10龄及14龄中国鲎和圆尾鲎头胸甲宽度与体重的回归分析

为了研究鲎形体与体重之间的关系,进一步探讨其生长特性,分别测定了中国鲎(Tachypleus tridentatus)和圆尾鲎(Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda)14龄成鲎和10龄幼鲎及不同性别的形态参数(头胸甲宽度及体重)。结果表明,中国鲎和圆尾鲎14龄成鲎和10龄幼鲎以及雌、雄的头胸甲宽度与体重均表现为正相关(R20.88);10龄中国鲎和圆尾鲎异速生长曲线的斜率-回归系数b分别为2.2263和2.1883,而14龄成鲎的回归系数b分别为3.1551和2.6501;10龄和14龄雌、雄中国鲎的b值分别为2.2314(♀)、1.9626(♂)和3.2295(♀)、2.8674(♂),10龄和14龄雌、雄圆尾鲎的b值分别为2.5342(♀)、1.9547(♂)和2.7791(♀)、2.1803(♂),b值均大于1,表明体重增长率大于头胸甲宽度的增长率,处于正生长期,且雌鲎的异速生长率均大于雄鲎;F检验表明,中国鲎和圆尾鲎10龄及14龄不同性别的头胸甲宽度与体重存在极显著的线性关系(P0.01)。     

松嫩平原羊草种群生殖分蘖株的数量特征及其定量分析

在松嫩平原羊草籽实的乳熟-成熟期,对翻耙样地和封育样地的羊草生殖蘖进行取样调查.结果表明,在同一生境条件下,生殖蘖株高、穗序长、节间长、穗节数和生殖生长比率5个性状较均匀整齐,籽实数、结实率、小花数和小穗数的生态可塑性较大.生殖蘖高度与穗序长、节间长呈极显著正相关,与生殖生长比率呈显著或极显著负相关,穗序长与节间长、穗节数、小穗数和小花数均呈显著或极显著正相关,穗节数与小穗数和小花数、小穗数与小花数、籽实数与小花数和结实率均呈极显著正相关.羊草生殖蘖数量特征的生态可塑性及其相互间的定量关系,揭示了羊草生殖蘖个体生长、发育和生殖的协调发展规律.小花数随小穗数、籽实数随小花数和结实率在2个样地呈异速增长,是翻耙样地羊草生殖蘖籽实产量远大于封育样地的主要原因.     

松嫩平原两个生态型羊草叶构件异速生长规律

对在不同生境的2个生态型羊草叶片、分蘖株的生长指标进行测定,为提高牧草生产产量和质量提供理论依据。在沙土和盐碱土生境下,灰绿生态型和黄绿生态型羊草不同龄级分蘖株叶生物量均随分蘖株生物量、高度的增加而增加,不同叶位的叶宽也随叶长的增加而增加。经回归分析,叶生物量与分蘖株生物量、高度之间,叶宽与叶长之间关系符合y=axb幂函数的生长关系,达到显著或极显著相关。方程中的b值表示叶生物量或叶宽的增加速率。在所用函数中,幂函数变化规律更具有生物学和生态学意义。在松嫩平原的繁殖期,灰绿型和黄绿型羊草不同龄级分蘖株叶构件具有相同的异速生长和生物量积累规律。2个生态型羊草叶构件的生物量、叶长、叶宽、生长和生物量积累规律等在相同生态型不同生境之间,相同生境不同生态型之间,以及不同龄级分蘖株之间的各个数量指标均有一些差异,但变化幅度不大,是2个生态型对其所在生境产生的相应适应性反应,具有明显的生态可塑性。     

Dry matter production and partitioning of Chenopodium album in contrasting competitive environments

Simple models were developed to quantitatively describe (a) dry matter production and (b) the effects of competition on dry matter partitioning of Chenopodium album L. Data on total biomass and its allocation to roots, stems and leaves were obtained from field experiments with C. album planted at two densities in pure and mixed stands with either cauliflower ( Brassica oleracea L. convar. botrytis var. botrytis ) or faba beans ( Vicia faba L.). After germination, C. album produced biomass rapidly; weeds planted at low density accumulated 20–30% less dry matter than plants growing at a 2.5-fold higher density per m². A close correlation between the transmission of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and leaf area index was found. Biomass production was linearly related to cumulative PAR intercepted, but a seasonal variation of the radiation-use efficiency could not entirely be explained. The root:shoot ratio was constant, whereas the level of competitive stress changed the distribution pattern between stems and leaves. With increasing competition in the cauliflower experiments, C. album allocated relatively more biomass to stems than to leaves; this was less evident in mixtures with faba beans. In field vegetable production with an abundant water and nutrient supply, the growth processes of C. album may be described quantitatively using simple functional relationships.     

