延安发展山地有机苹果的SWOT分析及建议

从优势、劣势、机遇、挑战四方面对延安发展山地有机苹果作了SWOT分析,探索了建设延安山地有机苹果示范园区的对策,提出了加强有机肥源建设、发展生态果园、完善基础设施、增强技术服务、扶持果农专业合作社和龙头企业等发展建议。     

废弃苹果皮革的制备工艺研究

利用废弃苹果提取果胶来制作苹果皮革,增加废弃苹果的附加产值,以腐烂废弃的苹果为基本材料,从废弃苹果中提取果胶,分别探究料液比、pH值、黄原胶和氯化铜等条件对苹果皮革的硬度、拉伸强度、黏附性和感官弹性等性质的影响。结果表明,制备皮革的最佳工艺为料液比1∶1,pH值5,黄原胶15%,氯化铜2.5%。该试验为废弃苹果制备水果皮革提供了一个新的思路。     

富士苹果果肉褐变研究现状

本研究综述了采收期、气体成分、温度、衰老及 Ca素含量等因素对富士苹果果肉褐变的影响 ,并指出了防止富士苹果贮藏期间果肉褐变亟待解决的问题     

无毒“长富2”苹果幼树成花措施的研究

1998～ 1999年 ,针对无毒富士苹果幼树成花难的问题 ,开展了无毒“长富 2”苹果幼树成花措施的研究 ,明确了在冀中南地区环剥仍是乔砧无毒“长富 2”苹果幼树成花的主要措施 ,无毒“长富 2”苹果幼树需环剥 2次 ,壮幼树需环剥 3次即可达到理想的花量、产量标准 ;生长调节剂 6 -BA促发副梢的效果非常显著 ,并具有成花的作用 ;5月下旬环剥 1次 ,7月中旬喷布 30 0mg L的 6 -BA ,亦可达到丰产所需的花量指标     

套袋对白水县苹果质量及效益的影响

白水县是陕西苹果的最佳优生区,套袋苹果已占苹果生产总量的65.54%,是无公害苹果生产的关键技术之一,研究套袋技术对苹果生产具有重要的指导意义。项目对白水县苹果套袋情况进行了系统的调查,并就生产中三种果袋对苹果外观质量、内在质量、果实黑点病发生情况、效益等进行了研究。研究结果表明:目前生产中应用较多的仍然是双层双色纸袋和单层双色劣质纸袋,果实套袋能显著提高果实光洁度、着色度、果实外观鲜艳,降低VC含量,增加黑点病发病率,其中套双层三色优质纸袋苹果黑点病发病率轻,为5.2%,而套单层双色劣质纸袋重,高达47.7%,套袋能显著提高苹果生产的经济效益。     

1-MCP对苹果采后生理的影响

1-MCP(1-Methylcyelopropene,1-甲基环丙烯)具有抑制剂作用,明显抑制果实采后乙烯生成并降低呼吸延迟其高峰出现,保持果实硬度、可滴定酸、可溶性固形物和果皮叶绿素含量。并调查了1-MCP对苹果采后生理的影响,而且对1-MCP应用中存在的一些问题及影响因素进行了探讨。     

花牛苹果虎皮病在果皮与果肉中的发病症状及生理变化比较

为了探讨花牛苹果虎皮病的发生机理,对‘俄矮二号’和‘卡迪’2种花牛主栽品种在(0±0.5)℃冷藏及冷藏8个月后模拟货架10d(25℃)期间虎皮病的发病率、病情指数,以及果皮与果肉中α-法尼烯、共轭三烯、丙二醛(MDA)、总酚的含量和多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性进行测定分析.结果表明:冷藏5个月后花牛苹果果皮开始产生虎皮状病斑,6个月开始爆发,果肉始终无病斑出现;果皮中α-法尼烯、共轭三烯、MDA、总酚的平均含量及PPO的平均活性均极显著的高于果肉(P0.01),虎皮病发生主要在果皮而非果肉;推测PPO主导的酶促褐变是虎皮病发生在果皮的主要原因,而共轭三烯的积累只是原因之一.     

