提液响应最敏感。陌上菅对3种伴生禾本科植物的化感潜势可能是导致陌上菅成为优势种群的原因之一。     

广西桉树林取代马尾松林对植物多样性的影响

对广西钦州市马尾松林和巨尾桉人工林的植物多样性开展研究,旨在阐明桉树林取代马尾松林对植物多样性和植物功能群的影响,促进对桉树人工林的科学认知。研究表明,采伐马尾松林种植桉树后10年,在1 800 m2样地内,桉树林的物种数为95～98种（木本植物50种,藤本17～19种,草本24～28种）,而马尾松林为63～88种（木本植物32～48种,藤本13～24种,草本16种）,两类林分的木本、藤本和总物种数差异不显著（P为0.237～0.937）,而草本植物差异显著（P=0.038）,表明桉树林取代马尾松林将显著增加草本植物的物种丰富度。桉树林取代马尾松林对铁芒萁有显著的负效应,重要值减少50%（P=0.077）,而对五节芒（P=0.057）和东方乌毛蕨（P=0.079）有显著的正效应,重要值提高0.85～3.76倍。桉树林和马尾松林木本植物的Shannon Wiener指数(H′)、Simpson指数(D)和均匀度指数(Jsw)差异不显著（P为0.299～0.957）,而草本植物的H′、D和Jsw差异极显著（P≤0.002）。桉树林取代马尾松林对群落的物种多样性和功能群具有显著的影响,然而,桉树人工林建立过程中采取的采伐、炼山、整地、施肥等措施是导致群落物种多样性和功能群变化的主要原因。