退化高寒草原土壤微生物变化特性研究

对藏北退化高寒草原土壤微生物群落数量的研究结果表明：①相对于正常草地，轻度退化草地土壤细菌、放线菌、真菌数量均呈不同程度的提高；中度退化和严重退化草地土壤细菌和真菌数量则呈显著下降趋势，而土壤放线菌数量显著升高。②土壤真菌与土壤细菌表现为极显著正相关（P≤o．01）；而与放线菌则为负相关；土壤放线菌和土壤细菌间则为显著负相关（P≤0．05）。③土壤细菌、放线菌和真菌与土壤有机质均呈显著相关，r值分别为0．7256、-0．7533、0．7215。④不同退化程度高寒草地土壤微生物数量以细菌占绝对优势，放线菌和真菌较少，并有不同的变动规律。⑤西藏高原高寒、干旱条件下，轻度退化草地一定程度的沙化所导致的土壤通透性能的改善对土壤微生物的繁殖与活动具有重要的促进作用。     

滇西北高山牧场入侵物种土大黄生态学调查

2003年8月,对滇西北贡山县迪麻洛村色娃龙巴夏季高山牧场进行了植被和土大黄空间分布调查.结果表明:45%的样点中出现土大黄,9%的样点中覆盖率>25%;土大黄的出现与‘草地’景观、放牧强度、牧民住所的近远呈正相关,与海拔高度和坡度呈负相关;土大黄的分布和扩张与传统的轮牧体系息息相关.     

高山杜鹃新品种‘富丽金陵’

 高山杜鹃‘富丽金陵’是由‘红粉玉蝶’（Jean de Marle Montague）组培苗中选育出的花色变异新品种,花为红粉复色,花筒内部颜色淡粉,由花心至花瓣边缘呈渐变式加深,花筒外部颜色鲜红（‘红粉玉蝶’为纯正的大红色）。总状伞形花序顶生,花冠直径12 ~ 15 cm,株形紧凑,耐高温高湿。     

甘肃马先蒿对高寒地区几种优良牧草的化感作用

研究了青藏高原退化草地常见毒杂草甘肃马先蒿地上部分水浸液对4种牧草种子萌发、幼苗生长的化感抑制作用.结果表明:甘肃马先蒿水浸液对4种牧草种子萌发和幼苗生长具有显著抑制作用,随着水浸液浓度增加,化感抑制作用不断增强;4种牧草种子萌发对甘肃马先蒿水浸液敏感性强弱顺序为:中华羊茅(Festuca sinensis)＞青牧1号...     

湿沉淀对采汞地区山地土壤中汞的影响

There is abundance of Mercury mine resurces in the Fanjinshan Mountain,Mining mercury has a long history there,The concentration of geseous Hg produced in smelting He reaches 20-50mg/m^3 in the tail gas.Because mercury element is an easily transferring microelement,the paper talks about the effect of mercury in Hg mining in Guizhou Province on alpine soil,analyses Hg content in alpine soil at 2000 m of relative elevation in the Hg mining area,and explores for causes of the Hg pollution.     

Experimental determination of climate‐change effects on above‐ground and below‐ground organic matter in alpine grasslands by translocation of soil cores

We used the soil‐core translocation method to investigate the effect of increased temperature on above‐ and below‐ground phytomass and organic matter in cool alpine areas. The translocation of undisturbed soil cores from a high alpine site (2525 m a.s.l.) to an alpine site near the timberline (1895 m a.s.l.) achieved an effective artificial warming of 3.3 K. From a methodological point of view, the translocation of soil cores was performed successfully. Soil cores moved to a new site at the same altitude showed no change in above‐ and below‐ground vegetation, bulk density, and soil skeleton. At both sites, soils were Haplic Podzols with a similar chemistry and clay mineralogy. At the lower elevation site, however, podzolization processes seemed to be more pronounced. As a consequence, the translocation of the soil cores probably led to a disturbance of the actual steady state that had been established after about 10,000–13,000 years of soil formation. This might have affected the adaptability of the vegetation system. Therefore, it cannot be fully excluded that the experimental design influenced the results. Translocation of soil cores from a very cool to a warmer site led to a distinct decrease in above‐ground phytomass (about –45%) over the experimental period of two years. Below‐ground phytomass significantly decreased (up to –50%) in the topsoil (0–5 cm) after artificial warming. Possible mechanisms are that roots reduced photosynthesis and hence C flow below‐ground, a reduction of soil moisture that would have led to root death (not a very probable cause, however) or an abrupt change in the radiation duration and flux which affected root growth (also not very probable). Fast climate change exceeded the ability of the above‐ground and below‐ground phytomass to adapt quickly. Whether the decrease in phytomass was a short‐term or a long‐term response to climate warming remains uncertain. Based on a gradient study (climosequence at the same locality), we hypothesize that the decreased plant productivity might be a short‐term effect.     

三江源区不同退化高寒草甸土壤碳分布特征研究

在青海省三江源区选择了甘德县青珍乡高寒草甸典型样区,划分了5种不同退化程度的样地(原生植被UD、轻度退化LD、中度退化MD、重度退化HD、极度退化ED),10 cm等深度采集表土(0~30 cm)土壤样品,分析土壤总碳、有机碳和无机碳含量变化。结果表明,研究区内高寒草甸土壤的表土总碳和有机碳含量出现极大的变异性,随退化程度的加剧而呈显著下降,有机碳含量的下降幅度更大。与原生植被相比,轻度退化、中度退化、重度退化和极度退化样地0-30 cm土壤总碳含量分别平均降低了7.4%、12.2%、16.1%和17.7%,土壤有机碳含量分别平均降低了21.7%、39.7%、67.4%和79.6%,随土层的加深和退化程度的加剧,无机碳的含量在迅速地增加。总的来看,表层土壤碳含量在生态系统退化情况下的变化最剧烈。随退化程度的加剧,高寒草甸土壤有机碳含量下降迅速,占总碳含量的比例由87.2%减少到11.6%,有机碳损失严重。     

高寒牧区当年生人工混播草地建植试验

通过试验证明，在碌曲县高寒草甸草地区建立一年生人工草地，采取禾本科与豆科牧草混播，可明显提高草地产革量和牧草品质。由于草层结构合理，促进了产草量的提高，混播草地产草量较单播平均提高26％，差异极显著(P＜0．01)；混播处理茎叶比明显低于单播，其中燕麦抽穗期降低0．56，完熟期降低2．55，说明随着牧草生长期的延长，混播草地叶量明显增加，主要是由于箭筈豌豆的介入而使茎叶比显著降低，牧草品质变优。     

祁连山高寒草地特点及可持续发展利用对策

祁连山高寒草地分布在高海拔、低热量的生态环境 ;植被低矮 ,组成植物多系低温生态类型 ;利用方式和改良途径有较大的一致性 ,且具有一定的生产力和经济价值 ;针对饲草产量质量下降 ,草地超载过牧 ,畜草矛盾突出、冬季缺草与人工饲草不足的矛盾等问题 ,提出了可持续发展利用的对策     

浅议高寒地区道路冻胀翻浆的防治方法

路面翻浆是季节性冻土地区道路工程中的一个主要冻害现象之一;翻浆的发生,不仅会破坏路面,妨碍行车,严重者还会中断交通,造成一定的经济损失。本文就这一现象论述了高寒地区道路冻胀翻浆的防治方法。