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11.
研究了铝(Ⅲ)或铁(Ⅲ)-二溴苯基荧光酮(DB-PF)-溴化十六烷基二甲基氨基乙酸(CDMAA)体系的显色条件。提出用双波长分光光度法同时测定铝和铁的简便、快速和灵敏的方法,测定铝的波长对为562 ̄648nm,测定铁的波长对为596 ̄551nm,该法用于无机材料立方氮化硼中微量氧化铝和氧化铁的直接测定,结果满意。 相似文献
12.
This study determined the uptake of three model compounds, applied in the presence and absence of surfactants, into the leaves of three plant species (Chenopodium album L, Hedera helix L and Stephanotis floribunda Brongn). The results with 2-deoxy-D-glucose, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and epoxiconazole in the presence ofsurfactants (the polyethylene glycol monododecyl ethers C12EO3, C12EO6, C12EO10 and a trisiloxane ethoxylate with mean EO of 7.5, all used at one equimolar concentration and therefore different percentage concentrations) illustrate that the initial dose (nmol mm(-2)) of xenobiotic applied to plant foliage is a strong positive determinant of uptake. This held true for all the xenobiotics studied over a wide concentration range in the presence of these surfactants. Uptake on a unit area basis (nmol mm(-2)) could be related to the initial dose of xenobiotic applied per unit area (ID) by an equation of the form: Uptake = a [ID]b at time t = 24h. ID is given by the mass of xenobiotic applied, M divided by the droplet spread area, A. Total mass uptake is then calculated from an equation of the form: Total Uptake = a [ID]b x A. 相似文献
13.
14.
The effects of adjuvants on the performance of a dispersible concentrate formulation (DCI) of a novel powdery mildew fungicide, 1-(4-chlorobenzyl)-4-phenylpiperidine (I) were investigated. The method involved assessment, under glasshouse conditions, of the therapeutic (curative) control of infections of powdery mildew (Erysiphe graminis DC f.sp. hordei Marchal) on barley (Hordeum vulgare, L.) eight to nine days after spray application to plants that had been inoculated one day prior to spraying. The results from the first trial showed that marked improvements (∽five-fold) in the performance of DCI could be obtained by the spray tank addition of some types of surfactant adjuvants and a series of further trials investigating a wide range of adjuvants was conducted. Nonylphenol, alkylamine and alcohol ethoxylates varying in mean ethylene oxide content between 5 and 20 moles were highly effective. There were indications that optimum performance enhancements were obtained with these surfactants containing between 5 and 10 moles ethylene oxide. Lower enhancements, sometimes only marginal, were obtained from trisiloxane, phosphate ester, propylene oxide, alkylamine-propylene oxide and castor oil ethoxylates and also alkyl polyglucoside biosurfactants. Negligible adjuvant enhancements were observed with emulsifiable paraffinic/naphthenic and rape seed oils, though slightly better enhancements were seen with an emulsifiable transmethylated rape seed oil and, interestingly, larger enhancements with an emulsifiable lipophilic alcohol. A final trial identified the alcohol ethoxylate, ‘Dobanol’ 91-6, as the most effective adjuvant and that its optimum application rate under glasshouse conditions was 250 g ha-1. This information will be used to guide the design of field trials. © 1997 SCI 相似文献
15.
表面活性剂对乙烯菌核利光解的影响 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
研究了6种表面活性剂对乙烯菌核利在液相和固相表面光解的影响.结果表明,高压汞灯下,表面活性剂对乙烯菌核利液相光解的光猝灭效应随其添加浓度的不同而存在显著差异;但在玻片表面上,不同添加浓度对光猝灭效应的影响差异较小.太阳光下,SLS、SLBS、CTAB和S-20对乙烯菌核利的液相光解表现为光敏化效应;但在玻片上,只有SDS表现为光敏化效应. 相似文献
16.
