生防绿色木霉M1M2的生物学特性及抑菌研究

为进一步开发利用生防绿色木霉菌M1M2,研究了木霉菌菌株M1M2的最适培养基、温度、光照、pH及其分生孢子的致死温度,并采用平皿对峙培养法测定了其对6种病原菌的抑菌率。结果表明:M1M2最适培养基为糖浆培养基,最适生长和产孢条件为温度25~30℃,pH 5,24h全光照,其分生孢子致死温度为52℃;对向日葵黄萎病菌、马铃薯立枯丝核病菌、番茄灰霉病菌和大豆菌核病菌的抑菌率为100%。     

柠檬草精油抗菌性研究

采用上海地区种植的柠檬草(Cymbopogoncitratus),提取其精油对4种致病菌进行了定性的和定量的抗菌性研究,这4种致病菌是消毒上所针对的主要菌种。定性试验采用贴片法测定了柠檬草精油的抗菌圈直径;定量试验则采用试管培养法对柠檬草精油的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)进行了测定。结果表明:柠檬草精油对所测定的4种致病菌均有很好的抗性,其中对于金黄色葡萄球菌Staphylococcusaureus(G-)的抑制性最强,最低的抑制浓度是0.05μL·mL-1;其次为枯草芽孢杆菌Bacil-lussubtilis(G+)0.1μL·mL-1,而对于大肠杆菌Escherichiacoli(G-)和白色念珠菌Candidaalbicans最低抑制浓度为0.2μL·mL-1。     

花后喷施外源物质对小麦激素含量及源库的调节效应

研究不同粒型小麦品种花后叶面喷施GA3,6-BA等植物生长调节物质及N-P-K营养液(以下称外源物质),对小麦激素含量及源库的调节作用.结果表明,喷施GA3,6-BA,N-P-K营养液后,旗叶和子粒中内源GA3的含量增加,ABA的含量降低;大粒品系兰考8679花前物质转运率提高,花后物质积累量增加.温麦4号花前转运率降低,花后物质积累量增加;处理后大粒品系兰考8679子粒灌浆即表现出差异,中粒品种温麦4号处理后差异不明显,到灌浆盛期差异才表现出来;喷GA3和N-P-K营养液后兰考8679产量增幅最大,GA3和N-P-K之间差异不明显,喷6-BA次之,与对照相比差异显著.温麦4号喷GA3产量最高,N-P-K营养液次之,喷6-BA和对照差异不显著.     

药用真菌发酵产物调控肉鸡内分泌及免疫力的研究

将药用真菌接种到以山芋渣为主并添加不同量的黄芪固态基质中进行发酵,获得发酵菌质,研究菌质对肉鸡内源性激素代谢、免疫力的影响。结果表明：菌质作为饲料添加剂饲喂AA肉鸡,对AA肉鸡的内源性激素有明显的调节作用,各试验组的生长激素浓度显著高于对照组（P〈0．05,P〈0．01）;试验1组的胰岛素、三碘甲腺原氨酸浓度显著高于对照组（P〈0．05）;试验2、3组的四碘甲腺原氨酸浓度显著高于对照组（P〈0．05,P〈0．01）;各试验组的皮质醇浓度低于对照组,但差异不显著。各试验组在配合疫苗使用的情况下,肉鸡血清中禽流感-H5亚型、新城疫抗体滴度显著高于对照组（P〈0．05,P〈0．001）;各试验组的免疫器官重量也比对照组高,说明菌质可提高肉鸡的免疫力。     

鲶鱼部分组织抗菌肽抗菌功效的研究

采用乙酸提取法提取鲶鱼表面黏液、皮肤、鱼肉、内脏等不同组织抗菌肽,采用双缩脲法测定蛋白质含量;以大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和枯草芽孢杆菌为受试菌,采用滤纸片法,比较不同组织抗菌肽对不同菌种的抗菌效果,结果表明：各组织蛋白质含量分别为黏液0.336mg/mL、皮肤1.629mg/mL、鱼肉10.284mg/mL、内脏0.562mg/mL。内脏提取物的抑菌效果最好,且对枯草芽孢杆菌抑制效果最佳,抑菌圈直径达10.73mm。     

集约化养鸡场空气环境中生物气溶胶特点研究

为了给北京地区不同类型养鸡场空气环境中生物气溶胶的危害评价提供基础数据,对蛋鸡和肉鸡两种养殖方式下,鸡舍内外空气环境中生物气溶胶的浓度和粒径分布进行检测,并对大肠菌群和抗生素抗性菌进行了分析。结果表明,北京郊区(县)蛋鸡舍内,所调查的五种生物气溶胶(细菌、真菌、大肠菌群、四环素和红霉素抗性菌)浓度高于同地区肉鸡舍(P<0.05)。蛋鸡舍内空气中约50%的细菌气溶胶分别具有四环素和红霉素抗性;大肠菌群、四环素抗性大肠菌群和红霉素抗性大肠菌群的平均浓度分别为7.32×103、2.87×103CFU·m-3和3.31×103CFU·m-3。两种养殖方式下细菌和真菌气溶胶粒径分布规律有所差异,导致其在细颗粒物中所占比例不同。     

