Antioxidant Activities and Characterization of Polyphenols from Selected Northern Thai Rice Husks: Relation with Seed Attributes

Rice production generates a significant amount of agricultural waste. This study aimed to give results related to the existence of antioxidant phenols in agricultural waste of selected Northern Thai rice varieties. The antioxidant activities, contents of total flavonoids and phenolic compounds in the ethanolic rice husk extract were evaluated. The highest antioxidant activities were found in the variety PES1CMU, with 2,2?-azinobis-3-ethyl-benzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl as 679.66 and 4.16 mmol/(L·g) trolox equivalent, respectively, ferric reducing antioxidant power as 0.87 mmol/(L·g) Fe²⁺, total phenolic content as 29.90 mmol/(L·g) gallic acid and total flavonoid content as 12.16 mg/g catechin equivalent. Polyphenol compounds were identified mainly by standard polyphenols using the liquid chromatography mass spectrometry, with the highest contents of phytic acid, o-coumaric acid, naringin and kaempferol. The non-glutenous and wetland ecotypes of rice husk samples were the richest in antioxidant activities and polyphenol contents characterized by using principal component analysis. The glutenous rice husk contained higher antioxidant activities than the rest. Interestingly, quercetin is a significant phenolic compound that positively correlated with the overall antioxidant activities of rice husk. This finding will be relevant for future application of rice husk antioxidant components in the production of functional ingredients as well as for the food and pharmaceutical industries.     

干旱胁迫下油菜素内酯对文冠果苗木抗氧化酶活性和抗氧化剂含量的影响

用蘸根和叶面喷施不同浓度油菜素内酯(BRs)的方法,在人工控制土壤水分条件下,对黄土高原重要造林树种文冠果苗木重要的抗氧化酶活性和抗氧化剂含量变化进行研究。结果表明,用0.05~0.4 mg/L BRs处理文冠果苗木,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性在中度干旱胁迫下较清水对照增加,但差异不显著,重度胁迫下增加显著;在中度和重度胁迫下,各处理文冠果苗木过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)活性均较清水对照升高,且差异显著;在中度和重度胁迫下,5个浓度BRs处理对抗坏血酸(ASA)和还原型谷光甘肽(GSH)含量均具显著的增加效应。轻度和重度胁迫下,0.2 mg/L BRs处理对文冠果苗木抗氧化酶活性和抗氧化剂含量的增加效应均最为显著。     

鞣酸对奶牛饲料利用、产奶和抗氧化状态的影响

本研究旨在探讨日粮中添加富含鞣酸的柿子皮对泌乳期奶牛饲料利用、产奶和抗氧化状态的影响.试验将平均体重为(348.85±8.98)kg、泌乳量为(7.20±0.56)kg/d的8头奶牛随机分为2组,每组4个重复,每个重复1头奶牛.对照组饲喂玉米-米糠-菜粕型日粮,处理组在日粮中添加10％柿子皮(鞣酸含量为1.2?mg/k...     

长期咸水滴灌对灰漠土理化性质及棉花生长的影响

为揭示长期咸水滴灌对灰漠土物理化学特性及棉花生长的影响,研究了咸水灌溉11 a后土壤盐分、容重、水力特性、棉花耐盐生理特征及产量.试验设置3个灌溉水盐度水平:0.35 dS·m-1(淡水)、4.61 dS·m-1(微咸水)和8.04 dS·m-1(咸水).研究表明:与淡水灌溉相比,微咸水和咸水灌溉显著增加土壤容重、盐分...     

Applications of Green Tea Extract in Bakery Products

Green tea extract （GTE） is a rich source of tea catechins with antioxidative,anticarcinogenic and antiarteriosclerotic activities and it has been applied in food such as bakery products to provide health benefits and extend the shelf life.This review outlines the stability of green tea catechins during baking process of bakery products supplemented with GTE and the effects of GTE on the functional properties,sensory properties,physical characteristics and Maillard reaction of bakery products.     

重度遮阴及复光条件下茶树根系的生理响应及抗氧化酶活性动态变化

遮阴是改善夏秋茶品质的重要措施之一,关于遮阴对茶树鲜叶的影响已有诸多研究,但对茶树根系影响的研究还鲜见报道.通过盆栽试验,探讨湘妃翠和金萱在95％遮阴处理0、4、12 d及复光4 d的生理指标和抗氧化酶活性的动态变化.结果表明,遮阴持续12 d,茶树新发吸收根与一级侧根数增加,复光后4 d下降,根系活力变化趋势与此一致...     

