3种湿地植物克隆生长及其生物量对不同水淹的响应

通过人工模拟水位控制试验,研究不同水位梯度处理对3种水生植物梭鱼草、菖蒲和黄花鸢尾株高、克隆分株数、生物量积累及生物量分配格局的影响。试验设置固定水位和周期波动水位2种处理,固定水位分别为自由水面淹没苗钵的1/2 (低水位),全淹（中水位）和高出苗钵上口径12cm（高水位）3个梯度;波动水位为低水位处理14d,然后转至高水位处理7 d,以此往复循环,持续56d。结果表明：不同水位梯度对3种水生植物的株高、克隆分株数、生物量积累与分配格局等指标均有显著影响(P<005);株高、克隆分株数（黄花鸢尾除外）在波动水位处理下均显著高于固定水位（P<005）,固定水位中的高水位和波动水位处理后梭鱼草根状茎、叶和根生物量均显著高于中水位和低水位梯度。波动水位和固定水位中的高水位处理仅对菖蒲的叶质量有显著影响,且明显高于中水位和低水位。黄花鸢尾各构件生物量在各水位处理中无显著差异（P>005）。综合来看,波动水位更有利于3种水生植物种群的建立。     

Risks to the aquatic ecosystem from the application of Metarhizium anisopliae for locust control in Australia

Laboratory tests of Metarhizium anisopliae var acridum Driver & Milner, at a dose of 1.3 x 10(6) conidia ml-1, had no adverse effects on nymphs of mayfly, Ulmerophlebia sp or 8-week-old fry of the rainbow fish, Melanotaenia duboulayi Castelnau. This dose was toxic to the cladoceran, Ceriodaphnia dubia Richard, causing 100% mortality in 48 h. When this test was repeated at doses of up to 6.7 x 10(3) conidia ml-1, there was only 5% mortality after 192 h. Spraying of artificial water sources with a very high dose of the fungus as an aqueous spray resulted in 80-130 conidia ml-1 at 15 cm depth in the first 24 h after spraying. The conidia rapidly settled out and were absent from the top 15 cm layer of water after about 50 h. A similar experiment using the oil formulation as used in field control resulted in a 2- to 20-fold lower level of conidia in the water. Finally, sampling actual water sources in spray areas revealed a very low level of contamination of the water, with a maximum mean level of 29 conidia ml-1 in the first 24 h after treatment. Thus the level of conidia likely to enter water during control campaigns is a small fraction of that required to kill cladocerans, the only sensitive non-target organism tested. It is concluded that the biopesticide is very unlikely to pose any hazard to aquatic organisms.     

水产食品特定腐败菌与货架期的预测和延长

Fresh fish and lightly preserved fish products are welcome by the global market, however, they are also among the most perishable food products. The research on specific spoilage organisms (SSO) reveals the spoilage process of aquatic product. This paper reviews the current knowledge (past ten years) on SSO of fresh fish and lightly preserved fish products with particular emphasis on characteristics of SSO and how to apply this concept to determine, predict and extend the shelf life of aquatic product. During storage, the microflora changes owing to different abilities of the microorganisms to tolerate the preservation conditions. SSO is defined as special microorganisms which can increase rapidly during preservation and has the ability to produce off- odours and off- flavours associated with spoilage, and spoilage metabolites. Identification of an SSO relies on comparison of the sensory and chemical characteristics of spoiled product with those of isolates from the spoilage microflora. Generally, the SSO of fresh fish may be a single species or genus, but the ones of lightly preserved fish products will be more complex. One exciting area for use of SSO aims to obtain quantitative knowledge about probable behavior of SSO and their function during the progression of spoilage. Thus mathematical models on the growth of SSO are established to evaluate the quality lost degree of product, which provide a sound information for the rational development of devices to monitor loss of products shelf life. Models for the growth of Pseudomonas spp, S. putrefaciens, P. phosphoreum have been established, and validated for shelf life prediction of seafood successfully. Another application field of SSO intends to develop the techniques to prolong the shelf life of food products by inhibiting SSO targetedly. Targeted inhibition of spoilage bacteria during preservation reduces their growth and results in a significant extension of shelf life in despite of the activity of non - spoilage organisms has not been influenced. Such techniques have been applied in perversion field of fresh fish and lightly preserved fish.     

