南京市小麦田杂草调查及其防除对策

通过对南京市各县区麦田杂草的系统调查,探讨本地小麦田杂草群落结构及发生规律,调查发现目前南京市小麦田间常见杂草有11科26种,主要杂草有猪殃殃、播娘蒿、看麦娘、荠菜、大巢菜、牛繁缕、婆婆纳、麦家公、野燕麦、泽漆等。并对已有小麦田杂草农业防除配套技术进行了充实和完善。     

Long term fertilization effects on ‘Rio Red’ grapefruit yield and shape on a heavy textured calcareous soil

Fertilizer recommendations for citrus production on heavier textured, calcareous soils increase with the age of the tree up to 168 kg N ha⁻¹ year⁻¹ from a soluble source in one or two applications. Such practices may be inefficient and could cause detrimental effects on fruit quality. A variety of fertilization practices are used in South Texas, and additional evaluation is needed. Rates and sources of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and a commercial program consisting of both a soil component containing organic acids and a foliar component were evaluated on grapefruit production for 6 years. Increasing rate of N application increased leaf nutrient concentration, grapefruit yield, and affected fruit shape as indicated by a decrease in the equatorial:polar diameter (E:P) ratio. Since the response to increasing N application by the E:P ratio was linear while grapefruit yield was quadratic, high N application has a negative effect on fruit shape beyond the level of increasing total yield. Phosphorus application had no effect on any parameter measured, even though soil testing indicated soil P levels were below those at which a P response would be expected. Comparisons between granular 21-0-0 applied broadcast and liquid N-32 injected in a band in the soil at the drip line showed an increase in the number of fruit per tree, but no differences in yield. The ‘Actagro’ program greatly improved available soil P levels and increased the juice brix:acidity ratio, but did not affect grapefruit yield. Phosphorus availability may therefore be a factor in improving grapefruit juice quality. The soil profile within the citrus root zone was found to contain large amounts of inorganic N, but availability of this residual N was limited since yield responses occurred at the N application rates applied in this study. The amount of N contained in the fruit harvested was a small fraction, roughly 5–10%, of the residual amount in the soil. While N uptake in the fruit increased with N fertilizer application, the increase in N taken up relative to the amount applied averaged 42%.     

低碳农业浦东新区设施农业腾飞的翅膀

设施农业是在人为可控制环境下进行的高效农业生产方式。本文阐述了浦东新区设施农业发展现状,分析了浦东新区设施农业发展中存在的问题,指出了解决这些问题,使新区设施农业可持续发展的唯一途径是低碳农业,并提出了适合新区设施农业的低碳农业技术和具体措施。本文旨在促进浦东新区设施农业由高碳经济向低碳经济转型,实现设施农业的可持续发展。     

临沂市水生植物的选择与应用

通过对临沂市常见的水生植物的名称,科属、观赏特征、生长区域、生态习性等方面进行详细地介绍,分析水生植物在临沂市应用存在的问题,根据水生植物的特点提出它在园林应用中的常见形式。     

精准施肥技术的研究现状及在热带作物上的应用前景

精准施肥是当前农业发展的热点,而热带作物产业是我国农业体系的重要组成部分,是热区建设社会主义新农村的重要支撑产业。通过对精准施肥技术概念和研究现状的阐述,提出在我国热带作物产业发展中精准施肥技术的关键问题,并提出了无变量施肥设备的精准施肥。     

Robotic weeders can improve weed control options for specialty crops

Specialty crop herbicides are not a priority for the agrochemical industry, and many of these crops do not have access to effective herbicides. High‐value fruit and vegetable crops represent small markets and high potential liability in the case of herbicide‐induced crop damage. Meanwhile, conventional and organic specialty crop producers are experiencing labor shortages and higher manual weeding costs. Robotic weeders are promising new weed control tools for specialty crops, because they are cheaper to develop and, with fewer environmental and human health risks, are less regulated than herbicides. Now is the time for greater investment in robotic weeders as new herbicides are expensive to develop and few in number, organic crops need better weed control technology and governments are demanding reduced use of pesticides. Public funding of fundamental research on robotic weeder technology can help improve weed and crop recognition, weed control actuators, and expansion of weed science curricula to train students in this technology. Robotic weeders can expand the array of tools available to specialty crop growers. However, the development of robotic weeders will require a broader recognition that these tools are a viable path to create new weed control tools for specialty crops. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry     

广州地区姜目切花新品种推广应用的现状与对策

2005-2007年,在广州地区示范推广10个姜目切花新品种,制定了配套的高产优质栽培技术规程及产品质量等级标准,实施种苗快速繁育.通过示范带动及采用有效的技术服务措施,推广应用174.3 hm<'2>,取得较好的社会、经济效益,提出进一步做好推广应用工作的对策.     

雨树在广州南沙地区的生长表现及应用前景

针对雨树在南沙地区的引种栽植及其6年中生长发育情况表现,对其在南沙的生长适应性进行了比较系统的研究。结果表明：广州因南沙每年出现低温寒潮,雨树在南沙地区的生长是以每年重发新枝的形式进行。每年春季的萌芽发生在前一年未受到伤害的枝条上,以此增加生长量;株形明显比新加坡当地种植的差,甚至成为长不大的苗木,很难体现雨树的“速生”特点,不能形成理想树冠。为此,雨树在广州地区引种、推广和应用,必须慎重。     

节能保质的卷盘式喷灌机双喷枪技术

针对卷盘式喷灌机搭载单喷枪灌溉所需工作压力较高的问题,文中提出使用双喷枪组合灌溉,并对双喷枪与单喷枪在不同工作压力下的移动喷洒水量分布开展试验,对比分析2种喷枪在不同轮灌组合间距下的灌水均匀度.结果表明,双、单喷枪工作压力分别为0.10和0.25 MPa时,其喷洒幅宽分别为45.08和45.60 m, 2种喷枪以1.5倍喷头车喷洒半径组合轮灌时,组合均匀度分别为81.72%和80.36%,喷洒效果基本相同.运用等效年值法,对2种喷枪的初始投资、能耗费和年运行费进行对比发现,此工况下,双喷枪的初始投资、能耗费和年运行费分别为27.45,77.58和105.04元/hm²,单喷枪分别为12.95,193.96和206.91元/hm²,双喷枪初始投资虽略有增加,但能耗费和年运行费较单喷枪分别减小了60.00%和49.23%.因此,使用双喷枪喷洒可在保证喷洒质量的同时,降低工作压力、能耗费和年运行费.     

水稻超高产强化栽培技术体系

介绍了水稻超高产强化栽培技术体系。该技术体系采取育种与栽培相结合、生产技术集成与示范推广相结合的技术路线,以节水型优质超级稻新品种为基础,以农业水稻超高产强化栽培为主攻方向,实现水稻高产为目标。