改良剂对柴油污染土壤中黑麦草生理代谢的调节

开展了土壤柴油污染的单因素盆栽实验和柴油污染盐渍化土壤中添加锯末-硝酸铵-磷酸二氢钾的三因素正交盆栽实验,对黑麦草幼苗抗氧化酶活性和叶绿素含量进行了分析,探究了柴油污染土壤中黑麦草幼苗的生理变化与调节。结果表明,土壤柴油污染显著减小了黑麦草幼苗生物量,与对照相比,叶SOD活性在柴油浓度0.3%和0.9%时显著降低,POD和CAT活性在0.6%和0.9%柴油浓度下显著降低;根SOD活性在0.9%柴油浓度下显著增大,POD活性在0.6%和0.9%柴油浓度下显著下降。受柴油污染的盐渍化土壤,施加锯末体积分数为10%时,黑麦草幼苗叶POD和CAT活性显著增强,叶绿素a和叶绿素b含量显著增加;施氮量为0.3 g·kg~(-1)土时,黑麦草幼苗叶绿素a和叶绿素b含量显著增加。可见,土壤受柴油污染时,添加锯末和硝酸铵可有效调节黑麦草幼苗的生理代谢。     

铝胁迫下根系分泌物对栝楼光合特性及耐铝性的影响

以耐铝性较强的安国栝楼和耐铝性较弱的浦江栝楼为对比试验材料,在土培条件下探究300μmol/L和800μmol/L铝胁迫下不同浓度(30,20,10ml/株)根系分泌物对2种栝楼的生长特性、光合特性和抗氧化酶活性的影响。结果表明,经过2个浓度的铝处理后,安国栝楼和浦江栝楼生长均受到一定抑制,生物量、叶绿素a/b含量、叶绿素荧光、CAT、POD、SOD酶活性均呈下降趋势,而MDA、初始荧光(F_0)呈相反的变化趋势,2种栝楼的各指标变化程度和敏感性表现出一定的差异性,表明2种栝楼的耐铝性存在差异。加入适宜浓度的根系分泌物能够促进2种栝楼的生长,提高叶绿素a、b含量以及各个荧光参数值和CAT、POD、SOD等抗氧化酶活性,从而缓解了铝胁迫。较低浓度的根系分泌物可以缓解铝胁迫对栝楼的伤害;浓度过高时,2种栝楼的生长均会受到抑制,20ml/株的根系分泌物对栝楼铝胁迫的缓解作用最佳。因此,今后在红壤地区栝楼的生产种植中,可以进一步开展根系分泌物对栝楼影响机制的研究工作,为栝楼品种的推广与应用奠定基础。     

Application of biochar in mitigation of negative effects of salinity stress in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Salinity is a major abiotic stress that affects crop production throughout the world. Biochar is an activated carbon soil conditioner that can alleviate the negative impacts of salinity. The research was conducted to evaluate the ameliorative effect of 1% and 2% of biochar application on wheat seed germination and growth attributes under salinity. Both levels of biochar improved the germination and growth conditions under salinity; however, 2% biochar level was more effective compared to 1% level. Root and shoot length increased up to 23% and11% with 2% biochar, respectively. The maximum increase of 16% and 10% in leaf water potential and osmotic potential was noted with 2% biochar at 150 mM salt. The decrease in proline content and soluble sugar at 2% biochar was 51% and 27%, respectively. Decrease in superoxide dismutase activity was 15.3% at 2% level of biochar under stress biochar mitigates the negative effects of salinity and improved wheat productivity.     

γ-氨基丁酸对热应激大鼠新生子代的发育及抗氧化力的影响

为研究日粮中添加γ-氨基丁酸对热应激大鼠子代发育和抗氧化功能的影响,选用90日龄的Sprague-Dawley大鼠52只(雌性大鼠39只,雄性13只)进行试验,交配后27只受孕雌鼠随机分为三组,正常对照组,热应激组和GABA热应激组,仔鼠出生后1天,测定发育指标和肝脏抗氧化指标。结果显示,与正常对照组相比,热应激组新生雌鼠和雄鼠的尾长均显著降低(P＜0.01);新生大鼠的肝脏谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性有所降低,丙二醛(MDA)含量有所升高,但差异均不显著。与热应激组相比,GABA热应激组新生雌鼠(P＜0.01)和雄鼠(P＜0.05)的尾长均显著提高;新生大鼠的肝脏MDA含量有所降低,GSH-Px、SOD活性有所升高,但差异均不显著。结果提示GABA一定程度上可改善孕期热应激条件下新生大鼠的抗应激能力。     

