血浆蛋白粉和血球蛋白粉在早期断奶仔猪日粮中的应用

综述了血浆蛋白粉和血球蛋白粉的营养特点以及在早期断奶仔猪生产中的应用效果,为这2种动物蛋白饲料的合理利用提供一定的理论基础。     

Dominant sources of dietary carbon and nitrogen for shrimp reared in extensive rice-shrimp ponds

Stable isotope analysis was used to determine the sources of dietary nitrogen (N) and carbon (C) for shrimp during the rearing phase in extensive rice‐shrimp ponds in My Xuyen and Gia Rai districts, Vietnam. Farm‐made feed was added as a food source in shrimp ponds in My Xuyen district, and based on stable isotope analyses, was generally a poor dietary source. The commercial formulated feed used in Gia Rai also appeared to contribute little directly to the nutritional needs of the shrimp. In contrast, the natural biota in all ponds appeared to contribute substantially. In particular, biota from beam trawls and benthic organic matter were the most likely sources of nutrition in My Xuyen ponds, while benthic organic matter was the main source in Gia Rai ponds. δ¹⁵N ratios in the natural biota in My Xuyen farms decreased over the growing season, suggesting increased N fixation in the case of the benthic organic matter reaching values as low as 1‰. This suggests N‐limitation in the ponds and that natural biota become increasingly dependent on N fixed by algae and/or other microorganisms. There is the potential to promote the growth of the plankton and hence, the other natural biota, by the judicious addition of fertilizer.     

两种盐度下凡纳滨对虾饲料中的最适动植物蛋白比

试验研究了不同盐度下（3和22）,以鱼粉和大豆浓缩蛋白为蛋白源,配制6种不同动植物蛋白比的饲料对凡纳滨对虾生长、成活和肝胰腺可溶性蛋白质含量的影响,饲养试验为期40 d。结果显示：（1）饲料动植物蛋白比可显著影响凡纳滨对虾增重率、成活率、肝体指数、肥满度和肝胰腺中可溶性蛋白质含量。增重率随饲料动植物蛋白比升高而升高,但当饲料中动植物蛋白比升至29∶8时,增重率不再明显升高,其它指标均先随饲料动植物蛋白比升高至一定程度,而后则稍有下降;（2）盐度22组对虾的增重率、成活率和肥满度显著高于盐度3组对虾,肝体指数却显著低于盐度3组,不同的盐度对凡纳滨对虾肝胰腺可溶性蛋白含量的影响不显著;（3）双因素方差分析结果显示,盐度和饲料动植物蛋白比对凡纳滨对虾增重率、成活率和肝体指数存在显著交互作用,最大值分别出现在盐度22下全动物蛋白饲料组、盐度22下全动物蛋白和动植物蛋白为29∶8的饲料组、盐度3下饲料动植物蛋白比为14∶23的饲料组中;（4）Broken-Line分析表明,3‰盐度下凡纳滨对虾最适饲料蛋白比为29.12∶7.79~30.29∶6.71,盐度22时为26.05∶10.95~29.03∶7.44。结果提示,饲料中氨基酸的组成和含量会随配方中动植物蛋白配比而改变,且不同盐度下凡纳滨对虾对饲料中动植物蛋白比的要求有所不同,但配饵中适当的动植物蛋白比可以满足虾对各种氨基酸的适宜需求。因此,在养殖过程中,需结合实际的养殖环境和饲料蛋白源种类,来设计适宜的实用饲料配方,这样才能达到降低生产成本,提高经济效益的目的。     

湖北省国家一级保护野生动物的现状与保护对策

笔者就湖北省分布的23种国家一级保护动物的种群数量、分布情况进行描述,并提出了相应的保护对策。     

苏尼特羊营养补偿初期钙、磷、氮代谢研究

将45只处于妊娠后期(90～150 d)的苏尼特母羊随机分成4组,以不同的营养水平(ME:0.20、0.33、0.44、0.86MJ·kg-1·W-0.75·d-1)分组饲养,分娩后进行补偿生长试验,研究妊娠后期不同营养限制程度的母羊在补偿初期(分娩后0～6周)对饲料中钙、磷以及氮的代谢规律.结果表明,受限制各组母羊在补偿初期,随着受限程度的降低,钙、磷平衡(g·d-1)值呈升高的趋势,氮平衡(g·d-1)值呈下降的趋势.     

Soil fertility ‐ crop genotype associations and interactions 1

This paper discusses the opportunities to combine the efforts of plant geneticists and soil scientists to develop crop varieties adapted to the existing soil conditions and techniques used for production. Such research should result in improved varieties for the best as well as poorest of soil and production situations.     

Is PLOS ONE Attracting Highly Cited Papers in the Food Sciences? Comparing Authors' Most Cited Work to Their PLOS ONE Articles Published 2006–2016

Since 2007, the Open Access journal PLOS ONE has published 194,622 expert-reviewed scientific papers, including 85 related to the human food sciences such as food safety, general food science, and nutrition. Seventy-five of their corresponding authors had previously published. Their most cited articles in other journals were identified and citation counts compared against those earned by their PLOS ONE papers. No PLOS ONE food sciences paper has yet been cited more than an author's best effort in the field in other journals. More than half (38) of the 75 PLOS ONE papers studied remain uncited even by their own authors.     

果糖的利用现状及其与现代流行病的关系研究进展

果糖作为一种大多数水果中普遍存在的成分,长时间被人们所食用。20世纪70年代果糖生产技术瓶颈获得突破,被商品化应用于饮料、焙烤食品、蜜饯类等诸多食品当中,直至20世纪末期果糖因其甜度高、口感醇、代谢途径不同于蔗糖,而一直被认为是一种可取代蔗糖的具有保健功能的糖类,并推荐作为糖尿病患者的食用糖。近年来,随着研究手段的提高、研究人员对果糖营养学问题的更加关注,很多新的研究发现,果糖的大量食用可导致一些现代常见流行病的发生,如心脏病、心血管疾病、高血压、血液指标异常、增加代谢综合征的出现几率,甚至增加癌症的发病几率。通过对近年来果糖相关的营养学问题、食用安全性问题,以及果糖与现代流行病的关系进行阐述,为合理利用果糖提供一定的参考依据。     

大豆连作土壤肥力变化与有害生物发生的关系

1995—2003年采用定点定期采样系统调查与室内测定相结合的方法,针对连作大豆土壤营养含量、病虫基数与植株体营养,生物学性状、病虫草发生及产量品质的关系进行了研究,并对各相关性状间的关系进行了系统的统计分析,建立了数学模型,对指导大豆的高产优质栽培具有重要的意义。     

根系不同分隔方式下油菜和鹰嘴豆对小麦锰营养的影响

通过根系分隔盆栽试验,研究了油菜和鹰嘴豆对小麦生长及锰营养的影响.结果表明:与油菜或鹰嘴豆混作能显著改善小麦生长及锰营养,其地上部干质量和吸收锰量均以根系不分隔处理显著高于根系完全分隔处理,但油菜和鹰嘴豆的生长受小麦抑制,表现为不分隔处理地上部干质量及吸锰量显著低于完全分隔.不施锰小麦/油菜和小麦/鹰嘴豆混作体系中,根系不分隔处理小麦根区土壤DTPA-Mn含量显著高于其他分隔方式,且油菜或鹰嘴豆地上部植株锰含量显著高于相应的混作小麦,在锰胁迫条件下,油菜和鹰嘴豆根系活化的土壤锰可被小麦吸收利用.因此与油菜或鹰嘴豆混作是改善小麦锰营养的有效途径之一.