A COMPARISON OF ALFAXALONE AND TRICAINE METHANESULPHONATE (MS-222) IN TWO FISH SPECIES

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the alfaxalone formulation Alfaxan? as an immersion anesthetic in tropical fish species compared to that of tricaine methanesulfonate (MS-222). 22 black spot barbs (Puntius filamentosis) measuring (mean±SD) 11.4 ±1.4 cm in body length and 22 peacock cichlids (Aulonocara spp.) (measuring 8.4 ± 1.6cm were anesthetized in water baths containing 100 mg/L of MS-222 buffered with 200 mg/L of bicarbonate or 5 mg/L of alfaxalone following a 2-week washout period. Time to maximum effect, recovery periods, self-righting, spontaneous swimming movements, opercular movements, and response to noxious stimuli were recorded. The following results are for the black spot barbs following MS-222 and alfaxalone anesthesia, respectively: mean times (±SD) to surgical anesthesia were 5.5 ± 2.11 and 3.27 ± 1.72 minutes and mean recovery times were 2.95 ± 0.9 and 9.14 ± 3.15 minutes. The peacock cichlid anesthetic protocols for MS-222 (20 of 22 cichlids) and alfaxalone (20 of 21 cichlids) produced the following results, respectively: mean times (±SD) to surgical anesthesia were 14.75 ±5.43 and 11.1 ± 9.84 minutes and mean recovery times were 3.6 ±0.82 and 22.4 ±11.3 minutes. Median recovery time from 5 mg/L alfaxalone was significantly longer (P < 0.001) in both species, by 5 minutes for black spot barbs and by 17 minutes for peacock cichlids. Variation in induction and recovery times between species was observed, with black spot barbs having significantly (P < 0.0001) faster induction times when treated with both drugs, and a faster recovery time from 5 mg/L alfaxalone.     

Effects of freshwater crayfish on influenza A virus persistence in water

Several investigations have recently assessed the ability of some aquatic invertebrates to act as tools for avian influenza A virus (IAV) surveillance as well as their potential role(s) in IAV ecology. Because of this, as well as the high IAV seroprevalence rates noted in select mesocarnivores that commonly inhabit aquatic and semi‐aquatic habitats, we evaluated the effects that freshwater crayfish have on IAV in water at three dose levels and monitored for the presence of IAV in crayfish tissues (gill and green gland) and haemolymph at multiple time points. At relatively high, medium and low (approximately 10⁴, 10³ and 10² EID₅₀/ml, respectively) doses, mesocosms containing crayfish (Orconectes sp.) had less detectable IAV RNA present when final water samples were assayed (9 days post‐contact [DPC]). In general, containers without crayfish present had nearly three‐fold greater quantities of viral RNA at 9 DPC. A varying number of RNA positive samples were detected for the three crayfish sample types collected. Gill tissue produced the largest number of positive non‐water samples (n = 26), with the highest quantities detected from crayfish sampled on 1 and 4 DPC (10^3.5 EID₅₀ equivalent/ml). On a few occasions, gill (n = 8) and haemolymph samples (n = 1) produced higher quantities of viral RNA than their respective water samples or water samples collected 1–2 DPC earlier, but these differences were typically minor. Based upon water samples, statistical models indicated that the interaction of dose and crayfish exposure days explained most of the variation in these data. Future efforts should address if crayfish exposed to IAV‐laden water have the capacity to successfully transmit IAVs to mammals and birds which frequently prey upon them.     

镉的有机化合物对水产动物影响的研究

本文就有机镉(Cd)的存在形式、毒性、蓄积代谢及检测方法等研究进展进行综述。     

水产品中农药残留检验检测方法研究进展

我国是水产品生产和消费大国,水产品已经成为我国居民获取动物蛋白质的重要来源之一,但是大量不规范使用农药使得农作物和水源被污染,被污染的农作物和水源再将残留的农药富集到水产品中,从而造成水产品中农药的残留。水产品的质量安全对国民身体健康至关重要。本文着重介绍水产品农药残留检测方法的研究进展,突出分析水产品中农药残留的前处理方法。通过比较,认为采用乙腈作为提取剂的固相萃取前处理方法及气相色谱检测方法更能有效检测水产品中的农药残留物质。     

Fishing for health: Do the world’s national policies for fisheries and aquaculture align with those for nutrition?

Aquatic foods are rich in micronutrients essential to human health, and fisheries and aquaculture are increasingly recognized for their capacity to contribute to reducing global micronutrient deficiencies and diet-based health risks. Whether fisheries and aquaculture sector and public health nutrition policies align to meet this goal, however, is unclear. Do fisheries and aquaculture policies have explicit nutrition and public health objectives? Do public health nutrition policies recognize the contribution of aquatic foods? Using content analysis, we assessed the alignment of objectives in national fisheries and public health nutrition policies. We further determined conditions associated with varying levels of cohesion among policies in these sectors or domains. We found that 77 of 158 national fisheries policies identified nutrition as a key objective in the sector, and 68 of 165 public health nutrition policies identified the importance of fish and shellfish consumption as key objectives. More recent policies were associated with improved coherence among sectors. International organization presence in policy development was also associated with greater coherence. Countries with higher overweight prevalence had fisheries and public health nutrition policies that were not aligned. There has been a promising recent trend for improved alignment of objectives between fisheries and public health nutrition policies, but more targeted and systematic policy approaches are needed to realize the potential contribution of nutrient-rich fish and shellfish to healthier food systems.     

水产品加工中蛋白酶的应用研究

蛋白酶是催化肽键水解的一群酶类,在水产品加工中应用广泛。对低值水产品以及水产副产品的综合加工中蛋白酶的应用进行了初步探讨,分析了如何更有效地开发利用蛋白酶资源。     

大豆蛋白制品在食品方面的利用

大豆是我们所熟悉的农作物，播种广泛，大豆蛋白质丰富，而且蛋白质质量高为此把大豆蛋白制品应用到各类食品当中，使得食品的营养、色泽及质量等方面有所提高和改善。     

富营养化水体的物理-生态修复技术发展综述

随着人口的急剧膨胀和工农业的迅速发展，大量生活污水和工农业废水所引起的水体富营养化已引起人们的普遍关注，而水体物理-生态修复技术是目前一条创新的治理技术路线。物理-生态修复技术是利用培育的植物（包括浮游植物如藻类和大型水生植物等）、培养和接种的微生物、水生动物（如浮游动物水蚤和螺蚌鱼类等）的生命活动对水中污染物进行转移、转化及降解，从而使水体得到净化的技术。通过对该技术的发展综述，强调了人与自然和谐相处的治污思路对水生生态系统快速恢复的重大现实意义。     

水产动物蛋氨酸的需要量研究进展

蛋氨酸是水产动物的必需氨基酸之一,在机体代谢中起着重要的作用。本文总结了近年来水产动物上蛋氨酸需要量的一些研究结果。     

充分发挥试验站平台功能，优化水产科学专业实践教学环节的改革与实践

为了在有限的教学时间内保证水产科学专业学生更好地完成4门课程连续6周集中教学实习任务,帮助和引导学生相关知识和技能,提高教学效果,对水产科学专业2010年、2011年两年来4门课程连续6周集中教学实习环节从创新实践教学方式、创新实践教学内容、改进实践教学方法、创设实践教学条件、丰富学生实习生活等方面进行了必要的改革实践。文章对水产科学专业实践教学环节改革的主要措施和成效进行了简要论述。