鱼腥草甲醇提取物体外抗氧化性及抑菌活性评价

采用α-脱氧核糖法、邻苯三酚自氧化法、1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(DPPH)法体外测定了鄂西北产鱼腥草甲醇提取物的抗氧化性,同时采用生长速率法和孢子萌发法评价了其对绿色木霉、啤酒酵母菌、黑曲霉、木质层孔菌及枯草芽孢杆菌等微生物的抑制作用。结果表明:鱼腥草甲醇提取物具有一定抗氧化性和抑菌活性,在试验浓度范围内,抗氧化活性及抑菌活性与其质量浓度呈量效关系。     

玫瑰露抑菌效果研究

研究了玫瑰露对4种细菌(沙门氏菌、大肠杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌和苏云金杆菌)、3种霉菌(木霉、青霉、黑曲霉)以及2种酵母菌(啤酒酵母、葡萄酒酵母)的抑菌活性和最低抑菌浓度(MIC),采用滤纸片法测定抑菌圈、液体培养法测定最低抑菌浓度。结果表明,玫瑰露对供试细菌,不论是G+菌还是G-菌,都有较强的抑菌活性,而对霉菌、酵母菌的抑菌活性不明显;对细菌的抑菌效果以沙门氏菌最强,MIC为0.98 mL/L。说明玫瑰露既可以加入到食品中作为香料,同时可配合其他天然香料使用,组成复配防腐剂。     

家蚕抗菌肽Cecropin-XJ的原核优化表达及活性检测

Cecropin-XJ是一种从家蚕幼虫体内分离纯化的具有很强热稳定性、酸碱适应性和广谱抗菌性的新型家蚕抗菌肽。以融合不同标签的表达载体构建pET28a-Cecropin-XJ、pET30a-Cecropin-XJ、pET32a-Cecropin-XJ、pMAL-p2X-Cecropin-XJ重组质粒,转化E.coli BL21(DE3)感受态细胞,并优化诱导时间、诱导温度、诱导剂IPTG浓度等条件,通过对目的蛋白表达的检测分析,选择、建立Cecropin-XJ在大肠杆菌中高效、可溶性表达的技术体系。试验结果表明:采用构建的重组原核表达载体pET32a-Cecropin-XJ在IPTG终浓度为0.8 mmol/L、培养温度为37℃的条件下诱导5 h,目的蛋白的表达量可达10 mg/L,重组蛋白主要以可溶性表达产物形式存在,可溶性蛋白的表达量约占菌体总蛋白的35%,经金属螯合层析进一步纯化后的Cecropin-XJ融合蛋白纯度可达90%以上。体外抑菌试验显示Cecropin-XJ融合蛋白对金黄色葡萄球菌具有较强的抑菌活性。     

Cembranoid, Steroid, and Sesquiterpenoid Derivatives from the South China Sea Soft Coral Sinularia numerosa

Two new cembranoids, namely, sinumerolides A and B （1 and 2）, one new steroid, 7fl-hydroxygorgosterol （7）, along with four known cembranoid derivatives （3-6）, four known steroids （8-11）, and four known...     

玫瑰鲜花抑菌能力的品种差异及动态变化研究

研究了"紫芙蓉"、"赛西子"、"西子"、"紫枝玫瑰"、"朱龙游空"5个玫瑰品种的鲜花瓣挥发物对空气中细菌、真菌的抑制作用。结果表明:5个玫瑰品种对细菌、真菌存在不同程度的抑制作用,总抑菌率在品种之间存在极显著性差异(F=8.615,P=0.0001),在初花期、盛花期和末花期之间也存在极显著性差异(F=5.871,P=0.0071)。在5个品种中,"紫枝玫瑰"抑菌效果较好,且在3个开花时期表现较稳定;所测定的5个玫瑰品种的细菌抑菌率存在极显著差异(F=13.405,P=0.0001),其中"紫枝玫瑰"、"西子"、"紫芙蓉"在3个开花时期对细菌均有较好的抑菌效果,且3个开花时期间差异极显著(F=6.512,P=0.0045);但各品种间真菌抑菌率差异不显著,且3个开花时期间差异也不显著;在盛花期"紫枝玫瑰"、"朱龙游空"、"紫芙蓉"对细菌抑制效果最好,"紫枝玫瑰"、"赛西子"则对真菌有最好的抑制作用。     

Cross-sectional study of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in horses. Part 2: Risk factors for faecal carriage of antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli in horses

Reasons for performing study: The increasing prevalence of antimicrobial resistant bacteria such as antimicrobial‐resistant and extended spectrum β‐lactamase (ESBL)‐producing Escherichia coli represents a significant problem for human and veterinary medicine. Despite this, the risk factors for faecal carriage of such bacteria by horses in the UK, particularly those in the wider community, have not been well described. Objectives: To characterise the risk factors for faecal carriage of antimicrobial‐resistant E. coli amongst horses in the mainland UK. Methods: A cross‐sectional study of horses recruited by 65 randomly selected equine veterinary practices was conducted, with a faecal sample collected and self‐administered questionnaire completed by the horse owner. Faecal samples were cultured for antimicrobial‐resistant E. coli, with isolates confirmed as E. coli having their antimicrobial resistance profile determined. Multilevel, multivariable logistic regression models were used to investigate risk factors for the carriage of antimicrobial‐resistant E. coli in the sample population. Results: Faecal samples and completed questionnaires were obtained for 627 horses located on 475 premises. Recent hospitalisation, contact with specific types of nonequid animals, the type of premises, the surrounding land use, the reason for veterinary treatment received in the last 6 months and antimicrobial treatment in the previous 10 days were identified as risk factors for many of the antimicrobial‐resistance outcomes considered. Being stabled on the same yard as a recently hospitalised horse was identified as a risk factor for increased risk of carriage of ESBL‐producing E. coli. Conclusions and potential relevance: Increasing antimicrobial resistance may have significant health implications for the horse population of Great Britain. This form of epidemiological investigation highlights potential risk factors that may be controlled to limit the extent of the problem.     

