Quantification of Aluminum-Induced Changes in Wheat Root Architecture by X-ray Microcomputed Tomography

Root architectural traits are of fundamental importance for plant performance, especially under unfavorable soil conditions. This study examined the effect of aluminum (Al) toxicity in different growing media (nutrient solutions and soil) on root architecture of two wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars with different Al tolerances. Seedlings were grown in acidic and limed soil and in two contrasting nutrient solutions. Root systems of soil-grown plants were scanned using x-ray microcomputed tomography (µCT) while that of nutrient solution–grown plants were assesses using WinRhizo, 3 and 5 days after planting (DAP), respectively. Aluminum caused significant reduction of all examined root traits (number of seminal roots, root length, length of the longest seminal root, root surface area, and root volume). Growth in acidic soil caused significant reduction in root length, length of the longest seminal root, and root surface area at 5 DAP. Soil-grown plants produced a larger root system compared to plants grown in nutrient solutions. Aluminum toxicity–induced differences of root traits were also found between different nutrient solutions. Beside the well-known reduction of root length, Al toxicity had a profound effect on other root architectural traits. X-ray µCT has revealed root architectural changes under specific conditions of acidic, Al-toxic soil. Differences obtained in Al-induced effects on root architecture between different nutrient solutions as well as between different growing systems emphasize the need for further study of root architecture, especially under specific conditions of Al toxicity in acidic soils.     

Tolerance of Triticum Species to Aluminum*

A total of 523 accessions of 25 Triticum species were screened for tolerance of aluminum in solution. Only 22 accessions were identified with some root re growth following exposure w culture solutions containing 12 ppm aluminum. Interestingly, 15 of these 22 accessions were species with the Un genome (T. uniaristatum). The level of aluminum tolerance of none of these 22 accessions is as high as that of the cultivar ‘Atlas 66’.     

红壤施用不同有机酸解铝毒效果的比较

以黑麦草为供试植物,进行了施用柠檬酸和草酸解除红壤铝毒的生物盆栽试验。结果表明,施用包膜有机酸比非包膜有机酸具有更好的解铝毒效果,其效果随施用浓度的增加而显著提高,且包膜柠檬酸比包膜草酸的效果更佳。     

压铸铝合金制件的质量控制

简述铝合金压铸件从原材料供给、压铸模具的设计与制造、压铸生产过程中各工艺参数的控制及其对压铸件质量的影响,提出在这一过程中的控制措施.     

铝胁迫及营养复合作用对杉木幼苗抗氧化酶活性的影响

以1年生杉木实生苗为材料,采用盆栽模拟生物培养方法,分析铝胁迫与养分复合作用对杉木幼苗抗氧化酶活性的影响.结果表明:一定含量的外源养分可以显著提高杉木幼苗抗氧化酶SOD、POD、CAT、PPO的活性,降低铝胁迫对幼苗抗氧化系统的损伤.低铝胁迫下,低养分处理显著提高SOD、POD及CAT酶活性(P0.05),对CAT活性影响不显著.中铝胁迫下,中养分处理显著提高POD酶活性(P0.05);高养分处理显著提高CAT酶活性(P0.05);中、高养分处理对SOD和PPO酶活性影响不显著.高铝胁迫下,高养分处理可以提高SOD、CAT及PPO酶活性,其中PPO酶活性达到显著水平(P0.05),但对POD酶活性无显著影响.     

戊内酯/水体系中磷钨酸铝催化葡萄糖转化制备5-HMF

利用离子交换技术制备了催化剂磷钨酸铝(AlPW12O40),采用FT-IR、XRD、电位滴定和ICP技术对催化剂AlPW12O40进行了系统表征.在水热条件下,对AlPW12O40催化葡萄糖转化制备5-羟甲基糠醛(5-HMF)进行了研究,考察了反应温度、时间、催化剂用量和溶剂配比对5-HMF得率的影响.研究结果表明:在...     

Analysis of the Effects of Speed and Tension in Aluminum Foil Rolling and Their Modeling

Though speed effect and tension effect are keys to controlling thickness in producing aluminum foil, sort of their mathematical models, which will be widely used, can't be obtained theoretically at present. Based on the study of aluminum foil rolling in some factory, speed effect and tension effect of some 1850 aluminum foil mill are analyzed, and mathematical models which are about the relation between the exit thickness of aluminum foil and the speed change and the tension change, are developed according to the attained trial data. Those models are used to optimize the process of this mill.     

铝对荞麦和金荞麦根系分泌物的影响

以荞麦和金荞麦为实验材料，用砂培方法研究Al胁迫下荞麦和金荞麦根系分泌电解质、糖和氨基酸的变化。结果表明，Al胁迫条件下，电解质外渗率、糖类随Al^3 浓度升高而增加；在低浓度Al^3 作用下，随处理浓度的升高，氨基酸分泌量增加，当处理浓度高于相应浓度时，氨基酸分泌量随浓度升高而减少。Al胁迫使荞麦和金荞麦根系分泌物的种类和浓度发生改变，与其缓解Al毒害相关。     

铝和镉胁迫对两个大麦品种矿质营养和根系分泌物的影响

A hydroponic experiment was carried out to study the effect of aluminum （Al） and cadmium （Cd） on Al and mineral nutrient contents in plants and Al-induced organic acid exudation in two barley varieties with different Al tolerance. Al- sensitive cv. Shang 70-119 had significantly higher Al content and accumulation in plants than Al-tolerant cv. Gebeina, especially in roots, when subjected to low pH （4.0） and Al treatments （100 μmol L^-1 Al and 100 μmol L^-1 Al ＋1.0 μmol L^-1 Cd）. Cd addition increased Al content in plants exposed to Al stress. Both low pH and Al treatments caused marked reduction in Ca and Mg contents in all plant parts, P and K contents in the shoots and leaves, Fe, Zn and Mo contents in the leaves, Zn and B contents in the shoots, and Mn contents both in the roots and leaves. Moreover, changes in nutrient concentrations were greater in the plants exposed to both Al and Cd than in those exposed only to Al treatment. A dramatic enhancement of malate, citrate, and succinate was found in the plants exposed to 100 μmol L^-1 Al relative to the control, and the Al-tolerant cultivar had a considerable higher exudation of these organic acids than the Al-sensitive one, indicating that Al-induced enhancement of these organic acids is very likely to be associated with Al tolerance.