A proposal to leverage high-quality veterinary diagnostic laboratory large data streams for animal health,public health,and One Health

Test data generated by ~60 accredited member laboratories of the American Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians (AAVLD) is of exceptional quality. These data are captured by 1 of 13 laboratory information management systems (LIMSs) developed specifically for veterinary diagnostic laboratories (VDLs). Beginning ~2000, the National Animal Health Laboratory Network (NAHLN) developed an electronic messaging system for LIMS to automatically send standardized data streams for 14 select agents to a national repository. This messaging enables the U.S. Department of Agriculture to track and respond to high-consequence animal disease outbreaks such as highly pathogenic avian influenza. Because of the lack of standardized data collection in the LIMSs used at VDLs, there is, to date, no means of summarizing VDL large data streams for multi-state and national animal health studies or for providing near-real-time tracking for hundreds of other important animal diseases in the United States that are detected routinely by VDLs. Further, VDLs are the only state and federal resources that can provide early detection and identification of endemic and emerging zoonotic diseases. Zoonotic diseases are estimated to be responsible for 2.5 billion cases of human illness and 2.7 million deaths worldwide every year. The economic and health impact of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is self-evident. We review here the history and progress of data management in VDLs and discuss ways of seizing unexplored opportunities to advance data leveraging to better serve animal health, public health, and One Health.     

A review of okara (soybean curd residue) utilization as animal feed: Nutritive value and animal performance aspects

Year by year, huge quantities of by-products are generated during the manufacturing process of soybean-based products. Okara is one of the by-products, and it is an insoluble portion of the soybean. It consists of high moisture (8.4–22.9%); on dry matter basis, it contains high metabolizable energy (9.0–14.2 MJ/kg) and other components that include crude protein (20.9–39.1%), crude fiber (12.2–61.3%), crude fat (4.9–21.5%), and ash (3.4–5.3%). Fermentation of okara improves its nutritional quality and reduces its anti-nutrient contents. Due to animals' palatability, okara can be used to replace the soybean meal/concentrate feed partially or completely in ruminant's diet and partially in nonruminant's diet. Okara feeding does not depress the intake, digestibility, growth, milk production, blood metabolic profiles, and meat quality of animals. However, this by-product decays quickly due to its high moisture content, and its heavy weight and sticky nature make it difficult to process and expensive to dry using conventional methods. This paper thoroughly summarizes the utilization of okara as animal feed in the cause of developing a general guideline with favorable levels of inclusion in the diets of animals for its exploitation and valorization. This review will encourage further research to develop eco-friendly and value added feed for animals.     

立足大国农业,培养"养猪达人""猪生产技术"课程思政教学改革探索

文章以畜牧兽医类专业核心课程“猪生产技术”育人目标为出发点,结合“课程思政”的教育理念,阐述“猪生产技术”课程思政实施必要性,探索课程思政元素挖掘和教学实施,将爱国情怀、生态保护、责任担当、职业素养、团队协作、食品安全等思政元素融入课程教学过程中,旨在探索专业课程内容与思政内容融合要点,从而提高学生的专业素养、职业素养和道德水平。     

畜产品中兽药残留原因及危害

在畜禽饲养管理过程中使用违禁药物或滥用药物,使用饲料添加剂或超量用药,不遵守休药期规定等均可引起畜产品兽药残留。同时饲养环境遭到污染也能致使药物残留,并且我国关于食品安全的法律法规不健全、监管力度不够等,致使畜产品中药物残留问题更加严重。人体摄入存在药物残留的食品后,不仅会引起急性、慢性或蓄积性中毒,还会致使机体细菌产生耐药性,甚至污染整个生活环境等。     

新农业综合执法指导下我国动物卫生监督工作对策

动物产品作为日常饮食结构的重要组成内容,直接关乎人民健康和社会安定,因此动物卫生监督工作责任重大。动物卫生监督作为农业综合执法的一项基本工作内容,在执法改革过程中仍有许多问题制约着动物卫生监督工作的有效开展。该文从执法力量、职责划分、兽医数量、专业水平、执法环境和市场监管6个方面分析动物卫生监督工作中的不足,并提出对策。     

畜牧养殖中动物疾病病因及防控

畜牧养殖是山东省无棣县车王镇的重点产业,近年发展速度较快,显著促进了地区居民的增收致富。在畜牧养殖过程中,动物疾病防控是关键管理环节。为提升动物疾病防控成效,需深入分析动物疾病的出现原因,采取针对性的解决对策,最大程度控制动物疾病的发生与影响。     

农村畜禽疫病防控存在问题及解决方案

畜禽防疫工作事关人们身体健康、畜禽行业健康稳定发展。该文分析农村畜禽疫病防控现存问题,提出相应的对策。     

豫西丘陵地区果牧结合立体生态园设计的探讨

根据豫西丘陵地区生态、经济、社会条件以及目前农牧业生产中存在的突出问题，提出果牧结合立体生态园建设是该地区生态农业发展的重要途径。并在调查和初步研究基础上设计了“畜（禽）—果”、“畜（禽）—沼—果”等果牧结合模式，分析了生态园建设研究中要探讨的具体内容。     

以沼气为纽带的西藏农牧业清洁生产模式研究

为了解决因长期不合理施用化肥导致的西藏土壤理化性状、营养元素、有机物质、生物学活性和重金属含量等问题,提出了以沼气为纽带的西藏农牧业清洁生产的3种模式,均以沼肥综合利用促进沼气发展为目标的,集养殖、沼气、种植为一体的循环农牧业清洁生产模式。同时,阐述了农牧业清洁生产的内涵和目标,以及西藏发展农牧业清洁生产的条件、模式、存在的问题及解决对策,为解决长期不合理施用化肥而导致的一系列问题提供思路。该研究有利于实现资源循环利用,实现生态农业与无公害农产品的生产,保护农牧区生态环境,促进西藏农牧业的可持续发展。