草鱼鳞酶解物的制备及其促嗜热链球菌生长作用

为提高水产品综合利用率和开发新型益生菌功能性食品,以鱼类加工副产物草鱼鳞为研究对象,利用风味蛋白酶对其进行酶解,并以酶解物促嗜热链球菌增殖作用为评价指标,结合单因素试验与响应面Box-Benhnken中心组合试验优化酶解工艺,得到最优酶解条件：酶解时间3.8 h,料液比（w/v） 1∶3.2 g/mL,加酶量6.2%。在此条件下,嗜热链球菌增殖量ΔOD₆₀₀=1.173 4 ±0.015 0。同时,将最优酶解条件下得到的酶解物进行膜过滤分离,得到分子量<1 ku、1~<3 ku、3~<5 ku、5~<10 ku、≥10 ku的5个组分,并进一步就各组分对嗜热链球菌的生长曲线和产酸能力的影响进行研究。结果表明,在嗜热链球菌24 h的生长曲线中,分子量<1 ku的组分促嗜热链球菌生产和产酸效果最好：嗜热链球菌增殖量ΔOD₆₀₀为1.050,培养基的pH比初始值降低了1.06。     

高效液相色谱法测定饲料中林可霉素含量

林可霉素(Lincomycin)别名为洁霉素、林肯霉素,是一种生物合成的抗菌药物,为白色结晶性粉末,无臭,味苦,可溶于水.其盐酸盐在水或甲醇中易溶,在乙醇中略溶,耐热,性质稳定.林可霉素主要用于治疗革兰氏阳性菌,特别是耐青霉素但对本品敏感的细菌所引起的各种感染,并可防治支原体引起的猪哮喘病、家禽慢性呼吸道病,治疗厌氧菌感染如鸡的坏死性肠炎及猪的弓形体病、猪血痢等.     

罗宾根螨发育起点温度和有效积温的研究

在恒温条件下,对罗宾根螨(Rhizoglyphus robini Clapareda)卵、幼螨、若螨历期以及成螨产卵前期、世代发育历期进行测定,用直线回归法对罗宾根螨各螨态和1个世代的发育起点温度和有效积温进行计算,并根据有效积温法则对该螨在云南各地的年发生代数进行预测.结果表明:该螨全世代的发育起点温度为10.01℃,有效积温为171.72℃·d;该螨年发生代数在昆明为11代、陆良为12代、富民为14代.     

Antioxidant Efficacy of a Spirulina Liquid Extract on Oxidative Stress Status and Metabolic Disturbances in Subjects with Metabolic Syndrome

Lipid peroxidation is associated with the development of some pathologies, such as cardiovascular diseases. Reduction in oxidative stress by antioxidants, such as Arthrospira (formely Spirulina), helps improving this redox imbalance. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of the Arthrospira liquid extract “Spirulysat^®” on oxidative markers—in particular, oxidized LDL (oxLDL)/total LDL cholesterol—and isoprostanes and to investigate its impact on lipid and glucose metabolism in the metabolic syndrome subject. A controlled, randomised, double-blind design was conducted in 40 subjects aged 18 to 65 years with metabolic syndrome after a daily intake of Spirulysat^® or placebo for twelve weeks. Blood and urinary samples were collected at three visits (V1, V2, V3) in the two groups for parameters determination. Although the Spirulysat^® group showed a decrease at all visits of the oxLDL/total cholesterol ratio, there was no significant difference compared to the placebo (p = 0.36). The urinary isoprostanes concentration in the Spirulysat^® group was reduced (p = 0.014) at V3. Plasma triglycerides decreased at V3 (p = 0.003) and HDL-cholesterol increased (p = 0.031) at all visits with Spirulysat^®. In conclusion, Spirulysat^® did not change the oxidized LDL (oxLDL)/LDL ratio but decreased the urinary isoprostanes, plasma triglycerides and increased HDL cholesterol, suggesting a beneficial effect on metabolic syndrome.     

Preparation and Characterization of Tilapia Collagen-Thermoplastic Polyurethane Composite Nanofiber Membranes

Marine collagen is an ideal material for tissue engineering due to its excellent biological properties. However, the limited mechanical properties and poor stability of marine collagen limit its application in tissue engineering. Here, collagen was extracted from the skin of tilapia (Oreochromis nilotica). Collagen-thermoplastic polyurethane (Col-TPU) fibrous membranes were prepared using tilapia collagen as a foundational material, and their physicochemical and biocompatibility were investigated. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy results showed that thermoplastic polyurethane was successfully combined with collagen, and the triple helix structure of collagen was retained. X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry results showed relatively good compatibility between collagen and TPU.SEM results showed that the average diameter of the composite nanofiber membrane decreased with increasing thermoplastic polyurethane proportion. The mechanical evaluation and thermogravimetric analysis showed that the thermal stability and tensile properties of Col-TPU fibrous membranes were significantly improved with increasing TPU. Cytotoxicity experiments confirmed that fibrous membranes with different ratios of thermoplastic polyurethane content showed no significant toxicity to fibroblasts; Col-TPU fibrous membranes were conducive to the migration and adhesion of cells. Thus, these Col-TPU composite nanofiber membranes might be used as a potential biomaterial in tissue regeneration.     

