大豆低聚糖对产蛋鸡生产性能的影响

[目的]为大豆低聚糖在生产上的应用提供理论依据。[方法]将720只55周龄海兰褐蛋鸡随机分为对照组、试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组和试验Ⅲ组,对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组在基础日粮中分别添加0.1%、0.3%、0.5%的大豆低聚糖,探讨添加大豆低聚糖对蛋鸡产蛋后期产蛋性能和蛋品质的影响。[结果]试验Ⅱ、Ⅲ组蛋鸡的产蛋率、哈夫单位和蛋壳相对重显著提高,而料重比和次品蛋率显著降低。[结论]大豆低聚糖能提高产蛋后期蛋鸡的产蛋性能和蛋品质,其适宜添加量为0.3%。     

海藻酸钠及超高压对鸡肉凝胶保水和质构的影响

研究了0~1.2%海藻酸钠(SA)添加水平、300 MPa压力对鸡肉糜凝胶保水和质构(TPA)的影响。结果表明:添加SA可显著降低鸡肉凝胶的蒸煮损失率(CL),提高其保水性(WHC),但会导致凝胶TPA参数的降低;而300 MPa的超高压处理不会改变SA添加水平对凝胶CL、WHC与TPA参数影响的总体变化趋势,且可显著提高鸡肉凝胶的TPA参数,但在一定SA的浓度范围(≤0.6%)内,加压却给鸡肉凝胶的CL和WHC带来负面影响。     

氧化石墨烯改性海藻酸钠凝胶球的吸附性能

以海藻酸钠为基质、氧化石墨烯为改性添加剂,采用离子交换法制备了复合凝胶球,并将此凝胶球作为吸附剂,研究了吸附剂用量、pH值、温度和染料初始质量浓度对复合凝胶球去除水中亚甲基蓝染料的影响。结果表明:当吸附剂用量为4g、pH值为7、温度为45℃、亚甲基蓝初始质量浓度为40mg/L时,由Langmuir方程计算得凝胶球对亚甲基蓝的最大吸附容量为90.91mg/g。动力学研究表明,准二阶模型能够更好地拟合实验数据;等温吸附试验研究表明,Freundlich模型较好地拟合了实验数据;热力学研究表明该吸附过程是一个自发的吸热过程。凝胶球可循环再生,成本低廉,在染料废水治理方面有良好的应用前景。     

铜绿假单胞菌algL基因在毕赤酵母中的表达及其性质研究

 【目的】通过构建毕赤酵母工程菌株,以期获得重组海藻酸裂解酶,并对其性质加以研究。【方法】采用PCR的方法,以铜绿假单胞菌（Pseudomonas aeruginosa）基因组DNA 为模板,克隆出约1.0kb的海藻酸裂解酶基因algL的成熟蛋白编码序列,并将其插入巴斯德毕赤酵母（Pichia pastoris）表达载体pPIC9K中,获得重组质粒pPIC9K-algL。重组质粒线性化后用聚乙二醇（PEG）法导入毕赤酵母菌株GS115中表达。【结果】用甲醇诱导培养基进行摇瓶发酵,表达得到40 kD的目的蛋白,酶活力达540 U•ml-1左右。经测定,该重组酶的最适反应pH为8.5,最适反应温度为40℃,并且在20～45℃,pH 3.0～12.0具有较好的稳定性。50 mmol•L-1的Co2+和Ca2+对酶活力均有显著的促进作用,Zn2+、Cu2+和Fe2+在不同浓度下对酶活力均有不同程度的抑制作用。在重组酶的辅助作用下,抗生素的抑菌效果明显提高。【结论】用重组毕赤酵母可高效表达外源海藻酸裂解酶,为其今后在工农业中的应用奠定了基础。     

