独立学院学生学习状况及其管理创新对策研究

以本三学生为研究对象,以母体学校学生为参照,从学生选择独立学院的原因、学习动机、课余时间安排、学习影响因素以及对将来的规划等方面展开调查,结果发现,文化基础差并不是制约本三学生的关键因素,而学〉-j动力不足、缺乏良好的学习习惯和浓厚的学习氛围才是影响独立学院学生学习成绩的主要因素;并据此提出,改善独立学院学生学习状况,应从创新学生培养模式、加强学风建设和教育管理队伍建设、完善规章制度以及加强学校与家庭的沟通等几方面入手。     

应用叶绿素仪诊断大青菜氮素营养状况的研究

在设施条件下研究了叶绿素仪用于大青菜的氮素营养诊断的效果。结果表明,同一施氮水平下,大青菜不同生长期之间SPAD值差异较显著,其中施氮量为300 kg/hm2时,大青菜在生长发育过程中SPAD值变化最大。叶绿素仪测定值与施氮量、作物产量以及叶片硝态氮含量之间均有较好的相关性;通过比较分析,试验推荐最佳施肥量为450 kg/hm2。     

一株铰链孢属真菌培养条件及激活蛋白的提取

本研究以PD培养液为测定培养基,对一株铰链孢属(Alternaria spp.)真菌的培养条件进行了初步研究,通过正交试验设计,确定其最佳培养条件为26℃,160 r/min,装液量120 mL/250 mL,培养72 h时菌丝干重量最高。使用超声波破碎法,从所培养的铰链孢属真菌中提取到分子量为42～43kD的激活蛋白。     

盐生野菜中硝酸盐·亚硝酸盐·维生素C含量的测定

测定了东营市9种盐生野菜和几种日常食用的蔬菜中硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐及维生素C的含量。结果证明:茵陈蒿、山苦荬、酸模、苣荬菜、蒙古雅葱符合无公害蔬菜标准,可以食用,并且他们都含有较多的维生素C,营养价值较高。灰绿藜、藜硝酸盐含量超标,地肤、翅碱蓬、灰绿藜亚硝酸盐含量超标,这些野菜不宜食用。     

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in bulk soil and particle size separates of soils in a rural community

In a rural community (Stephanskirchen, Southern Germany) situated near a waste incineration plant six A horizons were sampled to determine 14 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in bulk soil and particle size separates (clay, silt, fine and coarse sand) and to test the suitability of alkaline saponification for PCB extraction. The PCB concentrations were higher in alkaline saponification extracts than in Soxhlet extracts. However, the extraction efficiency of up to fourfold chlorinated PCBs was lower and more than sevenfold chlorinated PCBs were destroyed. Nevertheless, alkaline saponification was suitable to determine the indicator congeners 28, 52, 101, 138, 152, and 180. The sum of the PCB concentrations ranged from 8.4 to 59.5 μg kg^?1 which was as high as in soils of big cities. However, the concentrations did not reach the threshold value for agricultural purposes of 200 μg kg^?1 as proposed in literature for the sum of the six indicator congeners. The hexachlorinated PCBs 138 and 153 were the most abundant (together > 50% in all samples) whereas PCB 1 could not be detected in any sample. On the average, PCB concentrations increased as particle size decreased. When normalized to C_org, however, the fine sand fraction had the highest PCB concentrations. A slight decrease of lower chlorinated PCBs as particle size decreased indicated an increasing state of degradation. The PCB compositions in the emissions of a comparable waste incineration plant (Bamberg, Bavaria) and in Stephanskirchen soils differed markedly. Therefore, we did not get any indications that waste incineration was a main source of PCBs in the examined soils. Instead, higher chlorinated technical PCB mixtures such as Clophen A 60 or Aroclor 1260 may be the most important sources.     

