缓释复合肥对黄连营养效应的研究

田间试验研究了4种黄连缓释专用复合肥（SRF）对3～5年生黄连产量与药用品质的影响。结果表明,缓释复合肥料较普通复合肥料（CK）显著或极显著提高各年份黄连的生物量与根茎产量，以SRF4与SRF-的增加幅度最大（6．3％～18．7％）。各缓释复合肥处理对不同年份黄连植株地上部和地下部养分含量的影响表现为氮、磷养分含量变化特点相同。钾含量则相反。缓释复合肥的养分比例明显影响不同年份黄连的药用品质，SRF3对3年生和5年生黄连小檗碱、生物碱含量增加明显，4年生黄连则以SRF-的提高作用最大。无论地上部还是地下部，较高的N／P比、N／K比，较低的K／P比均有利于提高不同年份黄连的产量，提出的高产（量）优质处理对应的养分比例可作为高产优质黄连植株营养诊断的重要依据。     

雷公藤生物碱制品对小菜蛾和菜青虫的控制效果

测定了雷公藤总生物碱对小菜蛾和菜青虫的室内毒力,以及0.1%雷公藤生物碱乳油对两种害虫的田间防效。结果表明,雷公藤总生物碱对小菜蛾3龄幼虫48和72 h的LC50值分别为228.28和136.67 m g/L,对菜青虫5龄幼虫48和72 h的LC50值分别为307.61和238.18 m g/L;1.0%雷公藤生物碱乳油对小菜蛾的毒杀作用较强,其48和72 h的LC50值分别为69.62和20.35 m g/L,对菜青虫48和72 h的LC50值分别为93.18和44.62 m g/L。250倍稀释的雷公藤生物碱乳油(有效含量为40 m g/L)田间喷雾处理对小菜蛾和菜青虫均具有较好的防治效果,施药后7 d的防治效果分别为82.93%和82.71%,在本试验剂量范围内对作物安全。可见,雷公藤生物碱制品对两种蔬菜害虫控制效果显著。     

花椒深加工及综合利用技术研究

本文通过对花椒油提取精制、花椒蛋白和花椒生物碱的制备技术的研究,探讨了花椒深加工和综合加工工艺,为花椒的综合利用开拓新途径。     

Alkaloids and sesquiterpenes from the South China Sea gorgonian Echinogorgia pseudossapo

Five zoanthoxanthin alkaloids (1-5) and four sesquiterpenes (6-9) were isolated from the South China Sea gorgonian Echinogorgia pseudossapo. Their structures were determined on the bases of extensive spectroscopic analyses, including 1D and 2D NMR data. Among them, pseudozoanthoxanthins III and IV (1-2), 8-hydroxy-6β-methoxy-14- oxooplop-6,12-olide (6) and 3β-methoxyguaian-10(14)-en-2β-ol (7) were new, 1 and 3 showed mild anti-HSV-1 activity, and 7 showed significant antilarval activity towards Balanus amphitrite larvae.     

槐属植物化学成分研究概况

综述了槐属植物化学成分的研究概况及槐属植物的活性。从槐属植物中分离出的化学成分主要有生物碱、黄酮、酚类、甙类、萜类，以及较少的有机酸、甾体、糖、氨基酸等类化合物。     

茶叶植物中儿茶素和嘌呤碱的高效液相色谱法分析

采用高效液相色谱法,对多种茶叶植物中的儿茶素和嘌呤碱进行了测定.结果表明,采用Partisil ODS色谱柱分离和测定儿茶素时,以水、甲醇、甲酸和二甲基甲酰胺作流动相,流量和浓度线性梯度洗脱;分离和测定嘌呤碱时,以甲醇∶水=40∶60(体积比)作流动相,等强度洗脱.在选定的色谱条件下每种成分在各自的浓度范围内均具有较好的线性关系,样品的回收率为93.65%～98.95%,相对标准差为0.69%～2.26%.     

New from Old: Thorectandrin Alkaloids in a Southern Australian Marine Sponge,Thorectandra choanoides (CMB-01889)

Thorectandra choanoides (CMB-01889) was prioritized as a source of promising new chemistry from a library of 960 southern Australian marine sponge extracts, using a global natural products social (GNPS) molecular networking approach. The sponge was collected at a depth of 45 m. Chemical fractionation followed by detailed spectroscopic analysis led to the discovery of a new tryptophan-derived alkaloid, thorectandrin A (1), with the GNPS cluster revealing a halo of related alkaloids 1a–1n. In considering biosynthetic origins, we propose that Thorectandra choanoides (CMB-01889) produces four well-known alkaloids, 6-bromo-1′,8-dihydroaplysinopsin (2), 6-bromoaplysinopsin (3), aplysinopsin (4), and 1′,8-dihydroaplysinopsin (10), all of which are susceptible to processing by a putative indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-like (IDO) enzyme to 1a–1n. Where the 1′,8-dihydroalkaloids 2 and 10 are fully transformed to stable ring-opened thorectandrins 1 and 1a–1b, and 1h–1j, respectively, the conjugated precursors 3 and 4 are transformed to highly reactive Michael acceptors that during extraction and handling undergo complete transformation to artifacts 1c–1g, and 1k–1n, respectively. Knowledge of the susceptibility of aplysinopsins as substrates for IDOs, and the relative reactivity of Michael acceptor transformation products, informs our understanding of the pharmaceutical potential of this vintage marine pharmacophore. For example, the cancer tissue specificity of IDOs could be exploited for an immunotherapeutic response, with aplysinopsins transforming in situ to Michael acceptor thorectandrins, which covalently bind and inhibit the enzyme.     

Stereochemical Determination of Fistularins Isolated from the Marine Sponge Ecionemia acervus and Their Regulatory Effect on Intestinal Inflammation

By activity-guided fractionation based on inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE₂), six fistularin compounds (1–6) were isolated from the marine sponge Ecionemia acervus (order Astrophorida). Based on stereochemical structure determination using Mosher’s method, fistularin-3 was assigned as a new stereoisomer. On the basis of the stereochemistry of fistularin-3, the stereochemical homogeneity of all six compounds was established by comparing carbon and proton chemical shifts. For fistularin-1 (1) and -2 (2), quantum calculations were performed to confirm their stereochemistry. In a co-culture system of human epithelial Caco-2 cells and THP-1 macrophages, all six isolated compounds showed potent anti-inflammatory activities. These bioactive fistularins inhibited the production of NO, PGE₂, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 induced by lipopolysaccharide and interferon gamma. Inducible NO synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 expression and MAPK phosphorylation were downregulated in response to the inhibition of NF-κB nuclear translocation. Among the compounds tested, fistularin-1 (1) and 19-deoxyfistularin-3 (4) showed the highest activity. These findings suggest the potential use of the marine sponge E. acervus and its metabolites as pharmaceuticals for the treatment of inflammation-related diseases including inflammatory bowel disease.     

小花棘豆生物碱对小白鼠血细胞的影响

采用全自动兽用血细胞分析仪检测小白鼠胃内灌服苦马豆素、黄花碱及这2种生物碱混合物后的血常规指标,以探讨小花棘豆生物碱对小白鼠血液学的影响。结果表明,苦马豆素组在低剂量时能提高血细胞的数量,在高剂量时能降低血细胞的数量,且差异明显。黄花碱组在低剂量时几乎不影响血细胞的数量,而在高剂量时也能够显著降低红细胞、白细胞、粒细胞、淋巴细胞的数量,但对血红蛋白含量的影响不显著。2种生物碱混合组在低剂量时随着试验时间的延长,血细胞数目逐渐增多;相反,高剂量时却又逐渐降低血细胞的数目。