干旱条件下绵阳26小麦籽粒灌浆特性分析

[目的]探讨大田干旱情况下绵阳26及其姊妹系小麦籽粒灌浆过程及其影响因素。[方法]在大田持续干旱条件下,以绵阳26及其姊妹系共10个小麦品种(系)为试验材料,用Logistic方程对籽粒灌浆过程拟合,并推导出一系列次级参数,用相关、逐步回归与通径分析方法对不同灌浆参数与粒重关系进行分析。[结果]在干旱条件下,绵阳26及其姊妹系小麦的平均灌浆时间相对缩短;籽粒灌浆速率对小麦粒重形成作用明显,而灌浆持续时间与粒重形成无明显的相关关系;逐步回归分析和通径分析表明,灌浆持续期对千粒重可通过间接作用产生影响。[结论]在大田持续干旱条件下,绵阳26及其姊妹系小麦可通过不同的策略达到较高的千粒重。     

鄱阳湖湿地土壤中Cu Zn Pb Cd的形态研究

针对乐安河上游铜矿开采带来的鄱阳湖湖体东部重金属污染的问题，采用Tessier法对鄱阳湖湿地土壤中Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd的化学形态以及重金属形态与植物富集的相关关系进行了研究。结果表明。鄱阳湖土壤中Cu、Pb、Zn主要以有机结合态和残渣态为主，水溶态和交换态等生物有效性态含量很少。Cd的水溶态、交换态和铁锰氧化物态较其他元素高。相关分析和偏相关分析均显示植物中重金属含量与其生存环境中的重金属含量直接相关．植物对重金属的富集能力表现出Zn〉Cu〉Cd〉Pb的趋势。     

基于功效系数法对重庆市南岸区城乡建设用地系统协调度的评价研究

将城乡建设用地看成一个系统,基于功效系数法,以南岸区为例,进行城乡建设用地系统协调度评价。结果表明:南岸区城乡建设用地系统处于失调状态。据此,南岸区政府应以统筹城乡发展和加快城镇化进程为契机,采取有效的措施或途径,推动城乡建设用地系统互动,促进城乡建设用地系统趋向协调状态。     

杀菌剂复配对水稻纹枯病的联合毒力

采用生长速率法测定了丙硫唑、噻呋酰胺、氟环唑及苯醚甲环唑对水稻纹枯病的毒力。结果表明,丙硫唑和氟环唑对水稻纹枯病的活性较高,EC50分别为0.228 1、0.290 4 mg/L;其次是噻呋酰胺,EC50为0.624 6 mg/L;苯醚甲环唑活性最差,EC50为4.404 6 mg/L。选择丙硫唑和噻呋酰胺6种配比(5∶1、3∶1、1∶1、1∶3、1∶5、1∶7)测定其对水稻纹枯病菌的联合毒力,其共毒系数分别为124.96、164.91、193.19、224.93、226.61、274.09,表明两种药剂间的联合毒力具有增效作用,其中以有效成分质量比为1∶7时,增效最为显著。     

中国不同行政级别城市建成区面积扩展对其绿地扩张影响的实证分析

不同城市中建成区、建成区绿地面积的扩张存在差异,中国采用的行政区划使其差异更加明显。以中国1996-2014年县级及以上城市建成区面积、建成区绿地面积的面板数据为基础,将不同行政级别城市分组后,运用计量分析、变异系数,定量化分析其影响,测算得出城市组间影响力大小、组内影响力差异及组间影响力的逐年变化,这对于指导不同行政等级城市的绿地发展,统筹全国城市绿地建设具一定意义。实证分析表明,1我国直辖市、副省级市、地级市、县级市组间建成区绿地面积、建成区面积扩张之间存在长期均衡关系;2城市组间建成区每扩展1%,拉动直辖市建成区绿地扩张1.58%、副省级市1.19%、地级市1.47%、县级市1.42%;3城市组内影响力差异属县级市最大、副省级市最小、直辖市较小,地级市偏大;4城市组间建成区对于建成区绿地扩张的影响力度均逐年增加。     

城市土地集约利用度与城市化水平协调发展研究——以武汉城市圈为例

以武汉城市圈为例,建立城市土地集约利用及城市化水平评价指标体系,采用全局主成分分析法评价2005~2014年土地集约利用度与城市化水平,运用系统相对状态发展模型测算两者之间的协调度,并对其进行时空维度上的差异分析。协调度测算结果显示,2008年以后圈内各市多处于协调阶段;从时间轴上看,武汉、黄石、孝感、潜江市的土地集约利用与城市化水平协调度总体趋于逐年增强,但在空间格局上各市呈现不规则变化态势,不具有明显的空间聚集特征。     

基于遥感和空间洛伦茨曲线的北京市昌平区土地利用结构时空变化分析

以遥感影像为数据源,提取2000,2003和2007年三时相的昌平区土地利用信息,以高程150 m为界限划分为山地生态涵养区和平原经济发展区。分析表明,平原经济发展区土地利用结构变化主要体现为耕地向城矿居用地转化,而山地生态涵养区各组分变化并不明显。应用空间洛伦茨曲线和空间基尼系数分析揭示三时相不同土地用途的分布特征,研究发现水域和城矿居用地的空间分布在三时相最不均匀,集中于平原经济发展区,耕地和林地比较均匀,未利用地分布变化较大。7年之间耕地、林地和水域在向均匀方向发展,城矿居用地先趋于不均匀后转向均匀发展,未利用地恰好相反。     

