红壤资源信息系统及其初步应用

Red soil is a very important soil resource in southern China. However, due to being simultaneously of high productive potentialities and severely degraded, it needs harnessing urgently. Red Soil Resource Information System (RSRIS) based on remote sensing and geographic information system (GIST plays an important role in survey, evaluation, utilization and management of red soil resource. RSRIS of Cauzhou City, Zhejiang Province (1:250000) and RSRIS of Longyou County, Zhejiang Province (1:50000) have been made respectively on SUN SPARC station and using ARC/INFO. This paper introduces the system design, database creation and system functions, and it particularly focuses on developing applied models, such as red soil resource division and mapping, suitability evaluation, erosion risk evaluation, plant utilization zone etc. The problems on study of RSRIS and its developing strategy are also discussed.     

不同施肥条件对土池培育小球藻总脂含量及脂肪酸组成的影响

以辽宁盘锦光合蟹业有限公司养殖基地为试验场所,研究施以3种肥料(化肥、鸡肥、化肥与鸡肥的混和肥)对土池培育小球藻的主要营养指标——脂质含量和脂肪酸组成的影响。试验结果表明,施混合肥所培养的小球藻,其藻细胞密度略高于化肥组和鸡肥组;混合肥组小球藻的脂质含量(鲜质量的5.36%)也高于化肥组(鲜质量的4.02%)和鸡肥组(鲜质量的2.89%);混合肥组小球藻的多不饱和脂肪酸和高度不饱和脂肪酸的含量显著优于单一施化肥或鸡肥的小球藻。因此,在土池中施混合肥更有利于培育出高质量的小球藻。     

Activity pattern of the marine shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone 1931) in laboratory as a function of different feeding frequencies

Management practices on most Brazilian shrimp farms have resulted in high expenses for producers and damage to the environment. Applied ethology could provide information on the pattern of shrimp activity, enabling more efficient feeding frequencies. Behavioural activities of the shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei were recorded during different feeding frequencies. The shrimp were kept in aquariums on a 12:12 h light/dark cycle. They were fed commercial ration three (at 6:00, 12:00 and 18:00 hours), four (at 6:00, 10:00, 14:00 and 18:00 hours) or seven times per day (at 6:00. 8:00, 10:00, 12:00, 14:00, 16:00 and 18:00 hours). We observed animals at 15 min^?1 aquarium^?1 time periods, recording feeding, substrate exploration, swimming and inactivity. Feeding and exploration were the highest for shrimp fed three times per day, swimming was greatest when animals received four feedings, whereas inactivity was higher for shrimp fed seven times per day. There was greater food ingestion between 12:00 and 14:00 hours for animals fed three and four times per day, whereas swimming was high mainly at 18:00 hours for shrimp fed three and seven times per day. The results indicate higher forage‐related activities (exploration/ingestion) when feed was offered three or four times, suggesting optimization in the pattern of shrimp activities based on these feeding frequencies.     

不同施氮条件下甜菜RuBP羧化酶活性与产质量关系的研究

对不同施氮条件下甜菜ＲｕＢＰ羧化酶活性进行了研究,结果表明：各施氮处理ＲｕＢＰ羧化酶活性都是苗期最低,随生育进程逐渐升高,到糖分积累期又呈羧化酶活性高峰出现时间不同,Ｎ１８０处理在块根增长期,其它处理均在叶丛形成期;苗期施氮量与ＲｕＢＰ羧化酶活性呈显著正相关,其它各处理相关不显著。     

潢川地区紫云英绿肥翻压对土壤肥力、水稻产量及经济效益的影响

为研究潢川地区紫云英翻压还田与化肥减量配施对土壤肥力、水稻产量及经济效益的影响。本试验分别在潢川县伞陂镇和黄寺岗镇两个具有代表性的试验点进行田间小区试验,共设6个处理,以筛选出紫云英还田与化肥的最佳施肥配比。紫云英与不同量的化肥配施,均能明显提高土壤有机质、容重及土壤中氮、磷、钾等养分的有效性,同时对水稻的株高、穗长、亩穗数等经济学性状也有明显提升作用。且紫云英翻压与100%常规施肥配施,稻谷产量最高,紫云英翻压与80%常规施肥配施的处理稻谷产量次之。同时,紫云英翻压与100%、80%、60%常规施肥配施,其经济效益均高于常规施肥,尤其是紫云英翻压与80%常规施肥配施的处理,产投比最高,其次是紫云英翻压与100%常规施肥配比。综合考虑稻谷产量、总经济效益、产投比及化肥减量投入来看,紫云英翻压与80%常规施肥配比为最优组合。     