天山北坡5种天然牧草生长发育及气象条件分析

应用乌鲁木齐市牧业气象试验站2004-2009年的气象和牧草资料,对位于天山北坡中山带的5种天然牧草生长发育和气象条件进行了分析.结果表明,牧草平均返青期在4月15日,豆科牧草开花期、枯黄期比其他牧草早6～20 d;牧草产量和高度变化在整个生育期间呈单峰曲线;几种牧草对总产量的贡献率大小顺序为:老芒麦＞早熟禾＞草原老鹳...     

Dispersal and tributary immigration by juvenile coho salmon contribute to spatial expansion during colonisation

Anadromous fishes are frequently restricted by artificial barriers to movement such as dams and culverts, so measuring dispersal helps identify sites where improved connectivity could promote range expansion and population viability. We used a combination of DNA‐based parentage analysis and mark–recapture techniques to evaluate dispersal by juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) in a population in the initial stages of colonisation following installation of fish passage structures at a previously impassable dam on the Cedar River, WA, USA. The spatial distribution of individuals within maternal families revealed that dispersal was common. Among the offspring of radio‐tagged mothers, 28% were collected outside the spawning reach and dispersed up to 6.3 km (median = 1.5 km). Most juveniles captured in a tributary (Rock Creek, where few adults spawned) had immigrated from the Cedar River and represented many different families. Juvenile dispersal therefore provided a secondary phase of spatial expansion following initial colonisation by adults. Consistent with the condition‐dependent dispersal hypothesis, juveniles that dispersed farther upstream in the tributary were larger than fish collected near the tributary mouth. Overall, the results demonstrated widespread dispersal in a system with low coho salmon densities, and this might increase the rate of population growth if it reduces the effects of local density dependence. By implication, juveniles can take advantage of rearing habitats reconnected through barrier removal, even when such areas are located several kilometres from adult breeding grounds.     

运输时间及水温对南美白对虾苗成活率的影响

在不同的温度(18℃、20℃、22℃、24℃、26℃)和时间(8h、14h、20h、26h、32h)条件下对南美白对虾苗进行运输。试验结果表明：运输时间和运输水温及两者的交互作用对南美白对虾苗成活率均有显著影响。多重比较结果显示运输时间在20h以内,不同时间梯度对南美白对虾苗的运输成活率的影响无显著差异,成活率均在90℃左右,随着运输时间的延长,虾苗成活率明显降低,且不同时间梯度间差异显著;运输用海水的温度控制在22～24℃时,虾苗具有较高的成活率,随着水温的升高或降低,成活率均明显降低,且不同温度梯度间差异显著。在本试验条件下,不同运输时间和运输水温对南美白对虾苗运输后暂养的成活率和生长无显著影响。     

循环水养殖中水动力特性对鱼类影响的研究进展

水产养殖业在我国拥有重要的地位。在过去50多年间,以中国为代表的水产养殖业的发展速度已超过全球人口增速,全球已经有39个国家和地区的水产养殖产量超过了捕捞产量,中国则以水产养殖产量占渔业总产量的73%位列第一[1-2]。随着经济的发展和养殖规模的不断提升,养殖业出现了生产方式落后、效率低下、养殖环境污染、水域生态破坏、病害频发等一系列亟待解决的问题[3-4]。     

复杂地形条件下天然河道水面线计算研究

【目的】解决复杂地形条件下天然河道间断水面线计算问题。【方法】采用预测-校正求解方法,在一维河床冲淤变形计算模型基础上,增加了急流均匀流水深与临界水深判断公式,为解决河道正坡、倒坡交替出现,突扩、突缩频繁发生的复杂地形条件下水面线计算的不连续性问题,并将该方法在黄河羊曲水电站河段进行了实例验证。【结果】建立了解决复杂地形条件下天然河道水面线计算模型,并将该模型进行实例验证,结果表明,用该模型计算的水面线与实测水面线吻合较好,可满足工程设计的精度要求。【结论】将该研究应用于黄河羊曲水电站天然河道的水面线计算,得到了原河道各级流量下的水面线,可供其上、下游水库梯级开发的水能规划部门参考应用。