基于NDVI估算植被体散射的土壤水分反演研究

[目的]为通过植被指数方法进行土壤水分估算和旱情监测提供依据。[方法]以新疆渭干河-库车河三角洲绿洲为研究区,雷达数据和光学遥感数据相结合,对干旱区绿洲进行土壤和植被水分信息的提取。[结果]在同期光学遥感影像数据提取叶面积指数基础上,利用简化的“MIMIcs模型”从雷达数据总的后向散射中去除植被的影响,建立土壤后向散射系数与土壤含水量之间的关系。[结论]主被动遥感数据结合在干旱区土壤水分反演时去除植被影响有较好的效果。     

Demonstration of uniformity of calcium absorption in adult dogs and cats

A meta‐analysis was conducted to understand quantitative aspects of calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) absorption in adult dogs and cats. 34 studies in dogs and 14 studies in cats met the criteria for inclusion in the meta‐analysis. Intake and faecal excretion values of Ca and P were subjected to a modified Lucas test and subsequent regression analyses. According to the current scientific consensus, Ca true digestibility (absorption) should increase at low Ca intake and decrease at high Ca intake. If true, this should result in a nonlinear relationship between the percentage of Ca excreted and dietary Ca intake. The present meta‐analysis showed a highly significant linear relationship (p < 0.0001) between Ca intake and Ca excretion suggesting a lack of systematic quantitative adaptation in true Ca digestibility. This finding suggests either that the time period covered by standard digestion trials is too short to induce adaptation mechanisms or that dogs and cats at maintenance will not efficiently alter quantitative Ca absorption percentage according to the amount ingested. If the latter is true, a dietary Ca supply differing greatly from the recommended dietary intake might impair the health of cats and dogs when fed long term. The data plots for P intake and faecal excretion were less uniform suggesting other factors not just dietary intake influence faecal P excretion. In adult cats, the dietary Ca:P ratio strongly influenced the true digestibility of P, whereas this effect was less marked in adult dogs. Faecal P excretion was significantly correlated to faecal Ca excretion in both species (p < 0.0001), and surprisingly, the level of P intake did not appear to be an important determinant of true digestibility of P.     

Effects of Compound Chinese Medicine on Growth Performance,Nutrients Apparent Digestibility,Immune Function and Slaughter Performance of Weaning Rex Rabbits

This experiment was conducted to study the effects of different levels of compound Chinese medicine on growth performance,nutrients apparent digestibility,immune function and slaughter performance of weaning Rex rabbits.70 healthy Rex rabbits at age of 60 days were divided into 7 groups with 5 replicates per group and 2 rabbits per replicate.Group Ⅰ was fed with basic diet as control group,group Ⅱ was fed the basal diet supplemented with antibiotic (contains 50 mg/kg milligrams bacitracin zinc,10 mg/kg colistin sulfate).The other five groups (Ⅲ,Ⅳ,Ⅴ,Ⅵ and Ⅶ) were fed the basal diet supplemented with 1%,2%,3%,4%,5% compound Chinese medicine,respectively.The pre-test period lasted for 7 days and the trial period lasted for 45 days.The results showed as follows:①The ADG in group Ⅳ was significantly higher than that in groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ (P< 0.05),the F/G in group Ⅳ was significantly lower than that in other groups (P< 0.05).②The apparent digestibility of DM in group Ⅳ was significantly higher than that in groups Ⅰand Ⅱ (P< 0.05),the apparent digestibility of DM in group Ⅶ was significantly higher than that in group Ⅰ (P< 0.05).The apparent digestibility of CF in group Ⅳ was extremely significantly higher than that in group Ⅰ (P< 0.01),the apparent digestibility of CF in group Ⅶ was significantly higher than that in group Ⅰ (P< 0.05).The apparent digestibility of NDF in group Ⅳ was extremely significantly higher than that in group Ⅰ (P< 0.01),and significantly higher than that in groups Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅴ and Ⅶ (P< 0.05).The apparent digestibility of ADF in group Ⅳ was significantly higher than that in groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅴ and Ⅶ (P< 0.05).The apparent digestibility of CP in group Ⅳ was significantly higher than that in groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ (P< 0.05).③ There were no significant differences in the contents of IgG,IgA and IgM of serum among all groups (P> 0.05),the spleen index in group Ⅳ was significantly higher than that in groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅴ (P< 0.05).④There were no significant differences in the slaughter rate,half eviscerated slaughter rate and all eviscerated slaughter rate among all groups (P> 0.05).In summary,adding compound Chinese medicine and antibiotics in the feed both could improve the growth performance,nutrients apparent digestibility,immune function and slaughter performance of weaning Rex rabbits,and the appropriate compound Chinese medicine level in the diet of weaning Rex rabbits was 2%.