A Power Function Based Approach for the Assessment of the Sulfate Deprivation Impact on Nutrient Allocation in Young Maize Plants

Thirteen-day-old maize (Zea mays L.) plants were exposed hydroponically to sulfur (S)-deprivation and their nutritional status was monitored for ten days. Sulfur (S) -deprivation altered the allocation of nutrients between roots and shoots in a differential manner and the effect was approached in terms of a power function. The experimental curvature was analyzed through the value of the exponent of the function and two formulations of the approach were tested through regression analysis. In the shoot, the impact of the S-deprivation relative to that on dry mass was: calcium (Ca) (45.3%) > nitrate (NO₃) (18.9%) > magnesium (Mg) (17.2%) > manganese (Mn) (14.1%) > water (W) = phosphorus (P) = potassium (K) = iron (Fe) = copper (Cu) > nitrogen (N) (?4.3%) > ammonium (NH₄₎ (?4.7%) > zinc (Zn) (?12%) > boron (B) (?21.4%) > S (?75.2%). In the root, the relative impact was: N = K = Ca = Zn = B > P (?12.7%) > NO₃ (?14.7%) > NH₄ (?18.4%) > W (?27.8%) > Mn (?34.4%) > Mg (?37.5%) > Fe = Cu (?40.5%) > S (?126.6%). Both models produced the same conclusions.     

干旱和灌溉条件下少花蒺藜草分株生物量分配特征

调查了生长在科尔沁沙地干早、灌溉2个条件下的少花蒺藜草(Cenchrus pauciflorus)分蘖丛.对分株高度、分株生物量以及根、茎、叶、穗、叶鞘等构件生物量进行了定量统计分析.结果显示,灌溉条件下,植株高度为41.2 cm.明显高于干旱条件的33.7 cm.灌溉条件下果穗生物量是干旱环境下的1.8倍.2种条件下...     

Genetic parameters for different growth scales in GIFT strain of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

Body weight, length, width and depth at two growth stages were observed for a total of 5015 individuals of GIFT strain, along with a pedigree including 5588 individuals from 104 sires and 162 dams was collected. Multivariate animal models and a random regression model were used to genetically analyse absolute and relative growth scales of these growth traits. In absolute growth scale, the observed growth traits had moderate heritabilities ranging from 0.321 to 0.576, while pairwise ratios between body length, width and depth were lowly inherited and maximum heritability was only 0.146 for length/depth. All genetic correlations were above 0.5 between pairwise growth traits and genetic correlation between length/width and length/depth varied between both growth stages. Based on those estimates, selection index of multiple traits of interest can be formulated in future breeding program to improve genetically body weight and morphology of the GIFT strain. In relative growth scale, heritabilities in relative growths of body length, width and depth to body weight were 0.257, 0.412 and 0.066, respectively, while genetic correlations among these allometry scalings were above 0.8. Genetic analysis for joint allometries of body weight to body length, width and depth will contribute to genetically regulate the growth rate between body shape and body weight.     

两种生物量模型的比较

CAR模型和VAR模型是生物量模型研究与应用中最常用的形式．用再抽样的方法，从模型参数的稳定性、模型的预估能力分析、比较了两类模型，结果得出：CAR模型不仅参数估计值稳定,而且预估能力强。     

Generalized allometric volume and biomass equations for some tree species in Europe

Since biomass is one of the key variables in ecosystem studies, widespread effort has aimed to facilitating its estimation. Numerous stand-specific volume and biomass equations are available, but these cannot be used for scaling up biomass to the regional level where several age-classes and structural types of stands coexist. Therefore simplified generalized volume and biomass equations are needed. In the present study, generalized biomass and volume regression equations were developed for the main tree species in Europe. These equations were based on data compiled from several published studies and are syntheses of the published equations. The results show that these generalized equations explain 64–99% of the variation in values predicted by the original published equations, with higher values for stem than for crown components.

林木结构—功能模型研究综述

林木结构—功能模型是指能明确表达由生理过程和环境因子调控的植物三维结构生长和变化的一类模型。它既考虑树木生长的结构发展, 又考虑树木的生理生态过程和环境之间的交互影响, 是目前植物建模领域的研究热点。文中从林木结构—功能模型构建方法入手, 以目前主要的几类结构—功能模型为例, 对组成树木结构的理想化基本单元、结构模型的建立及功能模型的同化物生产和传输分配模型进行了述评, 最后指出结构—功能模型存在的问题。