河北省公路动物防疫监督检查站调查

为了解公路动物防疫监督检查站建设现状,进一步为优化行政管理措施提供参考,采用访谈、问卷等方式,对河北省设立的40个公路动物防疫监督检查站(49个站点)的地理分布、设施设备、人员、经费等情况进行调查。结果表明:河北省公路检查站分布较广,但规划布局不合理,以国道、省道的分布数量居多,高速公路的分布数量少;高速公路运输动物及动物产品的车流量远超国道和省道;检查站设施设备、消毒场所、指示标志、检疫与监督执法装备达标率不高;现有人员面临老龄化、学历低,工资保障及经费保障不足等难题。上述结果提示,应进一步完善相关法律法规,创新机制和管理制度,建立指定通道,及时调整规划布局,加大政府保障力度。     

Prevotella copri,a potential indicator for high feed efficiency in western steers

There has been a great interest to identify a microbial marker that can be used to predict feed efficiency of beef cattle. Such a marker, specifically one that would allow an early identification of animals with high feed efficiency for future breeding efforts, would facilitate increasing the profitability of cattle operations and simultaneously render them more sustainable by reducing their methane footprint. The work presented here suggests that Prevotella copri might be an ideal microbial marker for identifying beef cattle with high feed efficiency early in their life span and in the production cycle. Developing more refined quantification techniques that allow correlation of P. copri to feed efficiency of beef cattle that can be applied by lay people in the field holds great promise to improve the economy of cattle operations while simultaneously reducing their environmental impact by mitigating methane production from enteric fermentation.     

Genetic relationship of litter traits between farrowing and weaning in Landrace and Large White pigs

We estimated genetic parameters in Landrace and Large White pig populations for litter traits at farrowing (total number born, number born alive, number stillborn, total litter weight at birth (LWB), and mean litter weight at birth) and those at weaning (litter size at weaning (LSW), total litter weight at weaning (LWW), mean litter weight at weaning (MWW), and survival rate from farrowing to weaning). We analyzed 65,579 records at farrowing and 6,306 at weaning for Landrace, and 52,557 and 5,360, respectively, for Large White. Single‐trait and two‐trait repeatability animal models were exploited to estimate heritability and genetic correlation respectively. Heritability estimates of LSW were 0.09 for Landrace and 0.08 for Large White. Genetic correlations of LSW with MWW were –0.43 for Landrace and –0.24 for Large White. Genetic correlations of LSW with LWW and LWB ranged from 0.5 to 0.6. The genetic correlation of MWW with LWW was positive, but that with LWB was negligible. The results indicate that utilizing LWW or LWB could improve LSW efficiently, despite the antagonistic genetic correlation between LSW and MWW.     

piggyBac转座子在畜牧兽医科学中应用研究进展

piggyBac（PB）转座子已被证明是一种高效的非病毒基因工程操作工具,现广泛用于基因操作和转基因动物研究中。借助PB转座子已获得转基因小鼠、鸡、猪、山羊等动物。文中重点就PB转座子在畜牧兽医科学研究中的应用进行综述。     

微量元素锌在动物生产中的作用

锌作为动物必需微量元素,在动物生产中的作用受到人们的广泛关注,并做了大量研究。作者主要综述了锌在动物体中的代谢,动物生产中的作用及急需解决的问题。     

霉菌毒素免疫抑制作用的研究进展

霉菌毒素是霉菌的有毒代谢产物,对动物机体最重要的危害作用就是能够抑制动物机体的免疫机能,引起动物生长缓慢,生产性能下降,对疾病的抵抗能力降低,造成长远的经济失。同时霉菌毒素之间还有对免疫系统的协同抑制作用。作者针对饲料中几种主要的霉菌毒素对动物机体免疫抑制作用作一综述。     

驯养经济动物养殖及种群遗传多样性的研究方法

我国貉、银狐、北极狐、水貂、梅花鹿等野生动物养殖作为一项新兴的产业已成为建设新农村新的经济增长点,但是无论是野外资源的保护成效,还是人工驯养繁殖业的发展状况以及野生动物及其产品的经营利用秩序与社会需要和客观要求相比,还存在着相当大的差距。与野外环境中的种群比较,圈养种群是进行遗传学研究的最好的模型对象,对于研究野生种群近交与群体灭绝间的关系是非常合适的材料。目前国内外对于驯养经济动物与野生种群遗传多样性的研究主要集中于线粒体DNA、核糖体DNA、微卫星分子标记及主要组织相容性复合体等几个方面。作者针对目前国内外尤其是国内有关驯养经济动物养殖现状及其与野生种群形态、遗传多样性差异几个重要研究技术方面的研究进行了详细的论述和探讨,旨在通过利用我国养殖的野生小种群遗传学特性,为珍稀野生动物种群保护遗传学研究及加快国内经济动物养殖提供理论支持。