不同播期和施氮量对玉米品种俊达001产量及农艺性状的影响

[目的]在中等肥力大田条件下,研究不同播期和施氮量对俊达001产量及农艺性状的影响。[方法]以玉米品种俊达001为试验材料,研究4个施氮量(225、375、525、675 kg/hm~2)和3个播期(6月2日、6月10日、6月18日)对其农艺性状和产量的影响。[结果]在种植密度67 500株/hm~2条件下,俊达001高产的最适施氮量为525 kg/hm~2,最适播种期为6月2日。[结论]该研究探索出俊达001高产的最佳播期和施氮量,为其高产稳产提供参考。     

滴灌水盐调控施肥灌溉对青海油菜产量及水肥利用的影响

针对青海油菜农业生产对滴灌水肥管理及次生盐渍化防治的需求,布置了5个滴灌施肥灌溉比例(施肥量分别为当地油菜施肥量的10%、30%、50%,70%、90%)对油菜产量及水肥利用影响的田间试验,试验通过控制滴头正下方0.2m处的土壤基质势下限高于-20kPa进行滴灌水盐调控和施肥灌溉。试验结果表明:在青海高寒干旱地区、微咸水灌溉条件下,在滴灌高频灌溉阶段,0~0.4m油菜根系分布层土壤水分、盐分和养分状况良好,但当停止施肥灌溉后,土壤养分含量降低,表层土壤盐分升高,但0.3~1.2m土体盐分基本维持平衡。滴灌高频施肥灌溉有利于提高油菜的产量、肥料利用效率和灌溉水利用效率,并且当施肥比例为当地油菜施肥量的50%左右时,油菜产量高、肥料偏生产力较高。     

Situating and teaching 21st century zoology: revealing pattern in the form and function of animals

The current challenges (increasing levels of integration in the biological sciences) facing the teaching of zoology and the structure of the zoology curriculum are explored herein. General context is provided and a more focused scrutiny of the situation in North America is presented. The changing emphases in more broadly‐based biological sciences programs in North America are outlined, and their influence on the role of zoology as part of fundamental biological training is considered. The longer term impact of such changes in emphasis on the teaching of zoology is discussed, and the central role that zoology can play in dealing with both science content and science education is advanced. Based upon a focal workshop on the future of the zoology curriculum in Canada, a perspective on the challenges facing curriculum evolution is provided. Extensive curriculum redesign is called for to ensure that zoology provides a broad‐scale integrative approach to the understanding of biodiversity in evolutionary, ecological and functional contexts. Barriers to, and drivers of change are identified and the need for collaborative approaches to curricular evolution is emphasized.     

大学生网络道德问题的诊断及调控对策

网络的迅猛发展带来了丰富的资源和交往的便利,也造成部分大学生网络道德情感冷漠、网络道德意识薄弱、网络道德信念缺失及网络道德行为失范等一系列问题。而网络主体、网络外部环境及网络技术是造成网络道德问题的根源。加强大学生的道德教育,构建社会、学校、家庭"三位一体"网络道德教育模式,加快网络信息技术研究,加强网络道德教育监管,强化网络道德规范,是加强大学生网络道德教育的有效措施。     

农林院校“大土木”本科教育若干问题探讨

为了应对竞争日益激烈的教育环境以及解决社会对大学生知识技能新要求的需要,对高校专业调整后土木工程本科教育的培养目标和教育模式进行研究。在综合研究教学反馈和调查资料的基础上,结合农林院校的办学条件和特点,就“大土木”本科教育的专业课程设置和外语教学2个方面进行了分析。分析认为,改革课程设置和重视外语教学是促进土木工程学科发展和毕业生就业的有效措施。