海藻酸钠茶多酚复配涂膜对滇橄榄贮藏品质的影响

采用不同浓度的茶多酚和海藻酸钠对滇橄榄进行涂膜保鲜单因素试验,根据测定结果,选择浓度为0.10%、0.20%的海藻酸钠与浓度为0.75%、1.00%、1.50%的茶多酚进行复配涂膜,研究其对滇橄榄贮藏品质的影响。结果表明:经涂膜处理后的滇橄榄贮藏品质优于CK组,在6组不同浓度配比下,以0.10%海藻酸钠与1.50%茶多酚复配保鲜液的保鲜效果较好,可保持滇橄榄较好的感官品质,延缓果实失重率、可溶性固形物含量的升高和VC含量的下降,保持较高的好果率,抑制呼吸强度,能将滇橄榄保鲜期延长至15 d。     

功能性低聚糖在饲料工业上的应用研究进展

功能性低聚糖是一种新型、绿色饲料添加剂,它能够增殖有益菌、抑制病原菌,从而调节肠道微生态系统;可被有益菌利用产生短链脂肪酸、维生素等,为动物提供营养;同时也能够改善脂类代谢和促进日粮中一些矿物质的吸收。本文对功能性低聚糖的种类、应用、作用机理、影响应用效果的因素、应用过程中存在的问题及推广应用前景进行了全面论述。     

寡聚糖在农作物病害防治中应用研究

为研究寡聚糖在农作物病害防治中的作用机制(直接抑菌或诱导抗病)，采用生长速率法测定了寡聚糖与3种致病真菌的互作关系，结果表明，寡聚糖对3种病原菌均存在不同程度的抑制作用，EC50分别为：立枯丝核菌0．01％、腐霉菌0．1％、镰刀菌0．1％：从寡聚糖对3种离体病原菌的抑制程度来分析，它的田间病害防治中的应用价值，应归因于三方面的因素：它对病原菌的抑制作用、对农作物的生长调节作用及诱导植物抗病性。     

功能性寡糖对锦江黄牛瘤胃发酵及微生物生长效率的影响

本试验旨在研究不同水平的功能性寡糖对锦江黄牛瘤胃发酵及微生物生长效率的影响。采用体外批次培养法,在精粗比为 ２０∶８０的基础饲粮中添加甘露寡糖、果寡糖和大豆寡糖,各组功能性寡糖的添加水平分别为 ０（对照组）、０．８０％、１．００％和 １．２０％。结果表明,饲粮添加功能性寡糖对锦江黄牛瘤胃 ｐＨ无显著影响（Ｐ＞０．０５）,但显著增加培养液挥发性脂肪酸和菌体蛋白浓度（Ｐ＜０．０５）;每日微生物氮产量也有提高的趋势,但差异不显著（Ｐ＞０．０５）。建立微生物生长效率与功能性寡糖添加水平之间的二次曲线模型,当甘露寡糖添加水平为 １．１７％时,微生物生长效率最大,为 ５９．７２ｇ／ｋｇ;当大豆寡糖添加水平为 １．０３％时,微生物生长效率最大,为 ５９．５０ｇ／ｋｇ。综合本试验结果,功能性寡糖的添加水平在 １．００％ ～１．２０％之间更有利于锦江黄牛瘤胃微生物的生长。     

Effect of ensiling moist field bean (Vicia faba), pea (Pisum sativum) and lupine (Lupinus spp.) grains on the contents of alkaloids,oligosaccharides and tannins

Ensiling legume grain may be an inexpensive and ecologically interesting method to produce a high‐protein feed of local origin. The typically patchy maturation recommends harvesting and ensiling the seeds in moist condition. Developing a method for preserving legume grains harvested before maturation by lactic acid fermentation would have several advantages. Under laboratory conditions, crushed legume seeds of beans, peas and lupines with high moisture content of 35 % were ensiled with different additives (molasses and lactic acid bacteria). To characterize the final silages, contents of proximate nutrients and antinutritional factors (alkaloids, oligosaccharides, tannins) were analysed. The addition of lactic acid bacteria ensured a fast and pronounced lactic acid production and decreased contents of undesired fermentation products like ethanol. An additional use of molasses for ensilage did not provide a remarkable additional benefit. Excluding sugar and starch, the contents of proximate nutrients were not remarkably altered after ensiling. As an overall effect, lactic acid fermentation reduced tannins and oligosaccharides. It can be supposed that the oligosaccharides after breakdown of the complex molecules acted as a source of fermentable carbohydrates. A relevant reduction of alkaloids did not occur. The lactic acid fermentation of legume grains can be recommended as an appropriate method for conservation. With respect to the economic advantages and compared with methods of chemical preservation, the lactic acid fermentation of legume grains under anaerobic conditions is an environmentally compliant procedure and therefore also an option for organic farming.     