外源一氧化氮对棉花种子吸胀期间耐冷性和发芽能力的影响

 选用对温度敏感性不同的棉花品种为试验材料,研究外源一氧化氮供体硝普钠（SNP）对棉花种子吸胀期间的耐冷性及发芽力的影响。结果表明,一氧化氮引发处理棉花种子,能提高低温胁迫期间胚内过氧化物酶（POD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和抗坏血酸过氧化酶（APX）活性,以及可溶性蛋白质和脯氨酸（Pro）含量,降低了相对电导率及丙二醛（MDA）含量,同时显著提高发芽率,并显著缩短发芽时间。低温吸胀48 h后,与对照相比,SNP处理后种子的发芽率平均提高29.85%,发芽时间平均缩短3 d。因此,一氧化氮处理能提高棉花种子吸胀期间的耐冷性,提高低温胁迫下种子发芽能力。     

天然蒜油和维生素E对卵磷脂的抗氧化作用

卵磷脂是保健食品中的重要功能因子。其被氧化的程度决定其功能作用和贮放时间。研究采用天然蒜油和维生素E对卵磷脂进行抗氧化试验。以过氧化值反映卵磷脂的氧化程度。结果表明，蒜油和维生素E均有降低卵磷脂过氧化值的作用，不同浓度抗氧剂的作用强弱有差异。保存温度越高，卵磷脂过氧化物产生的速度越快。数据表明，在试验添加浓度下蒜油和维生素E的抗氧化效果差异不明显；二者在0．05％～0．20％的添加量时，添加浓度和过氧化值呈反相关关系。     

包装对香榧坚果贮藏中的油脂酸败和抗氧化能力的影响

以香榧坚果为材料,研究不同包装方式对香榧原料和加工后成品的酸价、过氧化值、总酚含量、DPPH自由基清除能力和和抑制脂质过氧化作用的影响,以期了解真空包装对香榧坚果贮藏过程中脂肪氧化和抗氧化活性的影响.结果表明:香榧原料和成品在贮藏过程中均发生油脂的氧化酸败,表现出过氧化值和酸价上升,总酚含量下降.采用真空包装可显著降低香榧成品贮藏过程中酸价和过氧化值的增加幅度,减轻脂肪的氧化酸败,保持较高的总酚含量,减缓DPPH自由基清除能力的下降,抑制亚油酸脂质的氧化,相对较好地维持组织的抗氧化能力.     

葡萄疏果多酚类含量及体外抗氧化活性研究

葡萄含有一系列对人体健康有利的成分,葡葡多酚是其中重要的活性物质。针对疏果天然活性成分的开发利用,可以实现废弃物的再利用,本文以13个葡萄品种疏下来的果实为研究对象,分析了疏果中多酚和黄酮含量。通过测定其DPPH自由基清除能力、羟自由基清除能力、还原力来评价葡萄疏果中多酚类物质的功能活性,分析了功能性组分与活性间的关系。结果显示,摩尔多瓦、A17、金手指的多酚和黄酮含量明显高于其他品种,并且其抗氧化活性也优于其他品种。     

草菇子实体提取物的抗氧化活性

为考察草菇(Volvariella volvacea)子实体提取物(VBS)的抗氧化活性,测定了对两种自由基的清除率及其总还原力,结果表明:对羟自由基和DPPH自由基的清除率以及总还原力均与VBS的浓度存在正相关的量效关系,IC50值分别为1.40、0.67、0.63mg/mL。以ICR雄性小鼠为研究对象,灌胃给药12d,再用CCl4花生油溶液灌胃,8h后分别测定超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)和谷草转氨酶(AST)的活力及丙二醛(MDA)的含量,各项指标在血清中的结果表明,VBS中剂量组(200 mg/kg)的抗氧化活性较好,而在肝脏中则表明VBS高剂量组(400mg/kg)的抗氧化活性较好。     

Postharvest UV-C treatment combined with 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP), followed by storage in continuous low-level ethylene atmosphere,improves the quality of tomatoes

Mature green tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L. cv Neang Pich) were exposed to 13.6 kJ m^?2 UV-C or 0.5 μL L^?1 1-MCP or combination of 13.6 kJ m^?2 UV-C and 0.5 μL L^?1 1-MCP, with appropriate untreated controls. After treatment, tomatoes were stored in air containing 0.1 μL L^?1 ethylene at 20°C and 100% RH. The untreated fruit ripened significantly faster than those of all other treatments. UV-C treatment alone was able to delay fruit ripening by up to 5 days longer compared to untreated fruits whilst the additional of 1-MCP further delayed fruit ripening. UV-C and 1-MCP treatments alone or in combination had significantly slower ethylene production rates throughout the storage period. The fruit treated with the combination of 1-MCP and UV-C was significantly firmer and had higher total phenolic content compared to that of the other treatments. However, there was no difference between treatments in soluble solids content/titratable acids ratio, chlorophyll content, lycopene content and total antioxidant activity. These results show that UV-C and 1-MCP treatment delay ripening and improve the quality of tomatoes in the presence of low-level ethylene during storage. This new treatment could be used to extend the shelf-life of mature green tomatoes through the supply chain without the use of refrigeration.