抗菌肽对蛋用仔公鸡血液免疫指标和肠道菌群的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加不同水平天蚕素抗菌肽对海兰褐蛋用仔公鸡血液免疫指标和肠道菌群的影响。选用336只1日龄健康海兰褐蛋用仔公鸡,随机分为7组,每组4个重复,每个重复12只鸡。各组分别饲喂基础饲粮(对照组)、基础饲粮+150 mg/kg金霉素(抗生素组)、基础饲粮+150、200、250、300、350 mg/kg抗菌肽(抗菌肽Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ组),试验期为42 d。结果表明:1)抗菌肽Ⅳ、Ⅴ组免疫球蛋白A含量显著高于对照组和抗生素组(P<0.05);各组免疫球蛋白G含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05),抗菌肽Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ组免疫球蛋白G含量显著高于抗生素组(P<0.05);各组免疫球蛋白M含量差异不显著(P>0.05)。2)抗菌肽组补体3含量显著高于对照组和抗生素组(P<0.05),各组补体4含量差异不显著(P>0.05),抗生素组、抗菌肽Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ组溶菌酶含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。3)各组大肠杆菌数量与对照组相比均显著降低(P<0.05),而抗菌肽Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ组显著低于抗生素组(P<0.05);抗菌肽Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ组双歧杆菌数量与对照组相比显著提高(P<0.05);抗菌肽Ⅳ、Ⅴ组乳酸杆菌数量显著高于对照组(P<0.05),各抗菌肽组乳酸杆菌数量与抗生素组差异不显著(P>0.05)。由此可见,饲粮中添加不同水平抗菌肽可在一定程度上提高蛋用仔公鸡免疫力,增加肠道益生菌双歧杆菌和乳酸杆菌的数量,并能够有效降低肠道致病菌大肠杆菌数量,添加量为350 mg/kg时效果较好。     

广东省宠物源伪中间型葡萄球菌的耐药性调查研究

为调查广东省宠物源伪中间型葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus pseudintermedius)的携带和耐药情况,从小动物临床采集皮肤、耳部和鼻腔等部位的样品,分离鉴定伪中间型葡萄球菌,并采用琼脂稀释法和纸片扩散法对伪中间型葡萄球菌进行抗菌药物敏感性检测,采用PCR方法检测mecA基因。结果表明,从898个样品中共分离到144株伪中间型葡萄球菌,检出率为16.0%,皮肤、耳部和鼻腔的伪中间型葡萄球菌检出率分别为20%(64/319)、17.8%(64/359)和7.5%(3/40)。抗菌药物敏感性检测和mecA基因检测结果显示有89株(61.8%)为耐甲氧西林伪中间型葡萄球菌(MRSP)。伪中间型葡萄球菌对氨苄西林、红霉素、阿奇霉素、克林霉素和四环素的耐药率均在80%以上,对利福平和阿米卡星的耐药率低于8%,对万古霉素、利奈唑胺、喹奴普汀/达福普汀和替考拉宁均敏感。大部分(>69%)MRSP对红霉素、克林霉素、泰乐菌素、阿奇霉素、复方新诺明、四环素、环丙沙星和恩诺沙星等抗菌药物表现耐药。本研究结果表明宠物源伪中间型葡萄球菌的耐药情况严重且MRSP的检出率高,应高度重视宠物源细菌耐药问题。     

鸡源致病性大肠埃希菌中氨基糖苷类抗生素耐药基因的检测

为了解鸡源致病性大肠埃希菌对氨基糖苷类抗生素的耐药性变化和钝化酶耐药基因的携带情况及耐药基因与耐药性的相关性,从陕西、河南、河北、山西、宁夏和甘肃6省(区)的部分规模化养鸡场的病、死鸡中分离鉴定320株致病性大肠埃希菌。采用K-B药敏纸片法检测分离菌对6种氨基糖苷类药物的敏感性,PCR方法检测6种氨基糖苷类钝化酶耐药基因,用DNA Star软件对获得的耐药基因序列与GenBank中的相关序列进行比对。结果显示,鸡源致病性大肠埃希菌分离株对庆大霉素、链霉素、妥布霉素、卡那霉素、新霉素和阿米卡星的耐药率分别为53.4%、49.3%、37.5%、34.7%、22.8%和5.3%,对妥布霉素和卡那霉素耐药率呈上升趋势,而对庆大霉素的耐药率虽呈下降趋势,但仍维持在40%以上。3重以上耐药菌株占80%(256/320)。氨基糖苷类钝化酶基因aac(3)-Ⅱ、aph(3′)-Ⅰ和aac(6′)-Ⅰ的检出率分别为50.9%、25.9%和3.1%,未检测到aac(3)-Ⅳ、ant(3′′)-Ⅰ和aph(3′)-Ⅱ基因。研究表明,分离的鸡源致病性大肠埃希菌对氨基糖苷类抗生素的耐药性普遍存在,以多重耐药为主,且对妥布霉素和卡那霉素的耐药性不断上升。耐药基因aac(3)-Ⅱ和aph(3′)-Ⅰ的检出率与其耐药性呈正相关。