广西地不容内生真菌疣孢漆斑菌DBR-11的抑菌活性

为了研究广西地不容内生真菌的抑菌活性,从广西地不容块根中分离纯化出18株内生真菌,采用拮抗试验测定了其对10种植物病原真菌的抑制活性,发现疣孢漆斑菌DBR-11对多数供试菌有很好的抑制活性。进一步测定了DBR-11菌株发酵产物的抑菌活性,发现发酵产物的乙酸乙酯萃取物对病原菌的抑制活性较高,质量浓度为5 g/L时,对10种植物病原真菌的抑菌率均在90%以上,有效中浓度(EC50)为0.007 2~0.446 5 g/L,其中对烟草黑胫病菌的毒力最高,EC50值为0.007 2 g/L;发酵产物的乙酸乙酯萃取物质量浓度为2 g/L时,72 h对15种供试动物病原菌中的7种能完全抑制,最低抑制浓度(MIC)为0.062 5~0.25 g/L,其中对痢疾志贺氏菌的抑制活性最高,MIC值为0.062 5 g/L。DBR-11发酵产物乙酸乙酯萃取物有广谱的抗菌活性,具有潜在的应用价值。     

枯草芽孢杆菌J-4菌株产抑菌物质发酵条件优化

为了提高枯草芽孢杆菌J-4菌株发酵液中抑菌物质的含量,采用单因素试验和正交试验相结合的方法,对基础发酵培养基的组成(碳源、氮源、无机盐含量)和发酵条件(发酵时间、装液量、发酵温度、接种量)进行优化。优化后的培养基组成为葡萄糖1.00%、黄豆饼粉1.00%、MgSO_40.15%、Na_2HPO_40.10%、NaH_2PO_40.10%;发酵条件为发酵时间36 h、装液量100 mL(250 mL)、发酵温度37℃、摇瓶接种量5%。在此条件下,枯草芽孢杆菌J-4菌株抑菌圈面积提高50.25%。     

Investigations on the Wound Healing Potential of Tilapia Piscidin (TP)2-5 and TP2-6

Wound healing is a highly orchestrated process involving many cell types, such as keratinocytes, fibroblasts and endothelial cells. This study aimed to evaluate the potential application of synthetic peptides derived from tilapia piscidin (TP)2, TP2-5 and TP2-6 in skin wound healing. The treatment of HaCaT keratinocytes with TP2-5 and TP2-6 did not cause cytotoxicity, but did enhance cell proliferation and migration, which could be attributed to the activation of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling. In CCD-966SK fibroblasts, although TP2-5 (31.25 μg/mL) and TP2-6 (125 μg/mL) showed cytotoxic effects, we observed the significant promotion of cell proliferation and migration at low concentrations. In addition, collagen I, collagen III, and keratinocyte growth factor were upregulated by the peptides. We further found that TP2-5 and TP2-6 showed pro-angiogenic properties, including the enhancement of human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) migration and the promotion of neovascularization. In a murine model, wounds treated topically with TP2-5 and TP2-6 were reduced by day 2 post-injury and healed significantly faster than untreated wounds. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that both TP2-5 and TP2-6 have multifaceted effects when used as topical agents for accelerating wound healing.     

Characterization of the cathelicidin cluster in the Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica)

The Japanese quail has several advantages as a low‐fat meat bird with high immunity against diseases. Cathelicidins (CATHs) are antimicrobial peptides that play an important role in innate immunity. The aim of this study was to characterize the CATH cluster in the Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica). The Japanese quail CATH (CjCATH) cluster, contains four CATH genes, as in the chicken. The coding sequences of CjCATHs exhibited >85.3% identity to chicken CATHs. The predicted amino acid sequences of the four CjCATH genes contained the cathelin‐like domain characteristic of CATH proteins. Polymorphisms were detected in the open reading frames (ORFs) of all CjCATH sequences. Two amino acid substitutions were observed in the antimicrobial region of the mature peptide of CjCATH2, and predicted to influence peptide function. CjCATH1 is expressed in lung, heart, bone marrow and bursa of Fabricius (BF). CjCATH2 is expressed in bone marrow. CjCATH3 is expressed in lung, heart, bone marrow, BF, tongue and duodenum. CjCATHB1 is expressed in bone marrow and BF. This study is the first to characterize CATH genes in the Japanese quail, and identifies novel antimicrobial peptide sequences belonging to the cathelicidin family, which may play a role in immunity in this species.