泰山紫草与新疆紫草抗炎作用的初步研究(简报)

采用二甲苯致小鼠耳部肿胀法,与新疆紫草的抗炎作用相比较,探讨泰山紫草的醇提物和水提液的抗炎作用.结果表明,泰山紫草有一定的抗炎作用,其抗炎效果与新疆紫草的抗炎效果无明显区别,且与浓度呈正相关,醇提物的抗炎效果比水提液的抗炎效果好.首次报道了泰山紫草的抗炎活性,为泰山紫草的进一步开发利用提供了科学依据.     

姜黄素对乳腺炎模型小鼠细胞免疫的影响

探讨姜黄素(curcumin)对致病性金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus,S.aureus)所诱导的乳腺炎模型小鼠血液中T淋巴细胞亚群及脾脏中NK细胞活性的影响。构建小鼠乳腺炎模型,分别通过流式细胞术、ELISA法、MTT法和平板计数法检测空白对照组、模型组、阳性对照组、姜黄素组及姜黄乳炎散组血液中CD4^+T、CD8^+T活性和血清中IL-1、IL-2、IL-10的水平,脾脏中NK细胞活性及S.aureus数量的变化差异来监测各组药物抗炎效果。结果显示,相比于模型组,姜黄素组、姜黄乳炎散组和阳性对照组可显著增加乳腺炎小鼠血清中IL-2、IL-10的水平以及脾脏中NK细胞和血液中CD4^+T的活性,显著降低小鼠血清中IL-1的水平以及血液中CD8^+T活性(P<0.05),以姜黄素组效果最佳。结果表明,姜黄素对小鼠乳腺炎具有保护作用,并且姜黄素对S.aureus所诱导的小鼠乳腺炎的抗炎机制可能通过抑制IL-1和CD8^+T水平,增强IL-10、NK、CD4^+T和减少S.aureus的数量而发挥作用。姜黄素可能成为潜在的乳房炎治疗药物。     

螺旋藻抗炎和免疫增强作用的研究

试验旨在探讨螺旋藻抗炎作用及其对机体免疫功能的影响。试验通过二甲苯致小鼠耳肿胀,构建小鼠体内炎症模型,以地塞米松为阳性对照药物,以小鼠耳肿胀为观察指标,探讨螺旋藻的体内抗炎作用;通过环磷酰胺构建小鼠免疫抑制模型,以不同剂量螺旋藻处理后测定免疫抑制小鼠及正常小鼠的脏器指数、血清白细胞介素2（IL-2）、白细胞介素6（IL-6）、白细胞介素1β（IL-1β）、肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF-α）、干扰素γ（IFN-γ）水平,同时结合脾脏及胸腺病理组织学观察,探讨螺旋藻对免疫抑制小鼠及正常小鼠免疫功能的影响。结果表明,在螺旋藻对小鼠体内抗炎作用影响的试验中,0.3%螺旋藻灌胃对小鼠耳肿胀的抑制率极显著高于地塞米松对照组和其他螺旋藻处理组（P<0.01）,且螺旋藻对各试验组小鼠的脏器指数无不良影响,差异不显著（P>0.05）;在螺旋藻对小鼠免疫功能影响试验中,与空白对照组相比,环磷酰胺阳性对照组脾脏指数和胸腺指数极显著下降（P<0.01）;肝脏指数极显著上升（P<0.01）,其它各剂量螺旋藻处理组小鼠胸腺指数跟空白对照组相比差异不显著（P>0.05）,各组小鼠血清IL-2、IL-6、TNF-α、IFN-γ水平差异不显著（P>0.05）;通过病理组织学观察发现,环磷酰胺阳性对照组小鼠的脾小体萎缩、胸腺小体减少、淋巴细胞及网状细胞变性坏死,而各剂量螺旋藻处理组的脾小体和胸腺小体结构清晰完整、淋巴细胞增多。综上,螺旋藻能降低地塞米松和环磷酰胺对小鼠的免疫抑制,并且能修复小鼠脾脏和胸腺损伤,说明其在抗炎和缓解免疫抑制方面具有一定的作用。     

