我国畜禽舍机械式降温系统的研究与发展现状

论述了我国畜禽舍机械式降温系统的研究与应用现状;比较分析了各种降温系统的优缺点与应用条件;考虑到设备投资与应用成本,认为采用正压送风的湿帘冷风机具有较大的应用潜力,集中式雾化降温系统和喷雾冷风机具有一定的优势;同时,指出了喷雾降温系统的研究重点是开发低成本的设备和完善适用于低压喷雾的集中式雾化降温系统的水雾分离装置.     

猪场生产管理系统的设计与实现

养猪业是我国农村经济支柱产业,随着猪场管理的集约化程度不断得到提高,对生产过程的优化和管理提出了更高的要求.将信息技术应用到猪场生产管理中对提高猪场的生产管理水平、降低生产成本,提高经济效益具有重要意义.为此,在对猪场业务进行深入分析的基础上,提出了猪场生产管理系统设计框架,把该系统划分为生猪管理、猪舍管理、用户管理、成本管理4大部分,并采用自顶向下的模块化的设计和面向对象的程序设计方法开发了一套完整的信息系统.     

基于MVC设计模式的奶牛繁殖智能提醒系统

在奶牛场管理中,根据奶牛繁殖过程的生命周期性,从其生物特性和生理特点等各个管理角度出发,在.NET环境下,采用MVC设计模式来构造奶牛繁殖智能提醒系统,并应用到奶牛场,从而为奶牛生产者提供技术支持,以实现牛场生产过程的数字化和智能化.     

黑龙江省奶牛小区建设生产关键环节的探讨

随着奶牛养殖业的快速、持续发展,饲料浪费、环境污染和奶牛疫病等问题日益突出,加快推进畜牧业生产方式转变已成为人们的共识.各地在转变生产方式的实践中总结出了很多行之有效的方法,其中养殖小区就是比较普遍的一种.为此,对黑龙江省奶牛小区的建设、生产中的关键环节及关键技术进行了深入细致的分析和阐述,旨在为黑龙江省奶牛养殖小区的规划设计、建设施工和生产运行提供理论依据.     

Degradation Studies of the Non-lethal Bird Repellent,Methyl Anthranilate

Methyl anthranilate (MA), a food grade flavor and fragrance additive, has been reported to be an effective non-lethal bird repellent in a variety of situations. Despite the experimental success of MA, field studies have yielded widely differing levels of efficacy. Diminished efficacy in some field trials probably results from the failure of specific formulations to retain or protect the active ingredient under natural conditions. Therefore, a clearer understanding of the physical and chemical factors affecting the stability of MA is needed. We undertook a series of laboratory studies on hydrolysis, photolysis and microbial degradation of MA, the results of which could be useful in the development of appropriate formulation strategies and residue analyses. We found the n-octanol:water partition coefficient, (P) to be 84. MA is not subject to hydrolysis at 25°C in phosphate buffer media at pH 5·0, 7·0 and 9·0. MA slowly photodegrades under simulated UV ‘sunlight’. Forty-four percent of MA is lost after 432 h illuminance at 1·25 mW cm⁻², which is equivalent to approximately 1200 h natural sunlight (40°N, noontime, June). Kinetic data indicate that the initial step of photolysis, subsequent to excitation, is a second-order reaction with respect to MA. A major photodegradation product appeared in an amount of about 10% of the mass balance and was determined to be an oxidized trimer of MA. MA is primarily affected by aerobic microbial degradation. For a 12:12 h light:dark, under laboratory illumination, 12% of water-solubilized material can be lost in the first seven days. Losses were 30% and 42% at 16 and 27 days, respectively. Under conditions of optimal bacterial growth (warmth and darkness) loss of MA was 22% at nine days and 100% by 20 days. The susceptibility of MA to microbial degradation is promising for the prospects of developing formulated, environmentally safe, bird repellents.     

贵州省畜产品质量安全问题

为了提高畜产品的质量安全,确保畜牧业稳定、持续发展,对贵州省畜产品质量安全的现状、存在问题及原因、今后发展对策等,进行了全方位探讨。     

动物腹腔手术后粘连的成因及防制概述

就术后粘连发生的诱因、发生机理进行了阐述,并结合动物粘连模型的试验研究结果及临床研究结果,对预防腹腔手术后粘连的药物和方法进行了综述。     

Embryo-mediated genome editing for accelerated genetic improvement of livestock

Selecting beneficial DNA variants is the main goal of animal breeding. However, this process is inherently inefficient because each animal only carries a fraction of all desirable variants. Genome editing technology with its ability to directly introduce beneficial sequence variants offers new opportunities to modernize animal breeding by overcoming this biological limitation and accelerating genetic gains. To realize rapid genetic gain, precise edits need to be introduced into genomically-selected embryos, which minimizes the genetic lag. However, embryo-mediated precision editing by homology-directed repair (HDR) mechanisms is currently an inefficient process that often produces mosaic embryos and greatly limits the numbers of available edited embryos. This review provides a summary of genome editing in bovine embryos and proposes an embryo-mediated accelerated breeding scheme that overcomes the present efficiency limitations of HDR editing in bovine embryos. It integrates embryo-based genomic selection with precise multi-editing and uses embryonic cloning with elite edited blastomeres or embryonic pluripotent stem cells to resolve mosaicism, enable multiplex editing and multiply rare elite genotypes. Such a breeding strategy would enable a more targeted, accelerated approach for livestock improvement that allows stacking of beneficial variants, even including novel traits from outside the breeding population, in the most recent elite genetic background, essentially within a single generation.     

山西省畜禽粪污土地承载力及粪尿替代化肥潜力分析

为明确山西省畜牧业的发展规模,优化畜牧业发展的空间格局,进一步为山西省农牧业实现绿色发展提供科学依据。研究基于农牧生产系统养分平衡的方法,测算了山西省县域尺度的畜禽粪污土地承载力。结果表明,山西省的种植业与畜牧业发展规模在空间上存在一定的错位,种植业发达的地区主要分布在省域南部和中部的区县,而畜牧业发达的地区则分布在省域北部、中部和东南部的区县;山西省当前的畜牧业发展规模折合为2 371.77万猪当量,以粪尿氮作为约束指标,山西畜牧业可发展规模为5 976.01万猪当量;以粪尿磷(纯磷,下同)作为约束指标,山西畜牧业可发展规模为7 212.27万猪当量。综合粪尿氮磷承载力指数结果分析,超载区域主要分布在省域北部种植业欠发达的区县和省城太原周边的区县;全省粪尿氮、磷的有效供给量分别为18.28万t和3.15万t,可以分别有效替代氮、磷肥39.79%和33.21%。无论以粪尿氮或磷作为约束指标,山西畜牧业整体上仍有较大的发展空间,可适度增加畜禽养殖规模,但需要关注城市近郊区县的畜禽粪尿氮磷的环境排放和大中型养殖企业的点源污染问题。在畜禽粪尿养分资源管理策略上,则应考虑优化农牧业生产布局和区域间协同管理。     

鹿、貂、狐、貉养殖业应纳入畜牧业范畴

针对近年来养殖界在鹿、貂、狐、貉等特种经济动物的管理体制和执法上产生的争议,较系统地阐述了野生动物和家畜(禽)的区别,野生动物驯养繁殖与养殖业的关系等有关学术概念,并对生产技术成熟,已形成各自独立产业的鹿、狐、貂等特种经济动物在管理体制上存在的问题,提出了按照《畜牧法》和相关畜牧兽医法律法规进行管理的合理化建议。