几种粮食皮壳提取物的抗氧化活性测定

用甲醇和石油醚提取几种粮食皮壳,以β-胡萝卜素漂白法测定提取物的抗氧化活性,并且比较它们的提取率和抗氧化指数的高低。     

Effect of two wheat genotypes and Swedish environment on falling number, amylase activities, and protein concentration and composition

Variation in falling number, amylase activities, protein concentration and composition were investigated in two wheat cultivars grown in Sweden over two seasons, in four locations, with four N fertilizer rates, with and without fungicide treatment. The results showed that;

硫素对冬小麦籽粒蛋白质积累的影响

在0～20 cm土层有效硫含量为5.84 mg/kg地块上施硫,显著提高冬小麦根系和旗叶硝酸还原酶活性,增加旗叶总游离氨基酸和可溶性蛋白质含量,利于旗叶蛋白质的合成;施硫亦提高旗叶内肽酶和羧肽酶活性,加速旗叶蛋白质的降解.施硫67.5 kg/hm2促进籽粒谷蛋白积累,显著提高籽粒蛋白质含量,改善加工品质,增加籽粒和蛋白质产量,但对醇溶     

水稻胚乳细胞增殖和充实与子房生理活性变化关系的研究

结合水稻不同粒位籽粒的胚乳增殖动态和单细胞充实状况,分析了胚乳细胞增殖过程中子房若干生理指标的变化特点,结果表明：籽粒呼吸量较大的时期为胚乳细胞物质充实期,而单位鲜重呼吸强度最大在胚乳细胞分裂期,弱势粒呼吸强度在花后有一低水平期,随着细胞分裂的起动开始上升;胚乳细胞分裂期保持有较物质充实期高得多的含水率;子房ＡＴＰ水平在胚乳细胞分裂期处于较高水平;可溶性糖含量强势粒在胚乳细胞分裂期水平较高,至细胞     

Genetic Variability of Rubisco in Tetraploid Wheats (Triticum turgidum)

Nineteen tetraploid wheats (Triticum turgidum), differing in their agronomical behaviour and geographic origins were grown in two experiments and analysed for the following physiological traits: soluble leaf protein content, rubisco content, initial and potential carboxylase activities of this enzyme as well as its relative content in percentage of protein, the specific activity of the enzyme and its activation state. The results show a high genetic variability for all studied traits and more particularly for the initial carboxylase activity. High phenotypic correlation was observed between the rubisco content and its potential activities, in the first experiment. Correlation between souble leaf protein and rubisco content was significant in 9 genotypes of the second experiment.     

玉米根系活力与耐铝性的关系

铝胁迫可提高耐铝自交系根系还原力，而铝敏感自交系TTC还原强度则显著下降,表明自交系根系TTC相对还原强度与耐铝性具有很好的一致性。耐铝自交系根系活跃吸收面积，尤其是根系活跃吸收面积占总吸收面积的比例相对较高。铝胁迫可维持或略提高铝自交系根系氧化力，而敏感自交系根系氧化力则有所下降，说明耐铝自交系在铝胁迫下仍可维持较高的呼吸代谢活性。铝胁迫可造成玉米自交系伤流量减少，且敏感自交系降幅较大。     

小麦耐盐突变体近等基因系K+含量与SOD活性相关分析

比较小麦耐盐突变体近等基因系的钾离子含量及其与SOD活性的相关性分析，结果表明：耐盐性不同的近等基因系之间钾离子含量存在着显著差异，耐盐性强的RH8706-49含钾量最高；分别为耐盐性差的H8706-34、H8706-58的3．572倍和3．167倍。小麦功能叶片的SOD活性与钾含量呈极显著线性正相关。进而表明，小麦耐盐性强弱与旗叶叶片含钾量的多少在一定范围内呈正相关，钾可能参与了SOD的活性调节。     

Effectiveness of submicron chitosan dispersions in controlling anthracnose and maintaining quality of dragon fruit

Conventional chitosan (CC) and submicron chitosan dispersions (SCD) were evaluated for the control of postharvest anthracnose and maintenance of quality of dragon fruit during storage at 10 ± 2 °C and 80 ± 5% RH for 28 days. All the chitosan treatments significantly reduced anthracnose symptoms, resulting in a reduction of disease development and thereby maintained the quality of fresh fruit for extended periods. SCD at 1.0% with 600 nm droplet size gave the best result in that it delayed the onset of disease and maintained the quality of dragon fruit for up to 28 days of storage. It can be concluded from the present investigation that SCD have potential to be used as an antifungal agent to control postharvest anthracnose and maintain quality of dragon fruit during storage.     

北方白菜型冬油菜的膜脂脂肪酸组分和ATPase活性对温度的响应

为了解北方白菜型冬油菜膜脂脂肪酸和ATPase活性与抗寒性的关系,以抗寒性强的冬油菜品种陇油7号和抗寒性弱的品种天油2号为材料,研究了不同温度处理(25°C、10°C、2°C、–5°C)后叶片和根系膜脂脂肪酸组分和ATPase酶活性的变化。结果表明,低温胁迫下2个冬油菜品种叶片和根系膜脂脂肪酸组分相同,叶片中不饱和脂肪酸以亚麻酸为主,根系不饱和脂肪酸以亚油酸为主。随处理温度的降低,2个冬油菜品种叶片不饱和脂肪酸含量呈先降低(10°C,2°C)后增加(–5°C)的趋势;陇油7号根中不饱和脂肪酸含量逐步增加,天油2号则逐步降低;在低温条件下(2°C,–5°C),陇油7号膜脂U/S比值、IUFA值高于天油2号;ATPase活性表现为陇油7号逐渐高于天油2号。说明2个冬油菜品种的膜脂在低温响应上存在一定差异,低温下不饱和脂肪酸含量和ATPase活性的提高是强抗寒冬油菜品种在北方旱寒区严酷环境条件下能安全越冬的重要原因。     

纳板河保护区不同季节常绿阔叶林土壤酶活性与养分关系研究

采用野外调查与室内分析相结合的方法,对纳板河自然保护区不同季节季风常绿阔叶林土壤酶活性与养分进行研究,探讨季节变化对保护区季风常绿阔叶林土壤酶活性及养分含量影响,并进一步探究季节变化对酶活性与土壤肥力间关系的影响。结果表明：季节变化对土壤养分含量和酶活性具有显著影响,不同养分指标和酶活性随季节和土层深度变化表现出不同程度变异性,变异系数由0.1~1.5不等;季节变化对各养分指标与土壤酶活性之间的相关关系具有显著影响,随季节变化相关关系发生改变;土壤酶之间的相互关系受季节影响较小,相关性随季节变化不明显;保护区季风常绿阔叶林土壤养分与酶活性间存在显著或极显著相关关系,土壤肥力对酶活性的直接影响力随季节变化发生不同程度改变。