果蔗脱毒种苗组培快繁技术研究

采用不同浓度的6-BA对果蔗进行了茎尖分生组织的诱导和幼芽增殖试验研究,利用不同状态的培养基对增殖芽进行了培养。结果表明,当6-BA浓度为4-5mg／L时,比较适宜于果蔗茎尖分生组织的诱导。在幼芽增殖前期．6-BA的浓度采用2-3mg／L;在将进入生根阶段时,6-BA的浓度采用0．5-1．5mg／L,有利于获得粗壮的幼苗。果蔗幼芽在增殖阶段。适宜采用液体培养基,可降低成本。     

脱硫石膏改良碱土过程中特征值变化的研究

本文通过田间试验,研究了脱硫石膏在改良碱土过程中对碱土特征值(盐分组成、pH值、碱化度、土壤渗透性及硬度)的影响。结果表明:施用脱硫石膏后,碱土各特征值都发生了显著变化,主要表现在碱化度从改良前的30%以上降低到了改良后的5~10%之间;pH值从改良前的9.4以上降低到了改良后的8.2以下;碳酸根、重碳酸根离子明显减少,硫酸根、钙离子及钠离子含量有所增加;土壤渗透性提高了3~8倍;土壤硬度测定值虽仍偏大,但却表现为随着脱硫石膏的施入而减小的趋势。     

车用生物燃气工程范例余热定量评估及可利用性分析

针对车用生物燃气工程能耗高、余热利用率低的问题,该文以国内4个典型工程为基础,构建了产气规模为1万m3/d的示例工程,并对其进行余热分析。分析结果显示,此类工程用能量大,占总产能的30.01%～36.44%;余热利用率低,只有部分贫液余热得以回收;系统余热主要由脱碳塔顶气余热、脱碳贫液余热、压缩机余热、沼液余热和锅炉尾气余热5部分组成,其多为低品位余热、量大稳定。余热计算表明,在最冷月和最热月系统余热潜力分别为5.87×104、4.79×104 MJ/d,最大节能潜力分别为74.81%和73.92%,节能潜力降序排列为沼液余热>贫液余热>塔顶气余热>压缩机余热>锅炉余热。余热可利用性分析认为工程余热可利用性较高,回收价值较大。     

基于无人机遥感的夏玉米水分胁迫指数改进方法

冠层温度（canopy temperature,Tc）是作物水分胁迫计算的基础。准确地剔除热红外图像中的土壤背景,可以提高作物水分的监测精度。该研究以4种水分处理的拔节期夏玉米为研究对象,借助无人机可见光和热红外图像,采用红绿比值指数（red-green ratio index,RGRI）法提取研究区域的面状玉米冠层温度的空间分布信息,并分析每幅热红外图像上冠层温度的累积频率。该并提出了两种改进作物水分胁迫指数（crop water stress index,CWSI）性能的方法,一是使用基于正态分布的不同统计分位数分割冠层温度,并基于不同统计分位数上的平均冠层温度计算CWSI（记为CWSITcF%）。二是基于冠层温度方差（canopy temperature variance,Var）,将玉米冠层数据分为4个区间：区间Ⅰ,Tc≤40,Var≤10;区间Ⅱ,Tc≤40,10< Var≤20;区间Ⅲ,35< Tc<45,Var>20;区间Ⅳ,40< Tc<50,0< Var≤20,并在各自区间上选择最敏感的统计分位数计算CWSI（记为CWSIn）。研究结果表明：1）利用2020年和2021年两年数据计算的CWSIn与作物生理指标（气孔导度Gs、净光合速率Pn、蒸腾速率Tr）间的决定系数R2分别为0.72、0.52、0.62 ,nRMSE分别为23.96%、24.06%、25.60%,模型拟合精度高于原始CWSI（R2分别为0.73、0.34、0.46,nRMSE分别为23.69%、28.27%、30.21%）,但与CWSITcF%差别不大（R2分别为0.74、0.54、0.61,nRMSE分别为22.87%、23.74%、25.61%）;2）虽然CWSITcF%能提高诊断作物水分胁迫的精度,但最敏感的冠层温度区间在年际间相差较大（2020,61.17%;2021,49.38%;两年数据,83.51%）,而CWSIn稳定性更高（与生理指标间的nRMSE分别为：2020年16.60%、27.37%、28.49%;2021年21.60%、18.95%、22.64%）。因此,综合来看 CWSIn可以更加精确地监测作物水分胁迫,利用该改进方法可为无人机遥感精准监测作物水分胁迫状况提供参考。     

杨树游离氨基酸组成和含量与青杨天牛危害的相关分析

为了研究不同品系杨树上青杨天牛(Saperda populnea)的危害与树木自然状态下树木体内营养性物质影响昆虫生长发育的游离氨基酸组成和含量之间的相关性,利用HPLC柱前AccQ.Tag衍生法,分析了迎春5号、1344、银中杨、小黑14和施×斯的韧皮部和木质部中游离氨基酸的组成及含量。在各杨树品系韧皮部中共检测出14种游离氨基酸:丙氨酸、精氨酸、天门冬氨酸、甘氨酸、组氨酸、异亮氨酸、亮氨酸、赖氨酸、蛋氨酸、苯丙氨酸、脯氨酸、苏氨酸、色氨酸、缬氨酸;木质部与韧皮部的游离氨基酸种类相近,但木质部缺少苏氨酸。各种杨树品系韧皮部中精氨酸、赖氨酸与被害率相关性较强;杨树木质部中精氨酸、组氨酸与被害率相关性较强。不同杨树品系的健康与被害的韧皮部和木质部在不同种游离氨基酸之间的差异性都很显著。