狐肺炎大肠杆菌毒力基因和耐药基因检测及药物敏感性分析

为了解河北地区狐肺炎大肠杆菌毒力基因、耐药基因的分布及耐药性情况,本研究采用PCR技术对从狐肺炎病例分离的81株大肠杆菌的毒力基因和耐药基因进行检测,采用K-B法检测这些大肠杆菌对16种抗菌药物的敏感性,采用试管二倍稀释法检测中药对大肠杆菌的最小抑制浓度(MIC)和最小杀菌浓度(MBC),采用腹腔注射法检测81株大肠杆菌对小白鼠的致病性。结果显示:此次共分离到81株大肠杆菌,且对小白鼠具有较强致病性;毒力基因irp2、fyuA、Ler、eaeA检出率分别为50.6%、56.8%、9.9%、23.5%;耐药基因blaTEM、blaOXA1、sul1、sul2、blaTEM1、blaSHV-1、blaCTX-M、strA-strB、aadA1、blaPSE1、sul3、tetA、tetB、tetC、tetD、ermF检出率分别为84.0%、69.1%、43.2%、38.3%、28.4%、4.9%、24.7%、29.6%、16.1%、9.9%、11.1%、9.9%、18.5%、8.6%、13.6%、3.7%,未检出耐药基因ermB、ermC;81株大肠杆菌均对磺胺间甲氧嘧啶、林可霉素等耐药;诃子、乌梅、五味子对81株大肠杆菌具有较好的体外抑菌作用,抑菌圈直径在20 mm～36 mm,MIC和MBC在7.81 mg/mL～62.50 mg/mL。本研究调查了河北地区狐肺炎大肠杆菌的流行情况,对狐肺炎病的防治具有重要的指导意义,更具公共卫生学意义。     

Causes of bruising in carcasses of beef cattle during farm,transport, and slaughterhouse handling in Brazil

This study aimed to assess preslaughter factors responsible for the occurrence of bruises to front, rib, loin, hip, and round sites of cattle carcasses. Data from the slaughter of 148 loads of cattle were assessed, totaling 4,611 carcasses. Evaluated bruising factor variables were animal gender, journey distance (km), vehicle type (m²), journey time (hours), load density (kg/m²), handling and facilities conditions (optimal, acceptable, and unacceptable), and unloading waiting time (min). Gender had the strongest influence on carcass bruising, being the first variable to enter in the majority of models related to the carcass sites. Female carcasses displayed higher bruising in all sites. Densities above 401 kg/m² caused more bruising. With the exception of the loin, unacceptable, and acceptable conditions assigned to farm facilities and handling resulted in higher average bruising. Articulated vehicles with a greater load capacity were more likely to cause bruising. The effects of variables causing bruises act differently in the various carcass sites. In this sense, the results of this study suggested possible management practices for specific problems during the preslaughter period to minimize losses by bruising to different carcass sites.     

无规定动物疫病区监测要求及思考

监测是证明无疫状态的关键因素,是无疫区建设管理和评估工作不可或缺的组成要素。本文论述了无疫区监测的重要性,列举了国际国内无疫区监测要求实例,探讨了监测中存在的问题及有关思考,从而提出了在制定监测方案时明确监测目标、确定监测方式的建议,以期为无疫区建设提供相关参考。     

浙江省桐乡市养殖环节动物医疗废弃物回收处置体系探索

为降低动物医疗废弃物带来的潜在风险,浙江省桐乡市开展了养殖环节强制免疫及疫病监测相关医疗废弃物回收处置体系建设工作。通过构建制度、人员、经费、监管四大保障机制,探索建立了"分类收集、定点暂存、统一回收、集中处理"的回收处置体系。养殖场(户)、各镇(街道)动物防疫服务站负责废弃物的分类收集和运送,各镇(街道)负责建设并管理维护动物医疗废弃物暂存点,医疗废弃物处置公司负责统一回收和集中处理。目前,该体系平均每周回收处理废弃物50 kg左右,回收处置率在90%以上,支付给医疗废弃物处置公司的年处置费用仅6万元左右,但仍需要在制度建设、经费保障、监督考核等方面进行完善,以期为该体系的推广运用奠定基础。     

强化新形势下动物疫病防控的主动舆论引导

新时代保障"四个安全"的更高要求,需要动物疫病防控舆论引导水平迈上新台阶。强化动物疫病防控主动舆论引导观念是科学防控动物疫病,提升动物卫生部门社会地位与形象以及协调舆论生态环境不确定性的需求。动物疫病防控主动舆论引导能力建设要围绕以下3个关键点:首先要加强面向公众和媒体的舆论引导体系和队伍建设,其次要尽快累积人兽共患突发病、外来病暴发时舆论引导的策略与技术,同时要充分发挥传统大众传播媒体的作用。     