啤酒酵母甘露寡糖对肉鸡肠道微生物及免疫机能的影响

探讨了啤酒酵母甘露寡糖对肉仔鸡肠道微生物、短链脂肪酸以及机体免疫机能的影响.选用1日龄AA肉仔鸡公雏300只,基础日粮中分别添加啤酒酵母甘露寡糖0、0.05%、0.1%、0.15%(w)及添加魔芋甘露寡糖0.1%.结果表明:添加酵母甘露寡糖减少了盲肠内大肠杆菌数量(约为对照的28.95%)和沙门氏菌的数量(约为29.50%)(P<0.01),0.05%和0.10%处理可以促进双歧杆菌生长(分别提高约为11.98%和10.54%)(P<0.01);添加0.05%和0.15%酵母甘露寡糖分别提高了新城疫一免和二免后14 d抗体效价水平(P<0.05),0.1%酵母甘露寡糖提高了淋巴细胞对ConA的反应性(P<0.05),0.05%和0.1%处理提高了巨噬细胞的吞噬力(P<0.05),说明酵母甘露寡糖在减少肠道致病菌数量和调节免疫力方面的作用效果达到或好于魔芋甘露寡糖(P<0.05).结果显示,3个剂量的啤酒酵母甘露寡糖均能抑制肉鸡肠道致病菌生长,其中高剂量组效果更好,中低剂量则更有利于提高肉鸡免疫机能.     

树脂—海藻酸钠混合凝胶共固定化糖化酶和酵母菌的研究

以D113离子交换树脂—海藻酸钠混合凝胶为载体,2%CaCl2溶液为固化液,采用包埋法共固定化糖化酶和酵母菌,并用于生料液态法白酒生产中。通过研究影响共固定化颗粒糖化发酵性能的因素,确定了共固定化的最佳条件:载体总量40mL,树脂浓度1.0%、海藻酸钠浓度3.5%、二氧化硅添加量为0.8%,糖化酶包埋量150mg,酵母菌包埋量60mg。将共固定化颗粒接入25%高粱粉发酵培养基中,30℃糖化发酵7d,酒度为15.0%。共固定化颗粒重复使用10次后,活力保存率为66.7%。     

Characterization of the FODMAP-profile in cereal-product ingredients

Cereal-based products, such as bread, are staple foods in the western diet. Due to the nature of their basic ingredients and the diversity of recipes, the amount of fermentable short-chain carbohydrates (FODMAPs) in those products may be high. This study characterized the FODMAP-profiles of a broad range of cereal-product ingredients, serving as a basis for low FODMAP product development. Different cereals, pseudo-cereals, gluten-free flours, pulses, pulse protein ingredients, commercial sprouts, and other cereal-product ingredients were analyzed, using anion-exchange chromatography with electrochemical detection. Wheat and related cereals were high in fructans. Pulses, such as peas contained high galactooligosaccharides (GOS) amounts. Whereas GOS levels in pulse protein ingredients varied, depending on their production. Gluten-free flours, for instance, rice-flour, showed low FODMAP-profiles. Amongst those, buckwheat, which does not contain any of the FODMAPs investigated, contained high amounts of other soluble non-digestible carbohydrates, namely fagopyritols; these may have a similar effect on a sensitive gut as GOS. Finally, ingredients contained mainly high levels of fructans and GOS. Yet, the analysis of commonly consumed commercial cereal products, including bread, pasta, crackers and biscuits, highlighted the relevance of lactose, fructose in excess of glucose and polyols. These products serve as benchmarks for further product development.     

Alginate Hydrogels Coated with Chitosan for Wound Dressing

In this work, a coating of chitosan onto alginate hydrogels was realized using the water-soluble hydrochloride form of chitosan (CH-Cl), with the dual purpose of imparting antibacterial activity and delaying the release of hydrophilic molecules from the alginate matrix. Alginate hydrogels with different calcium contents were prepared by the internal setting method and coated by immersion in a CH-Cl solution. Structural analysis by cryo-scanning electron microscopy was carried out to highlight morphological alterations due to the coating layer. Tests in vitro with human mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) were assessed to check the absence of toxicity of CH-Cl. Swelling, stability in physiological solution and release characteristics using rhodamine B as the hydrophilic model drug were compared to those of relative uncoated hydrogels. Finally, antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli was tested. Results show that alginate hydrogels coated with chitosan hydrochloride described here can be proposed as a novel medicated dressing by associating intrinsic antimicrobial activity with improved sustained release characteristics.     

