蒿属植物提取物对畜禽抗氧化及抗炎功能的研究进展

为了解蒿属植物提取物对畜禽抗氧化、抗炎功能及其发挥抗肿瘤活性的研究近况,本文整理了相关文献并进行总结分析。结果表明：1）蒿属植物提取物可有效提高畜禽的抗氧化和抗炎功能,且对人的或经异种移植到小鼠体内的肿瘤细胞具有促凋亡作用。2）蒿属植物提取物通过螯合金属离子或增加铁离子还原力减少自由基的生成,并激活内源防御通路（Keap1-Nrf2/ARE和PI3K/Akt-Keap1-Nrf2/ARE）上调抗氧化酶的表达,进而缓解机体的氧化应激。3）蒿属植物提取物通过HO-1/GPX-NF-κB、TLR4/NF-κB和MAPK-NF-κB等途径抑制过量NO的生成,进而减轻机体的炎症反应。4）蒿属植物提取物通过激发肿瘤细胞ROS的生成,或经线粒体途径促进Caspase蛋白家族活化和紊乱细胞周期等方式诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡。综上所述,蒿属植物提取物通过激活相关信号通路,对畜禽机体的抗氧化和抗炎功能具有促进作用,但对于信号通路中的多功能蛋白、中间代谢产物的挖掘及通路间的交互作用仍处于探究阶段。此外,技术的发展与革新将推动蒿属植物提取物在抗氧化、抗炎及抗肿瘤方面的深入研究,也将为实践生产提供更多维度的理论指导。     

Drugs and Cosmetics from the Sea

The marine environment is a rich source of both biological and chemical diversity. This diversity has been the source of unique chemical compounds with the potential for industrial development as pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, nutritional supplements, molecular probes, fine chemicals and agrochemicals. In recent years, a significant number of novel metabolites with potent pharmacological properties has been discovered from the marine organisms. Although there are only a few marine-derived products currently on the market, several robust new compounds derived from marine natural products are now in the clinical pipeline, with more clinical development. While the marine world offers an extremely rich resource for novel compounds, it also represents a great challenge that requires inputs from various scientific areas to bring the marine chemical diversity up to its therapeutic potential.     

Bioactive Cembranoids,Sarcocrassocolides P–R,from the Dongsha Atoll Soft Coral Sarcophyton crassocaule

New cembranoids, sarcocrassocolides P–R (1–3) and four known compounds (4–7) were isolated from the soft coral Sarcophyton crassocaule. The structures of the metabolites were determined by extensive spectroscopic analysis. Compounds 3–5 and 7 were shown to exhibit cytotoxicity toward a limited panel of cancer cell lines and all compounds 1–7 displayed potent in vitro anti-inflammatory activity in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophage cells by inhibiting the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) protein. Compound 7 also showed significant activity in reducing the accumulation of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) protein in the same macrophage cells.     

茶多酚对阿尔茨海默病的防治功能与机理研究进展

阿尔茨海默病作为一种神经退行性疾病,因与认知功能相关的神经元异常而导致记忆衰退,甚至影响自主行动和吞咽。茶多酚能够有效防治阿尔茨海默病,其机制主要包括阻碍异常蛋白积累、抗氧化、影响神经递质水平、调节细胞信号转导通路及抗炎等。本文就近年来茶多酚对阿尔茨海默病的防治功能与机理方面的研究进行综述。     

Exploring Chemical Diversity of Phorbas Sponges as a Source of Novel Lead Compounds in Drug Discovery

Porifera, commonly referred to as marine sponges, are acknowledged as major producers of marine natural products (MNPs). Sponges of the genus Phorbas have attracted much attention over the years. They are widespread in all continents, and several structurally unique compounds have been identified from this species. Terpenes, mainly sesterterpenoids, are the major secondary metabolites isolated from Phorbas species, even though several alkaloids and steroids have also been reported. Many of these compounds have presented interesting biological activities. Particularly, Phorbas sponges have been demonstrated to be a source of cytotoxic metabolites. In addition, MNPs exhibiting cytostatic, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory activities have been isolated and structurally characterized. This review provides an overview of almost 130 secondary metabolites from Phorbas sponges and their biological activities, and it covers the literature since the first study published in 1993 until November 2021, including approximately 60 records. The synthetic routes to the most interesting compounds are briefly outlined.     