共轭亚油酸的生物学功能及其在动物生产中的应用

共轭亚油酸（CLA）作为一种天然的新型功能性脂肪酸,具有抗高血压、抗癌、抗糖尿病等生物学特性,其发挥不同作用的主要活性异构体不同。近年来,随着CLA人工合成成本的降低及动物营养领域研究的深入,发现CLA既可抑制促炎因子的表达和产生,促进抑炎因子的产生,达到抗炎的效果;又可调控淋巴细胞的增殖和分化、巨噬细胞的活性、促进抗体合成,调节机体体液免疫和细胞免疫,进而增强动物免疫力;CLA还可调节多种核转录因子的表达,影响脂肪酸的摄取和氧化及脂质的合成代谢,从而降低体脂沉积,提高肌内脂肪含量,改变脂肪酸组成,改善肉品质等。因此CLA在畜牧业生产中具有潜在的应用价值和广阔的市场前景。作者主要介绍了CLA在抗炎、免疫功能、脂质代谢和抗氧化等方面的作用,综述了CLA的生物学功能及其在动物生产上的应用研究进展。此外,还探讨了CLA作为饲料添加剂,其合成纯度,在不同种类动物、不同年龄阶段的最适添加量、饲喂方式等问题,旨在为其在动物生产中的合理应用提供理论参考。     

Corynebacterium equi in cattle and pigs

Summary

The cervical lymph nodes of pigs, the retropharyngeal and submandibular lymph nodes of cattle and faecal samples from both animal species were examined for the presence of Corynebacterium equi. The organism was recovered from 19 (35 per cent) of 54 porcine cervical lymph nodes and from 0 of 54 bovine retropharyngeal and submandibular lymph nodes. Fifteen (50 per cent) of 30 bovine faecal and 11 (35 per cent) of 31 porcine faecal samples yielded C. equi.     

蒲公英提取物体内抗炎作用研究

通过建立二甲苯致小鼠耳廓肿胀模型,蛋清致大鼠足趾肿胀模型及大鼠棉球肉芽肿模型,研究蒲公英提取物对毛细血管扩张和通透性亢进、渗出水肿、白细胞向炎症聚集、纤维组织增生的抑制作用.结果表明,蒲公英提取物具有明显的体内抗炎作用.     

Pharmacopuncture Analgesia Using Flunixin Meglumine Injection into the Acupoint GV1 (Ho Hai) After Elective Castration in Horses

The study evaluated the effect of a 1/10 dose of flunixin meglumine administered into the governing vessel 1 (GV1) acupoint in horses that underwent castration. Twenty animals received 0.02 mg/kg detomidine intravenously, followed by 2.2 mg/kg ketamine and 0.1 mg/kg diazepam by the same route, and also a local anesthesia with 30 mL lidocaine. As postoperative analgesia, the animals received 1.1 mg/kg flunixin meglumine IV (FIV) or 0.11 mg/kg flunixin meglumine into the GV1 acupoint (FGV). Behavioral parameters were assessed 12 hours before the procedure (baseline) and at 4, 6, 12, and 24 hours after surgery; physiological parameters were measured at baseline and at 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 16, and 24 hours after surgery. The groups did not differ regarding pain scores. Heart rate was higher in the FIV group than in the FGV group 2 hours after surgery (46 ± 5.2 bpm vs. 37 ± 8.2 bpm); gut sounds decreased at 2, 4, and 6 hours in both groups. The temperature showed a decrease after 2 hours compared with baseline in the FGV group, and the systolic blood pressure was higher in the FGV group than in the FIV group at 8 hours (158 ± 18.1 mmHg vs. 134 ± 14.5 mmHg), 10 hours (157 ± 15.5 mm Hg vs. 130 ± 11.5 mmHg), and 12 hours (151 ± 18.7 mmHg vs. 134 ± 15.8 mmHg). Pharmacopuncture was as effective as conventional dose and route of flunixin meglumine in horses that underwent elective castration under those conditions.     

Krempfielins N–P,New Anti-Inflammatory Eunicellins from a Taiwanese Soft Coral Cladiella krempfi

Three new eunicellin-type diterpenoids, krempfielins N–P (1–3), were isolated from a Taiwanese soft coral Cladiella krempfi. The structures of the new metabolites were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analysis and by comparison with spectroscopic data of related known compounds. Compound 3 exhibited activity to inhibit superoxide anion generation. Both 1 and3, in particular 1, were shown to display significant anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting the elastase release in FMLP/CB-induced human neutrophils.