畜禽粪便中残留抗生素对厌氧消化影响的研究进展

厌氧消化技术处理畜禽粪便,既可以减少环境污染,又能够实现废物无害化、资源化。但畜禽粪便中残留的抗生素对厌氧菌的活性有很大影响,进而影响厌氧消化效果。目前含抗生素类畜禽粪便的厌氧消化处理的可行性受到广泛关注。概述了抗生素在畜禽养殖业中的应用现状和潜在危害,分析了抗生素对厌氧消化产气效果和微生物种群的影响及抗生素的厌氧降解情况,并对今后的研究重点和研发方向提出建议和展望,以期为含抗生素类畜禽粪便厌氧消化处理提供理论支持。     

The use of epidemiology to enhance production animal research

The approach to understanding the impact of management and disease in production animal systems has evolved with the advent of both routine on-farm data collection and new analytic epidemiology techniques. Epidemiology provides a tool to describe the host-agent-environment triad and the impact of multiple variables on productivity and health recognized by production animal veterinarians in their day-to-day work. Field trials enable veterinarians to systematically test whether or not a new treatment improves the health of the animal populations in their geographic region and under their production systems. Hypothesis-specific coding techniques, such as hierarchical variables, are used in a systematic manner to understand well-defined biological phenomenon. Clustering at multiple levels has provided the challenges of measuring management changes in each level. Using random effects models allow us to determine the relative importance of each level on the dependent variable. As epidemiologists, we have taken advantage of analytic techniques used in other fields of science. Geo-spatial statistics has been used to understand the clustering and spread of diseases and more recently, to interpret the laboratory findings related to the introduction of an exotic strain of the influenza virus. Dr. Martin, through his work as a veterinary epidemiologist and that of people he has influenced, has been an international leader in promoting the optimal health and productivity of animal populations and of ensuring the safety of foods of animal origin and preventing animal-related disease in humans.     

乌拉盖牧场草原畜牧业生产系统诊断

本文运用系统工程的理论和方法，对国营乌拉盖牧场的自然环境和社会环境条件进行辩识与分析，找出资源的优势与劣势，以及各种社会经济条件及其组合的影响程度和作用方式。运用诊断模型对畜牧业生产现状进行系统诊断，找出19个病因，从中发现制约该场草原畜牧业生产的终极原因、解决办法和起动因子。通过会诊和检测，运用数学的方法再现科学技术与政策对一个地区或企业的极端重要性，揭示了资本的输入对贫困落后的地区或企业所能起到的重要作用和影响程度。     

国内外发展草地畜牧业的现状与发展趋势

草地畜牧业在我国畜牧业经济中的比重不断增加,草地畜牧业的发展是关系到我国牧民增收、牧区经济发展的大问题。文章综述了国内外发展草地畜牧业现状,指出了我国发展草地畜牧业取得的成绩及存在的问题;借鉴国外发展草地畜牧业的成功经验,预测了我国草地畜牧业的发展趋势。     

实验动物房消毒试验研究

选用５种常用消毒药物进行消毒试验,抑菌试验。结果表明实验动物房选择消毒药物的顺序为：乳酸、醋酸钠、百毒杀、卫康、过氧乙酸,消毒间隔以３个月为宜。     

畜牧兽医执法办案应注意的问题之我见

结合畜牧兽医执法工作实践,总结了10项执法工作中经常遇到的问题,并有针对性的提出了处理建议,以便为国内畜牧兽医执法人员正确执法办案提供参考。     

绵羊实验性硒过多症的研究Ⅰ.硒过多症动物模型的建立

对14只绵羊以0.1％亚硒酸钠液肌肉注射,逐渐增加剂量,历时3～4个月,复制出了慢性硒过多症动物模型。此动物模型是随着硒在体内的不断累积,呈现起病、中毒和致死三个不同的效应阶段,血硒水平在0.30、0.50、及1.00μg/ml以上,依次分别作为三个效应阶段的临界值。     

甘肃省临洮县畜牧业发展现状及对策研究

阐述了甘肃省临洮县畜牧业发展现状,指出其存在的问题,并提出了对策,以期促进临洮县畜牧业的发展。     

Ultra‐frequent HRAS p.Q61R somatic mutation in canine acanthomatous ameloblastoma reveals pathogenic similarities with human ameloblastoma

Ameloblastoma is a locally aggressive odontogenic tumour that occurs in humans and dogs. Most ameloblastomas (AM) in humans harbour mutually‐exclusive driving mutations in BRAF, HRAS, KRAS, NRAS or FGFR2 that activate MAPK signalling, and in SMO that activates Hedgehog signalling. The remarkable clinical and histological similarities between canine acanthomatous ameloblastoma (CAA) and AM suggest they may harbour similar driving mutations. In this study, aimed at characterizing the mutational status of SMO, BRAF, HRAS, KRAS, NRAS and FGFR2 in CAA, we used RNA sequencing, Sanger sequencing and restriction fragment length polymorphism assays to demonstrate that 94% of CAA (n = 16) harbour a somatic HRAS p.Q61R mutation. The similarities in MAPK‐activating mutational profiles between CAA and AM implicate conserved molecular mechanisms of tumorigenesis, thus, qualifying the dog as a potentially useful model of disease. Given the relevance of RAS mutations in the pathogenesis of odontogenic tumours and other types of cancer, the results of this study are of comparative, translational, and veterinary value.