园艺植物有害生物综合治理刍议

通过对植物检疫、栽培园艺控制技术、生态控制技术、生物控制等技术措施综合分析,表明因地制宜协调运用各种控制措施,实施有害生物的综合治理,可最终达到经济、生态和社会效益的统一。     

南昌市水生观赏植物在园林规划中的应用

水生观赏植物是营造园林水体景观的重要植物材料,它们不仅具有很高的观赏价值,而且还可以净化和改善水质。在当前城市化进程加速、可利用资源不断减少、水生态环境破坏严重的情况下,探讨发挥水生植物群落所形成的景观效果和生态效应,具有深远的意义。江西省水资源丰富,水生植物种类繁多,其中就有不少种类具有很高的观赏价值。近年来,南昌市园林水景建设蓬勃发展,水生观赏植物在水景建设中被广泛应用。本文对南昌市水生观赏植物在园林应用的现状进行了实地跟踪调查,并在此基础上对水生植物造景进行了较为系统的研究,希望为丰富水生植物景观的物种多样性和景观多样性,以及为水生观赏植物的进一步推广应用提供良好的借鉴。     

荧光显微技术在枣疯病病原鉴定中的应用

以易感染枣疯病的阜平大枣为试材，对影响枣疯病病原荧光显微观察的主要因素进行了系统研究。结果表明：苯胺蓝（ａｎｉｌｉｎｅ ｂｌｕｅ）、ＤＡＰＩ（４’，６－ｄｉａｍｉｄｉｎｏ－２－ｐｈｅｎｙｌｉｎｄｏｌｅ·２ＨＣＩ）和阿的平（ｑｕｉｎａｃｒｉｎｅ）３种荧光染料均可用于枣疯病病原鉴定，其中以ＤＡＰＩ效果最佳。ＤＡＰＩ用于定性分析的是了适浓度为０．３μｇ·ｍＬ＾－１，用于定量分析的最适浓度为１．０μｇ·ｍ     

深圳坝光银叶树湿地园林木有害生物调查及防控

对坝光银叶树Heritiera littoralis 湿地园开展有害生物调查,收集并鉴定有害生物72 种,其中有害杂草5 种、寄生植物2 种、病害20 种、虫害45 种。红火蚁Solenopsis invicta 和薇甘菊Mikania micrantha 属于外来入侵检疫性有害生物,八点广翅蜡蝉Ricania speculum 在公园内危害严重,对主要有害生物应加强预测预报、及时防治。     

4种水生植物对水体水质的影响

以长沙地区现有水生植物就观赏性进行调查分析,采集黄菖蒲、荸荠、海寿花、绶草进行50 d的观察测定,分析这4种水生植物对供试水体的色度,含氧量,以及氮、磷含量的影响。结果表明:4种水生植物水体中DO的含量为荸荠>绶草>黄菖蒲>海寿花;水体浊度为绶草>荸荠>黄菖蒲>海寿花;水中TP含量为绶草>黄菖蒲>海寿花>荸荠;水中TN含量为绶草>荸荠>海寿花>黄菖蒲。种植4种水生植物的水体pH值在7.5~8.5之间。黄菖蒲和海寿花的长势比另外两种植物的好,海寿花水体浊度最低,景观效果最明显。     

邯郸市草本水生植物园林应用评价指标体系的构建及评价

根据邯郸市草本水生植物的资源现状及应用特点,选用5项指标：观赏价值（G）;生育周期（S）;扩展度（K）;生长势（Z）;适应性（X）;采用公式Y=0．4G＋0．1S＋0．2K＋0．1Z＋0．2X对邯郸市5种类型共计27科46属62种草本水生植物进行综合评价,筛选出园林应用表现优良、良好、一般的草本水生植物分别为22种、17种、23种;为邯郸市及周边地区草本水生植物在园林中的应用提供了理论和实践依据。