Effects on Lipid Oxidation and Bioactive Properties of Rainbow Trout Fillets Fed with Barley

Barley concentrations ranging from 0% to 32% were incorporated into rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) diets. The effect of barley concentration on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant activity of fish fillets were analyzed. Results showed that the inclusion of barley in rainbow trout diets had an inhibitory effect on lipid oxidation, probably associated with certain bioactive compounds in barley that could interact with scavenging and reducing metabolites involved in lipid oxidation. Concentrations up to 8% of barley produced fish fillets with high antioxidant activity and higher levels of alpha-tocopherol.     

Effect of pistachio (Pistacia vera) hull extract on growth performance,body composition,total phenolic compound and fillets peroxide value of common carp,Cyprinus carpio

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of pistachio green hull extract (PGHE) on growth, survival rates, body composition and oxidative spoilage of common carp fillet. Three hundred fish (11.65 ± 1.65 g) were divided into five dietary treatments with three replications, including 0, 0.5, 1.5, 4.5 and 9 g PGHE kg^?1 of diet. No significant difference were observed in specific growth rate, food conversion rate, weight gain percentage, survival rate and body composition (i.e. moisture, protein, lipid and ash) between different treatments. By increasing the level of PGHE, amount of phenolic compounds in fish meat was elevated whilst peroxide value was reduced. The amount of phenolic compounds in fish fillet was significantly lower (P < 0.05) in control treatment in comparison with other treatments. Peroxide content for 9 g PGHE kg^?1 diet treatment (6.15 ± 0.79 meq peroxide kg^?1 oil) was significantly (P < 0.05) lower than control group (18.82 ± 1.93 meq peroxide kg^?1 oil). Regression analysis of peroxide value indicated that minimum peroxide value obtains in 1187 mg gallic acid kg^?1 diet. This study indicated that ethanolic extract of Pistachia vera hull can be considered as a supplement in fish diet to delay oxidative spoilage of common carp fillet.     

Antioxidative activities of a mycosporine-like amino acid,porphyra-334

Antioxidative activities of porphyra-334, a mycosporine-like amino acid extracted from laver were evaluated. Oxidation of linoleic acid induced by an alkyl-radical 2,2′-azobis (2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH) was successfully suppressed by porphyra-334 (0–200 μM). The simultaneous application of 0.02 μM α-tocopherol and 50 μM porphyra-334 effectively suppressed the AAPH induced oxidation level to approximately 40% of a single application of porphyra-334 after 10 min reaction. Porphyra-334 (0–200 μM) efficiently suppressed the lipid peroxidation induced by singlet oxygen although the antioxidative effect observed was relatively moderate at the initial stage of oxidation. These results suggested that porphyra-334 may function as an antioxidant which influences the storage stability of laver.     

4种豆粕替代鱼粉对大黄鱼生长、抗氧化及抗菌能力的影响

分别用9种等氮等能的饲料投喂初始体质量为(34.72±0.28)g的大黄鱼(Pseudosciaena crocea)。其中1组投喂对照饲料(含50%鱼粉,不含豆粕),另外8个试验组分别投饲由去皮豆粕(DSM)、酶解豆粕(ESM)、发酵豆粕Ⅰ(FSMⅠ)和发酵豆粕Ⅱ(FSMⅡ)替代20%和40%的鱼粉的饲料,9组分别命名为FM、DSM20、DSM40、ESM20、ESM40、FSMⅠ20、FSMⅠ40、FSMⅡ20、FSMⅡ40。在海水浮式网箱中进行7周的养殖实验后,评定4种豆粕替代鱼粉的可行性及适宜替代水平。结果显示,试验组与对照组鱼存活率和特定生长率无显著差异(P0.05)。血清生化指标显示,FM组和FSMⅡ20组超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性显著高于其它试验组(P0.05),FM、DSM20、FSMⅠ40、FSMⅡ20组过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性显著高于DSM40、ESM20、ESM40及FSMⅠ20组(P0.05),不同试验组的丙二醛(MDA)含量均不同程度高于对照组。酶解豆粕替代40%鱼粉导致实验鱼的血清对哈维氏弧菌的抵抗能力下降,去皮豆粕替代20%鱼粉导致血清对溶藻弧菌抵抗能力下降;但发酵豆粕不影响血清及黏液对3种菌的抵抗能力。研究表明,以特定生长率、饲料转化率和抗菌能力为评价指标,发酵豆粕是鱼粉的最佳替代源,发酵豆粕Ⅰ和Ⅱ均能替代20%~40%的鱼粉,但存在抗氧化能力下降的风险,尤其是发酵豆粕Ⅰ40%替代组;去皮豆粕和酶解豆粕替代鱼粉在抗菌能力和抗氧化能力方面无优势。