Screening of In-Vitro Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Activity of Sargassum ilicifolium Crude Lipid Extracts from Different Coastal Areas in Indonesia

Sargassum brown seaweed is reported to exhibit several biological activities which promote human health, such as anticancer, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activity. This study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity of crude lipid extracts of Sargassum ilicifolium obtained from four different coastal areas in Indonesia, namely Awur Bay–Jepara (AB), Pari Island–Seribu Islands (PI), Sayang Heulang Beach–Garut (SHB), and Ujung Genteng Beach–Sukabumi (UGB). Results showed that treatment of RAW 264.7 macrophage cells with UGB and AB crude lipid extracts (12.5–50 µg/mL) significantly suppressed the nitric oxide production after lipopolysaccharide stimulation, both in pre-incubated and co-incubated cell culture model. The anti-inflammatory effect was most marked in the pre-incubated cell culture model. Both two crude lipid extracts showed 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity and high ferric reducing antioxidant power, which were amounted to 36.93–37.87 µmol Trolox equivalent/g lipid extract and 681.58–969.81 µmol FeSO₄/g lipid extract, respectively. From this study, we can conclude that crude lipid extract of tropical S. ilicifolium can be further developed as a source of anti-inflammatory and antioxidant agent.     

Isolation and Characteristics of Anti-Inflammatory Peptides from Enzymatic Hydrolysates of Sandfish (Arctoscopus japonicus) Protein

In the present study, a peptide showing anti-inflammatory activity was isolated from Arctoscopus (A.) japonicus sandfish protein hydrolysate by hydrolysis and analyzed using ultrafiltration (UF), prep-high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Effects of heat, pH, salt, and intestinal proteases on stability of the isolated anti-inflammatory peptide were determined. The nitric oxide (NO) scavenging activities of the peptide from meat and roe hydrolysates were 18.43 ± 3.21% and 52.35 ± 8.85%, respectively, at a concentration of 0.1 mg/mL. The anti-inflammatory peptide maintained a similar level of NO scavenging activity to the control in the presence of salt, whereas it showed no resistance to heat, pH, and intestinal proteases. These results suggest that the anti-inflammatory peptide derived from A. japonicus could be used for producing functional foods, protein supplements, and pharmaceutical agents. However, it is necessary to find methods for protection against heat, pH, and proteolysis.     

Functional Properties of the Marine Gastropod Molluscs Chicoreus ramosus and Babylonia spirata Collected from the Southern Coast of India

ABSTRACT

This study characterized the functional properties of ethyl acetate-methanol (EA-MeOH) and chloroform extracts of the muricid gastropod Chicoreus ramosus and buccinid Babylonia spirata. The EA-MeOH extract of B. spirata was a potent quencher of radical cation (IC₉₀ < 1 mg/mL), whereas that of C. ramosus held greater anti–inflammatory potential (IC₉₀ 5-lipoxygenase inhibition 1.74 mg/mL) than the buccinid gastropod. The EA-MeOH extract of C. ramosus displayed potent antidiabetic activities as deduced by its attenuation properties against carbolytic enzymes α-amylase and α-glycosidase (IC₉₀ 1.06 and 2.25 mg/mL, respectively) than those exhibited by B. spirata (IC₉₀ 2.32 and 4.50 mg/mL, respectively). The spectroscopic dereplication studies to determine probable chemical groups in the solvent extracts of the studied gastropods revealed the presence of functionalities, which might augment the electronic properties of the bioactive principles present within the extract, thereby enhancing their activity. Thus, the present study recognized that marine gastropods C. ramosus and B. spirata have potential functional implications against oxidative stress-induced diseases, such as diabetes and inflammation. This research supports further investigation of these previously uncharacterized marine gastropod species to isolate potential bioactive leads for use against various biological targets and to develop functional food formulations.     

Functional Properties of Ethyl Acetate-methanol Extract of Commonly Edible Molluscs

ABSTRACT

Marine molluscs are consumed as culinary delicacies and represent a relatively untapped source of natural functional food ingredients. The bioactive potential of ethyl acetate-methanol (C₂H₅OAc/CH₃OH) extract of molluscs Uroteuthis duvaucelii, Amphioctopus marginatus, Crassostrea madrasensis, and Sepiella inermis were demonstrated using different in vitro systems. The C₂H₅OAc/CH₃OH extract of A. marginatus displayed greater 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazil (IC₉₀ 1.76 mg mL^?1) radical quenching capacity along with potential hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme-A reductase (HMGCR)-inhibiting activity (IC₉₀ 1.21 mg mL^?1) and angiotensin converting enzyme-I inhibitory property (ACE-I) (IC₉₀ 0.87 mg mL^?1) compared to those displayed by other molluscs. The organic extract of S. inermis set forth significantly higher pro-inflammatory 5-lipoxygenase inhibitory property (IC₉₀ 1.96 mg mL^?1) along with potential antidiabetic activity as determined by dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) antagonistic activities (IC₉₀ 2.62 mg mL^?1, P < .05). Significant correlations were observed between bioactive properties and electronegative groups of organic extracts of a mollusc. The free radical quenching property of the extracts exhibited a positive correlation towards other bioactivities, implicating the role of antioxidant property of the compounds in the extract to inhibit lifestyle ailments. The present study indicated that S. inermis and A. marginatus could be utilized as functional food ingredients to combat hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and inflammation-related risks.