四个苹果新品种果园土壤培肥与节水技术操作规程

总结了4个早熟苹果新品种“七月鲜”、“绿帅”、“凉香”、“昂林”果园土壤培肥与节水技术,初步制定出了“七月鲜”、“绿帅”、“凉香”、“昂林”苹果果园土壤培肥与节水技术操作规程(SOP),为早熟苹果新品种产业化生产提出了地方行业标准.     

Comparison of procedures to evaluate the pathogenicity of Ceratocystisfimbriata sensu lato isolates from Eucalyptus in South Africa

Ceratocystis fimbriata sensu lato (s.l.) is an important pathogen of Eucalyptus. Pathogenicity of isolates has typically been evaluated by inoculating seedlings under greenhouse conditions. It is, however, not clear how accurately this reflects pathogenicity under field conditions. In this study, five techniques to potentially screen C. fimbriata isolates for their relative pathogenicity to Eucalyptus were compared. These included: in vitro growth comparisons on artificial media; inoculations on apples; inoculation on Eucalyptus seedlings in a greenhouse; inoculations on Eucalyptus bolts freshly cut from stems of young trees; and field inoculations on young trees. Eight isolates of C. fimbriata s.l. collected from various areas in South Africa were used. There was considerable variation in growth in culture and aggressiveness of the eight isolates. Field inoculations on young trees were best correlated with inoculations of bolts (r = 0.76). Lower correlation coefficients were obtained with seedlings (r = 0.59), apple inoculations (r = 0.56), and in vitro colony growth (r = 0.42). Inoculation of bolts provides a rapid and reliable method to screen isolates of C. fimbriata s.l. for pathogenicity to Eucalyptus.     

Genetic identity and relationships of Iranian apple (Malus?×?domestica Borkh.) cultivars and landraces, wild Malus species and representative old apple cultivars based on simple sequence repeat (SSR) marker analysis

In order to shed light on the role of Iran in apple evolution and domestication, we chose to investigate the relationships of a collection of 159 accessions of wild and domesticated apples including Iranian indigenous apple cultivars and landraces, selected wild species, and old apple scion and rootstock cultivars from different parts of the world. The majority of the wild species belonged to M. sieversii, which is widely believed to be the main maternal wild ancestor of domestic apples, from Kazakhstan and M. orientalis, which is one of the probable minor ancestors of domestic apples, from Turkey and Russia located on the east and west of Iran, respectively. The accessions were assigned into six arbitrary populations for the purpose of generating information on genetic parameters. Nine simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci selected from previous studies in apple were screened over DNA extracted from all the accessions. Results showed that all SSR loci displayed a very high degree of polymorphism with 11–25 alleles per locus. In total, there were 153 alleles across all loci with an average of 17 alleles per locus. The SSR allelic data were then used for estimation of population genetic parameters, including genetic variation statistics, F-statistics, gene flow, genetic identity, genetic distance and then cluster analysis using POPGENE 1.32 software. The F-statistics and gene flow in particular, showed that there was more intra-population than between population variation. The genetic identity and genetic distance estimates, and the dendrogram generated from the un-weighted pair group arithmetic average (UPGMA) method of cluster analysis showed that the Iranian cultivars and landraces were more closely related to M. sieversii from Central Asia (east of Iran) and M. orientalis native to Turkey and Russia than to other accessions of Malus species. Also, the old apple cultivars from different parts of the world have a closer genetic relationship to M. sieversii, M. orientalis and the Iranian apples, than to other wild species. Based on these results, we suggest that the Iranian apples may occupy an intermediate position between the domesticated varieties and wild species. We propose that Iran could be one of the major players in apples’ domestication and transfer from Central Asia to the western countries.