菜用睡莲营养成分及重金属含量测定与评价

对绿梗菜用睡莲(Nymphaea tetragona)及红梗菜用睡莲的15营养成分和4种重金属含量进行了测定与评价。结果表明,1与104~140种(品种)新鲜蔬菜已知数据比较,绿梗和红梗菜用睡莲均有较高含量的维生素C、钠及较低含量的干物质、蛋白质、钾、钙、镁、铜、锌、磷及硒;绿梗菜用睡莲有较高含量的粗纤维、锰及较低含量的铁,红梗菜用睡莲有较高含量的铁及较低含量的粗纤维。2菜用睡莲是一种含钠量较高的蔬菜。3绿梗菜用睡莲营养成分含量总体高于红梗菜用睡莲。4湖北产区菜用睡莲的铅、砷、镉及汞等重金属含量符合食品安全国家标准的规定。     

水产品进出口贸易对渔业经济增长的影响——基于沿海地区的面板数据实证分析

随着沿海地区经济的不断发展,沿海地区渔业和水产品进出口贸易的发展取得了巨大的成就。以我国沿海地区11个省市2003—2007年的水产品进出口贸易额、固定资产投资额、渔业劳动力和渔业经济产值数据为样本,采用出口扩展型生产函数模型,运用面板数据进行实证分析。实证结果表明:沿海地区各省市水产品出口、进口都对渔业经济增长有正向的拉动作用,且拉动作用的趋势相同。     

Risks to the aquatic ecosystem from the application of Metarhizium anisopliae for locust control in Australia

Laboratory tests of Metarhizium anisopliae var acridum Driver & Milner, at a dose of 1.3 x 10(6) conidia ml-1, had no adverse effects on nymphs of mayfly, Ulmerophlebia sp or 8-week-old fry of the rainbow fish, Melanotaenia duboulayi Castelnau. This dose was toxic to the cladoceran, Ceriodaphnia dubia Richard, causing 100% mortality in 48 h. When this test was repeated at doses of up to 6.7 x 10(3) conidia ml-1, there was only 5% mortality after 192 h. Spraying of artificial water sources with a very high dose of the fungus as an aqueous spray resulted in 80-130 conidia ml-1 at 15 cm depth in the first 24 h after spraying. The conidia rapidly settled out and were absent from the top 15 cm layer of water after about 50 h. A similar experiment using the oil formulation as used in field control resulted in a 2- to 20-fold lower level of conidia in the water. Finally, sampling actual water sources in spray areas revealed a very low level of contamination of the water, with a maximum mean level of 29 conidia ml-1 in the first 24 h after treatment. Thus the level of conidia likely to enter water during control campaigns is a small fraction of that required to kill cladocerans, the only sensitive non-target organism tested. It is concluded that the biopesticide is very unlikely to pose any hazard to aquatic organisms.     

水产饲料环保特性评价体系的初步构建

利用筛绢吊篓、烧杯、水浴锅等,于实验室内模拟水产养殖生产条件,分别测定了20℃和30℃水温下豆粕、鱼粉入水后的干物质溶失率、粗蛋白溶失量以及水质化学耗氧量、氨氮含量,对这两种蛋白饲料原料的环保特性进行了比较和评估,进而以设备条件、测定方法、测定指标等为主要内容,初步构建了水产饲料环保特性的评价体系。     

谷氨酰胺对水生动物的抗氧化作用及其机理

文章主要综述了谷氨酰胺(glutamine, Gln)对水生动物的抗氧化作用及其机理,旨在深入理解、研究、利用和调控Gln在水生动物上的抗氧化作用,提高水生动物的健康水平,促进生长和发育,发展可持续的渔业.     

Uptake and translocation of non-ionised pesticides in the emergent aquatic plant parrot feather Myriophyllum aquaticum

The uptake of four (14)C-labelled non-ionised compounds, the methyl carbamoyloxime insecticide/nematicide oxamyl and three model phenylureas, from solution by rooted stems of the aquatic plant parrot feather [Myriophyllum aquaticum (Vell.) Verdc], together with translocation to the emergent shoots, was measured over periods of 24 and 48 h. Uptake into the submerged tissues of roots and stem base could be ascribed to two processes: movement into the aqueous phase of cells and then partitioning onto the plant solids. This latter process was related to lipophilicity (as measured by the l-octanol/water partition coefficient, K(ow)) and gave rise to high uptake rates of the most lipophilic compounds. Translocation to shoots was passive and was optimal at log K(ow) approximately 1.8, at which the efficiency of translocation of compound was about 40% of that of water. This optimum log K(ow) was identical to that observed previously in barley, although the translocation efficiency was somewhat less in parrot feather. Solvation parameters were applied to model uptake and translocation of a set of ten compounds by barley with the particular objective of understanding why translocation efficiency is lower at log K(ow) > 1.8.     

海产品中溴酚类海洋风味素的气相色谱—质谱联用分析

建立了海产品中的溴酚类海洋风味素的毛细管气相色谱-质谱联用检测法。样品中溴酚类化合物在挥发油测定器中用乙酸乙酯通过循环蒸馏萃取,浓缩后用电子轰击源在特征离子碎片扫描检测模式下进行检测。结果表明,5种溴酚类化合物在SBP-50柱上得到良好的分离,色谱出峰尖锐,没有杂峰干扰。本方法在2.5～40 mg·L~(-1)浓度范围内线性关系良好,最低检测限低于1ng·mL~(-1)。当向25.00g样品中添加溴苯酚各2.0μg时,平均回收率分别达到90.45％(2-BP)、60.49％(4-BP)、85.79％(2,4-DBP)、84.98％(2,6-DBP)、90.80％(2,4,6-TBP),标准相对偏差为1.37％～4.16％。对市场上销售的几种海洋经济动物测定,溴酚类风味素含量在5.40～31.38 ng·g~(-1)范围内,而所测得的淡水青虾中溴酚类风味素含量只有0.18 ng·g~(-1)。     

云南省水生生物保护区现状及保护建议

云南省水生生物资源丰富,并有大量的土著种和特有种。近年来,由于水环境破坏、滥捕酷鱼等因素影响,导致很多物种处于濒危甚至灭绝的险境。至2013年底,云南省有各级水生生物自然保护区17个,水产种质资源保护区18个,但相对于境内丰富的水生生物和极其严重的水生生物生存状况而言,水生生物的保护工作任重而道远。藉此,提出增加保护区面积,加强管理,积极治理与修复水环境,建立、健全法律法规,加大对水生生物多样性和保育的研究,建立物种基因库等保护建议。     

海洋环境变化对水产品贸易影响的实证研究——以浙江省为例

浙江省作为沿海省份,随着其工业经济的快速发展和人民生活需求的提高,一方面工业企业向环境排放了大量的污染物,使得污染物最终流入大海,从而破坏了水产品的生长环境;另一方面由于人均可支配收入的增加,人们加大了对水产品的消费需求。近年来浙江省海洋环境形势严峻,其好坏直接影响到水产品贸易的发展。文章拟从分析工业发展和城市化引起的海洋污染入手,着重阐明海洋环境的好坏与水产品出口的关系,并提出发展水产品贸易的对策建议。