噬菌体在水产品安全控制中的应用研究进展

由病原菌引起的水产品食源性疾病易引发重大公共卫生安全问题,因此控制病原菌生长至关重要。抗生素的滥用使水产品病原菌产生耐药性,因此需要寻求另一种安全有效的方法来代替抗生素,抑制病原菌。噬菌体因其能特异性裂解病原菌而受到广泛关注,被认为是最有前途的生物抑菌剂。本文在介绍噬菌体定义与作用机制的基础上,综述了噬菌体对副溶血性弧菌、沙门氏菌、溶藻弧菌与霍乱弧菌等致病菌抑制作用的研究进展,提出噬菌体应用中存在的主要问题与解决办法,并对其未来发展前景予以展望,以期为噬菌体在水产品安全控制中的研究与应用提供理论参考。     

Therapeutic Potential of Marine Bioactive Peptides against Human Immunodeficiency Virus: Recent Evidence,Challenges, and Future Trends

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a chronic and potentially fatal ailment caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and remains a major health problem worldwide. In recent years, the research focus has shifted to a greater emphasis on complementing treatment regimens involving conventional antiretroviral (ARV) drug therapies with novel lead structures isolated from various marine organisms that have the potential to be utilized as therapeutics for the management of HIV-AIDS. The present review summarizes the recent developments regarding bioactive peptides sourced from various marine organisms. This includes a discussion encompassing the potential of these novel marine bioactive peptides with regard to antiretroviral activities against HIV, preparation, purification, and processing techniques, in addition to insight into the future trends with an emphasis on the potential of exploration and evaluation of novel peptides to be developed into effective antiretroviral drugs.     

基于WebGIS的水生动物病害监测系统

以WebGIS为基础,结合水产养殖病害方面的数据,实现了水生动物病害的可视化显示、病害查询及病害趋势图分析的水生动物病害监测系统的建设。     

水产品中氯霉素残留量的检测报告

采用乙酸乙酯提取试样中的氯霉素,然后将乙酸乙酯蒸发至干,用正己烷净化,再用乙酸乙酯提取氯霉素并进无水硫酸钠脱水,经C-18小柱净化。硅烷化后用微池电子捕获器的气相色谱仪进行测定,外标法定量。结果表明,高效液相色谱法检测氯霉素是一种灵敏度较高,可靠性较强的方法,此法重复性好,假阳性少,可以进行定量鉴定。     

日本水产资源管理及其对我国的启示

简要回顾了水产资源管理的历史,侧重对日本水产资源管理的基本法律、理念及基本手法进行了总结分析,从中得出日本作为较早对水产资源实行保护和管理的国家,其管理体系、基本方法等方面的经验,值得我国水产资源管理制度建设借鉴。     

A Critical Review on Superchilling Preservation Technology in Aquatic Product

aquatic product, known as one of the good resources for white meat, has been widely accepted by the consumers due to its high protein, low fat, especially low cholesterol. With the fast development of living standards around the world, the consumer demands for high quality, nutrition, safety and freshness of ifshery food are increasing. Thus, high efifcient preservation technologies for aquatic products become particularly important. Superchilling is one of the controlled-temperature preservation technologies for seafood. Aquatic products can be kept in better quality under superchilling conditions. This review introduced the principle and development of superchilling process, mainly focusing on research progresses and technical dififculties of superchilling. The growth mechanism of ice crystals and the feasibility of application of computational lfuid dynamics in analyzing the temperatures variation and ice crystals during superchilling progress were also discussed, which will provide theoretical foundation for its improvement and application.     

黄芩对7种水产动物病原菌的体外抑菌活性研究

采用纸片扩散法和二倍稀释法,利用黄芩水提液对副溶血弧菌、嗜水气单胞菌、鳗弧菌、哈维氏弧菌、温和气单胞菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌进行最低抑菌质量浓度和最低杀菌浓度的测定。试验结果表明,黄芩对鳗弧菌、嗜水气单胞菌、副溶血弧菌和金黄色葡萄球菌有较强的抑菌效果,最低抑菌质量浓度均为15.63 mg/ml,最低杀菌质量浓度分别为31.25、15.63、31.25、31.25 mg/ml;黄芩对大肠杆菌、温和气单胞菌和哈维氏弧菌的抑菌效果弱于副溶血弧菌、嗜水气单胞菌、鳗弧菌、金黄色葡萄球菌,最低抑菌质量浓度分别为31.25、62.51、31.25 mg/ml,最低杀菌质量浓度分别为62.5、62.5、125 mg/ml。     

旅游水产品品牌个性的构建——以浙江舟山旅游水产品为例

旅游产品是旅游业中一个非常重要的组成部分,旅游产品经营的好坏,是衡量其旅游业是否趋于成熟的重要标志。特点鲜明、富有个性的旅游产品,不仅会给旅游区带来丰厚的经济效益,而且还能够提升旅游目的地的声誉和知名度。但是由于观念上的落后,很多企业旅游产品的经营者只重视质量,在很大程度上限制了旅游产品品牌个性的发展。文章以旅游水产品为例,从品牌个性构建角度出发,分析了影响品牌个性的因素,并从八个方面结合水产品的个性,提出如何构建旅游水产品品牌个性,为水产品企业经营者提供品牌建设思路。     

Pollination of chasmogamous flowers and the effects of light and emergence time on chasmogamy and cleistogamy in Monochoria vaginalis

Monochoria vaginalis is one of the most serious weeds of rice fields in Asia. The species has both chasmogamous (CH) and cleistogamous (CL) flowers on individual plants. The objective of this study is to clarify the reproductive characteristics that affect the selfing rate of M. vaginalis. An emasculation experiment revealed that the CH flowers emasculated just after flower opening produced seeds. The seed production in the flowers emasculated just after flower opening was less than that of the flowers emasculated and hand‐pollinated with pollen from another plant. These results indicate that, although self‐pollination before anthesis occurs, cross‐pollination also can produce seeds. An experimental manipulation of light and the emergence time of the plants revealed that more than half of the flowers produced were CL flowers and the CH/CL ratio decreased with reduced light availability. The plants that emerged later produced as many CH flowers as those that emerged earlier. There was no significant difference between the CH and CL flowers in the seed number per fruit and the seed mass. These results suggest that M. vaginalis has reproductive characteristics that make the selfing rate high; however, outcrossing also can occur. Under favorable light intensity conditions, such as on the edges of paddy fields or in fallow fields, M. vaginalis will produce more CH flowers and will have a higher outcrossing rate than in shaded conditions.     

水产遗传育种与水产种业发展战略研究

种业是农业发展的基础,振兴种业是保障国家粮食安全的核心要素,也是保障国家安全的重要举措。种业发展涉及政策、技术和市场等多种因素。我国水产遗传育种技术发展日新月异,但与《种业振兴行动方案》提出的要求尚有差距。本文从育种技术研究、发展与应用等角度阐述了我国水产遗传育种技术发展现状,对照《种业振兴行动方案》提出的目标与任务,从种质资源保护与利用、育种技术创新、种业生产体系建设和种苗监管等方面分析了我国水产育种技术发展存在的短板,认为我国水产养殖用种总体有保障、风险可管控,也存在国内种质资源丰富但遗传改良率不高、科研育种成果多但转化效率不高、种业企业多但核心竞争力不强等3个主要问题。针对短板,本文提出加强种质资源挖掘保存与创新利用技术研究、加强现代育种技术特别是新种质创制的研究及应用、加强生产体系技术标准化应用、加强育种技术商业化应用研究、加强种业市场监管技术支撑等建议,以期为我国水产育种技术创新攻关及种业发展政策制定提供参考。