对实验动物监督管理的探讨

本文结合我国实验动物管理现状及上海市闵行区实验动物管理实际,分析了当前实验动物管理存在的管理主体不清,难以满足动物防疫要求,缺乏检疫规程,感染人畜共患病风险较高,生物安全法律制度不完善等问题,提出了明确实验动物监督管理法律责任主体,建立适合实验动物养殖场的防疫条件审查制度,制定实验动物检疫规程,提升动物检疫员针对实验动物的检疫水平,完善实验动物生物安全法律制度等发展建议,以期为完善实验动物监管提供参考。     

河北省公路动物防疫监督检查站调查

为了解公路动物防疫监督检查站建设现状,进一步为优化行政管理措施提供参考,采用访谈、问卷等方式,对河北省设立的40个公路动物防疫监督检查站(49个站点)的地理分布、设施设备、人员、经费等情况进行调查。结果表明:河北省公路检查站分布较广,但规划布局不合理,以国道、省道的分布数量居多,高速公路的分布数量少;高速公路运输动物及动物产品的车流量远超国道和省道;检查站设施设备、消毒场所、指示标志、检疫与监督执法装备达标率不高;现有人员面临老龄化、学历低,工资保障及经费保障不足等难题。上述结果提示,应进一步完善相关法律法规,创新机制和管理制度,建立指定通道,及时调整规划布局,加大政府保障力度。     

Prevotella copri,a potential indicator for high feed efficiency in western steers

There has been a great interest to identify a microbial marker that can be used to predict feed efficiency of beef cattle. Such a marker, specifically one that would allow an early identification of animals with high feed efficiency for future breeding efforts, would facilitate increasing the profitability of cattle operations and simultaneously render them more sustainable by reducing their methane footprint. The work presented here suggests that Prevotella copri might be an ideal microbial marker for identifying beef cattle with high feed efficiency early in their life span and in the production cycle. Developing more refined quantification techniques that allow correlation of P. copri to feed efficiency of beef cattle that can be applied by lay people in the field holds great promise to improve the economy of cattle operations while simultaneously reducing their environmental impact by mitigating methane production from enteric fermentation.     

Genetic relationship of litter traits between farrowing and weaning in Landrace and Large White pigs

We estimated genetic parameters in Landrace and Large White pig populations for litter traits at farrowing (total number born, number born alive, number stillborn, total litter weight at birth (LWB), and mean litter weight at birth) and those at weaning (litter size at weaning (LSW), total litter weight at weaning (LWW), mean litter weight at weaning (MWW), and survival rate from farrowing to weaning). We analyzed 65,579 records at farrowing and 6,306 at weaning for Landrace, and 52,557 and 5,360, respectively, for Large White. Single‐trait and two‐trait repeatability animal models were exploited to estimate heritability and genetic correlation respectively. Heritability estimates of LSW were 0.09 for Landrace and 0.08 for Large White. Genetic correlations of LSW with MWW were –0.43 for Landrace and –0.24 for Large White. Genetic correlations of LSW with LWW and LWB ranged from 0.5 to 0.6. The genetic correlation of MWW with LWW was positive, but that with LWB was negligible. The results indicate that utilizing LWW or LWB could improve LSW efficiently, despite the antagonistic genetic correlation between LSW and MWW.     

Tumour necrosis factor‐related apoptosis‐inducing ligand induces apoptosis in canine hemangiosarcoma cells in vitro

Tumour necrosis factor‐related apoptosis‐inducing ligand (TRAIL) is an apoptosis‐inducing cytokine that shows potential therapeutic value for human neoplasms, and is effective in some canine tumours; however, its potential for killing canine hemangiosarcoma (HSA) cells is unknown. Thus, we evaluated the proapoptotic effect of TRAIL in nine canine HSA cell lines. Cells (JuA1, JuB2, JuB2‐1, JuB4, Re11, Re12, Re21, Ud2 and Ud6) were cultured with three recombinant human TRAILs (rhTRAILs): TRAIL‐TEC derived from Escherichia coli, TRAIL‐TL derived from mammalian cells and isoleucine zipper recombinant human TRAIL (izTRAIL) containing an isoleucine‐zippered structure that facilitates trimerization. TRAIL‐TEC did not decrease the cell viability in any of the cell lines tested, whereas the other two rhTRAILs effectively decreased the viability of all cell lines as assessed by the WST‐1 assay. In canine HSA cells, izTRAIL induced apoptosis more effectively than TRAIL‐TL. In JuB4, Re12, and Ud6 cells, izTRAIL increased the activation of caspase‐3 and caspase‐8 and caused poly (ADP‐ribose) polymerase degradation. Moreover, izTRAIL treatment increased the proportion of Annexin V+/ Propidium iodide (PI)? apoptotic cells and nuclear fragmentation in izTRAIL‐sensitive cells. These results show that rhTRAIL can induce apoptosis in canine HSA cells, but the sensitivity of TRAIL was different depending on the cell lines. Therefore, TRAIL could be an effective therapeutic agent against canine HSA, but the specific mechanism of resistance should be determined to clarify under what conditions this treatment would be most effective.