BS-12+DAS复配修饰膨润土对苯酚、菲的不同吸附模式和机理 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
为探究阴离子型表面修饰剂对两性修饰膨润土吸附不同类型有机污染物的影响,采用阴离子型表面修饰剂正十烷基磺酸钠(DAS)对两性修饰剂十二烷基二甲基甜菜碱(BS-12)修饰膨润土进行复配修饰,恒温浸泡处理法研究复配修饰膨润土对疏水性不同的有机污染物苯酚和菲的吸附模式差异及原因,并对比了不同温度、pH和离子强度条件下供试土样吸附苯酚及菲的吸附量及表观热力学参数。结果表明:BS+DAS复配修饰土样对苯酚及菲的吸附量随DAS修饰比例的增大而减小,且苯酚吸附量变化更为显著,复配修饰土样对苯酚的吸附模式为"无限"型分配吸附,对菲为"有限"型分配吸附;供试土样对苯酚及菲的吸附均为物理吸附,呈现增温负效应;pH升高促进了供试土样对苯酚的吸附,抑制了菲的吸附;离子强度在0.001~0.1 mol L~(-1)范围内,可促进供试土样对苯酚及菲的吸附;热力学参数结果表明,BS+DAS两性复配修饰膨润土对苯酚及菲的吸附是自发的物理吸附过程,DAS增大了土样表面正辛醇/水分配系数的对数(logP),造成了苯酚及菲吸附模式的不同,结果证实,以化学修饰方式增强土样有机碳含量以增加对不同疏水性有机污染物的吸附,不但要考虑有机碳含量的影响,同时也要考虑土样表面有机相和污染物之间"相溶性"的差异。 相似文献
17.
本文研究了在非离子表面活性剂存在下,5-Br-PADN与Mn(Ⅱ)的显色反应及其应用.所拟方法能满意地用分光光度法测定钢样中的微量锰. 相似文献
18.
简述了纳滤膜技术应用于天然活性物质提取的优点。从发明专利角度综述了纳滤膜提取植物的果实、叶子及动物的体液、软骨、内脏中活性成分的国内应用。展望了纳滤技术在该领域应用的发展前景。第2期刘超锋纳滤膜在植物叶子、果实及动物体液、软骨、内脏的活性物质提取中的应用 相似文献
19.
This study has determined the uptake of three pesticides, applied as commercial or model formulations in the presence of a wide range of surfactants, into the leaves of three plant species (bentazone into Chenopodium album L. and Sinapis alba L., epoxiconazole and pyraclostrobin into Triticum aestivum L.). The results have confirmed previous findings that the initial dose (nmol mm(-2)) of xenobiotic applied to plant foliage is a strong, positive determinant of uptake. This held true for all the pesticide formulations studied, although surfactant concentration was found to have an effect. The lower surfactant concentrations studied showed an inferior relationship between the amount of xenobiotic applied and uptake. High molecular mass surfactants also produced much lower uptake than expected from the dose uptake equations in specific situations. 相似文献
20.
非离子表面活性剂对柴油在水/土壤界面间吸附的影响 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
通过静态吸附实验,研究了北京土壤对非离子表面活性剂Brij30和Brij35的吸附行为,考察了温度和溶液pH值对Brij30和Brij35吸附的影响,探讨了非离子表面活性剂对柴油吸附的影响。结果表明,6种土样对Brij30的吸附等温线均较好地符合“S”型多分子层吸附,而对Brij35的吸附等温线均较好地符合Langmuir型单分子层吸附;6种土壤吸附能力的大小顺序为轻壤土〉轻粘土〉中壤土〉砂壤土〉重壤土〉紧砂土。同一土壤中,Brij30的吸附量大于B叫35的吸附量。温度升高有利于Brij30和Brij35在土壤颗粒物上的吸附,溶液pH值的升高不利于Brij30和Brij35在土壤中的吸附。Brij30和Brij35对柴油的解吸率最高分别可达22.5%和58.1%,说明Brij30和Brij35均利于柴油在土壤表面的解吸,且Brij35的解吸效果更好。 相似文献