Extraction,Isolation, Structural Characterization and Anti-Tumor Properties of an Apigalacturonan-Rich Polysaccharide from the Sea Grass Zostera caespitosa Miki

An apigalacturonan (AGA)-rich polysaccharide, ZCMP, was isolated from the sea grass Zostera caespitosa Miki. The depolymerized fragments derived from ZCMP were obtained by either acidic degradation or pectinase degradation, and their structures were characterized by electrospray ionization collision-induced-dissociation mass spectrometry (ESI-CID-MS²) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The average molecular weight of ZCMP was 77.2 kD and it consisted of galacturonic acid (GalA), apiosefuranose (Api), galactose (Gal), rhamnose (Rha), arabinose (Ara), xylose (Xyl), and mannose (Man), at a molar ratio of 51.4꞉15.5꞉6.0꞉11.8꞉4.2꞉4.4꞉4.2. There were two regions of AGA (70%) and rhamnogalacturonan-I (RG-Ι, 30%) in ZCMP. AGA was composed of an α-1,4-d-galactopyranosyluronan backbone mainly substituted at the O-3 position by single Api residues. RG-Ι possessed a backbone of repeating disaccharide units of →4GalAα1,2Rhaα1→, with a few α-l-arabinose and β-d-galactose residues as side chains. The anti-angiogenesis assay showed that ZCMP inhibited the migratory activity of human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVECs), with no influence on endothelial cells growth. ZCMP also promoted macrophage phagocytosis. These findings of the present study demonstrated the potential anti-tumor activity of ZCMP through anti-angiogenic and immunoregulatory pathways.     

褐藻酸寡糖诱导下大豆营养成分的变化

【目的】探索褐藻酸寡糖诱导大豆抗毒素生成和积累过程中,特别是当大豆抗毒素累积量达到最大时,大豆的异黄酮类化合物、氨基酸、寡糖、脂肪酸等营养成分的变化,为大豆的充分开发和利用提供科学依据。【方法】采用4%（w/v）的褐藻酸寡糖溶液作为诱导剂对大豆进行诱导。分别提取不同培养时间（0-6 d）下大豆中的异黄酮化合物、氨基酸、寡糖、脂肪酸等营养成分;利用高效液相色谱（HPLC）、全自动氨基酸分析仪、气相色谱（GC）等方法检测各培养时间下大豆营养成分的含量。【结果】经褐藻酸寡糖诱导后,大豆中的异黄酮化合物、氨基酸、寡糖、脂肪酸等含量均发生了变化。异黄酮类化合物中,大豆抗毒素的累积量在培养第5天时达到最高,由诱导前的0.01 mg·g^-1升高至1.72 mg·g^-1,第5天时香豆雌酚含量由开始时的15.74 μg·g^-1升高至664.8 μg·g^-1,染料木素含量由开始时的1.58 μg·g^-1升高至24.03 μg·g^-1,大豆苷元则由培养开始时的54.56 μg·g^-1降低至19.02 μg·g^-1。诱导组大豆中的总氨基酸含量由开始时的39.38%升高至43.45%,且苏氨酸、亮氨酸等必需氨基酸含量也有所升高,非诱导组大豆中的氨基酸含量也有一定程度的提高,但含量总体低于诱导组大豆。诱导组大豆中蔗糖含量由培养开始时的53.72 mg·g^-1减少至21.5 mg·g^-1,棉籽糖和水苏糖分别在培养第3天和第4天即被完全消耗;非诱导组大豆中蔗糖含量由培养开始时的53.72 mg·g^-1减少至23.09 mg·g^-1,且仍有少量的棉籽糖和水苏糖被检出。诱导组大豆中的脂肪酸总含量由培养开始时的14.27%降低至14.01%,但其中亚油酸的含量和比例有所增加。【结论】褐藻酸寡糖在诱导大豆获得最高大豆抗毒素含量时,增加了大豆中异黄酮类化合物含量,提高了大豆蛋白质的营养价值,消除了大豆中的胀气因子,并且在一定程度上提高了大豆的油脂品质。