放牧强度对混播草地群落数量特征的影响(简报)

放牧强度对人工草地群落数量特征的影响,国内外学者已有报道^[1~2],而有关青藏高原的研究则很少^[3]。Reategui^[4]认为,载畜量增大将使丛生禾草向矮生禾草演替,而导致草地退化。另外,放牧强度对植物群落组成和生物多样性也有很大影响,随着放牧强度的增加,一些适口性高、再生性强、不耐牧的种类减少,而适口性差、耐牧的种类增多^[5]。本试验研究放牧强度对垂穗披碱草(Elymus nutans)/星星草(Puccinellia tenuflora)混播草地群落数量特征的影响,旨在为人工草地的放牧利用提供科学依据。     

Phytomass estimation using eMODIS NDVI and ground data in arid rangelands of Morocco

The assessment of rangeland productivity in semi-extensively grazed arid rangelands is a prerequisite for livestock management in relation to sustainable use of pastoral resources. The objective of this study was to assess rangeland productivity based on normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI) images. Data on phytomass were measured on 61 field samples in arid rangelands of Morocco, covering various rangeland categories during autumn (November) and spring (April), i.e. when phytomass is at low and high levels, respectively, for two consecutive years (2008 and 2009). Dekadal EROS Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (eMODIS) NDVI data were linearly regressed to field measurements for these four periods. Results show that phytomass values were correlated with NDVI during spring, with R² and RMSE values of 0.82 and 0.3 t ha^?1, respectively. This study indicates there is a high potential for operational use of remotely sensed data to estimate rangeland phytomass of semi-extensively grazed rangelands.     

A recombinant-based ELISA evaluating the efficacy of netobimin and albendazole in ruminants with naturally acquired fascioliasis

The therapeutic efficacy of albendazole and netobimin in ruminants with naturally occurring fascioliasis was investigated using a recombinant-based ELISA. The variation in the IgG response against a 2.9-kDa recombinant protein (FhrAPS), termed efficacy index (EI) 1, and the egg-output changes, termed EI 2, were used to evaluate drug efficacy.The values of EI 1 ranged between 0% and 50% in sheep, and between 0% and 30% in cattle after treatment with albendazole and netobimin. Similar EI 2 values were observed in sheep receiving albendazole or netobimin, but the highest values were found in cattle treated with netobimin. The significant reduction in the IgG response to FhrAPS found in this study shows promise in terms of developing alternative methods for evaluating the efficacy of chemotherapy against Fasciola hepatica in grazing ruminants.     

中华蜜蜂保种(资源)分子生物学评价方法

中华蜜蜂是我国独特的东方蜜蜂遗传资源,具有非常重要的利用与保护价值。随着技术的发展,基于分子生物学的保种手段也逐渐展开。本文详细阐述了蜜蜂保种的重要性,介绍了适用于蜜蜂资源评价的常用遗传标记以及适用于遗传资源保护的评价指标,为中蜂资源保护与利用工作提供理论与实践指导。     

草原综合顺序分类法的新改进：Ⅰ类的划分指标及其分类检索图

根据全国２３５２个气象站３０年以上的气候资料以及其他资料，对草原的综合顺序分类法第一级分类的热量级，湿润度级指标进行了修正，设计了新的分类检索图，将地带性和非地带性的天然草地，以及人工草地的类，纳入到统一的检索图的中，并可进行计算机检索。     

葛根对奶牛脂肪肝细胞生化指标的影响

为探讨葛根对奶牛脂肪肝细胞的作用机制,采用胶原酶二步灌流法分离病牛的肝细胞,并观察细胞形态。用不同浓度的葛根水提物处理肝细胞,生化法检测细胞上清液中丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）活性,并测定细胞裂解液中甘油三酯（TG）、胆固醇（TC）、丙二醛（MDA）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）的活性及含量。结果显示,50、100、500 μg/mL葛根水提物能极显著降低肝细胞中ALT、AST、TG、TC、MDA活性及含量,增加SOD活性（P < 0.01）。葛根水提物能显著改善肝细胞的相关生化指标,其机制可能与调节脂质代谢、抗脂质过氧化作用相关。     

基于TM和ASTER的植被指数建模性能对比

在对TM、ASTER数据进行多种植被指数生成的基础上,结合研究区48个杨树样地的测树因子数据,分别就杨树单位面积蓄积量、杨树平均高和杨树年龄进行了遥感统计建模研究,通过植被指数及其变形式共65个特征对比结果表明,由ASTER数据派生的植被指数中RVI3(0.5)对于上述3个测树因子的估测性能最好,由TM数据导出的植被指数中则是DVI2对上述3个测树因子回归效果最好,从建模性能上分析,ASTER数据生成的植被指数要优于TM数据生成的植被指数。     

日粮添加免疫生长促进剂C96对雏鸡若干血液指标的影响

选择１２０只１日龄ＡＡ商品健康雏鸡,随机分为４组,每组３０只。初步观察了日粮添加免疫生长促进剂Ｃ９６对血液中红细胞总数（ＲＢＣ）、比容（ＰＣＶ）、血红蛋白含量（Ｈｂ）、网织红细胞比例（ＲＣＣ）、白细胞总数（ＷＢＣ）等的影响。结果表明：肉雏鸡在１５ｄ时,日粮添加Ｃ９６为１１ｍｇ／ｋｇ,饲料的Ｃ９６组和疫苗－Ｃ９６组,与对照组和疫苗组比较,ＲＢＣ和Ｈｂ增高,ＷＢＣ显著下降,ＲＣＣ降低,ＰＣＶ无明显规律性变化;３０ｄ和４５ｄ时,添加Ｃ９６组和疫苗－Ｃ９６组的ＲＢＣ、Ｈｂ和ＰＣＶ,与对照组和疫苗组基本相近,ＷＢＣ和ＲＣＣ均比对照组和疫苗组低或明显低。但３０ｄ时疫苗组的ＷＢＣ比对照组高。整个试验期,ＲＢＣ、ＷＢＣ和ＰＣＶ随日龄的增长呈上升趋势,ＲＣＣ呈波动性下降。     

The effect of different food types and rations on the liver and muscle of cod (Gadus morhua L.)

In a short time feeding experiment it was shown that the liver weight of cod was significantly reduced in prawn-fed cod compared to sand-eel-fed cod. The dry weight and the protein content of the muscle were not significantly reduced. It is concluded that short time energy deprivation of cod primarily affects the liver. The results futher support the view that the food type and ration of cod can produce anomalous effects in field studies of e.g. parasite induced liver weight decrease in cod.