基于响应面法的海藻酸钠固定β-呋喃果糖苷酶工艺优化

糖苷酶在水解/合成生产功能性食品配料(含低聚糖)方面扮演着重要角色。为提高糖苷酶的重复利用率与稳定性,本文对影响海藻酸钠固定化β-呋喃果糖苷酶(β-fructofuranosidase,FFase)工艺的因素进行分析,利用响应面法对固定化酶工艺进行优化,最后对所得固定化酶的稳定性进行评价。结果表明:影响海藻酸钠固定化FFase工艺的关键因素及最佳条件为4 g/L海藻酸钠、固定42 min、交联温度26℃,酶活回收率为60.95%;在此条件下与游离酶相比,4℃下保存12 d后,酶活力依然有60%以上,具有良好的储存稳定性;在温度低于70℃范围内有良好的热稳定性。连续使用5次后,其固定酶活仍保持初始酶活的51.71%,具有良好的重复再利用性。     

壳聚糖/海藻酸钠微球对红景天苷控制释放的研究

将含有药物的海藻酸钠溶液滴入到壳聚糖和氯化钙的混合溶液中形成微球,制备一系列红景天苷微球,研究微球对红景天苷的包载能力及释药特性。结果表明:海藻酸钠、氯化钙、壳聚糖的质量浓度、海藻酸钠与红景天苷的比例及壳聚糖溶液pH值对微球的包埋率、载药率及缓释性能有影响,而成膜反应时间对载药率和包埋率有影响,对缓释性能没有影响。缓释效果最佳的微球制备工艺条件为海藻酸钠与红景天苷质量比为1.5,海藻酸钠2.5 g/mL,壳聚糖0.8 g/mL,氯化钙1.5 g/mL,成膜时间为5 min,pH值为5.5。     

KGM/ALG复合凝胶的制备及溶胀性能研究

[目的]获得新型的、生物可降解的凝胶材料。[方法]以魔芋葡甘聚糖和海藻酸钠为主要原料,利用CaCl2交联制备了KGM/ALG复合凝胶,研究魔芋葡甘聚糖和海藻酸钠的比例、Ca2+浓度、环境pH值对复合凝胶溶胀性能的影响。[结果]KGM/ALG复合凝胶在溶胀初期溶胀比增加很快,随着溶胀时间的延长,溶胀比增长变缓,最后达到平衡。随着魔芋葡甘聚糖含量的增加,复合凝胶的平衡溶胀比增加,当魔芋葡甘聚糖与海藻酸钠的比例大于2.5∶1.5(W/W)时,复合凝胶的强度降低。当Ca2+浓度从1.0 mol/L增加到3.0 mol/L时,复合凝胶的平衡溶胀比由5.7降至3.6。当环境pH值为7.4时,复合凝胶的平衡溶胀比最大。[结论]KGM/ALG复合凝胶的平衡溶胀比随CaCl2用量的增加而降低。     

Agarase: Review of Major Sources,Categories, Purification Method,Enzyme Characteristics and Applications

Agarases are the enzymes which catalyze the hydrolysis of agar. They are classified into α-agarase (E.C. 3.2.1.158) and β-agarase (E.C. 3.2.1.81) according to the cleavage pattern. Several agarases have been isolated from different genera of bacteria found in seawater and marine sediments, as well as engineered microorganisms. Agarases have wide applications in food industry, cosmetics, and medical fields because they produce oligosaccharides with remarkable activities. They are also used as a tool enzyme for biological, physiological, and cytological studies. The paper reviews the category, source, purification method, major characteristics, and application fields of these native and gene cloned agarases in the past, present, and future.     

Simultaneous Extraction and Depolymerization of Fucoidan from Sargassum muticum in Aqueous Media

The biomass components of the invasive seaweed Sargassum muticum were fractionated to allow their separate valorization. S. muticum (Sm) and the solid residue remaining after alginate extraction of this seaweed (AESm) were processed with hot, compressed water (hydrothermal processing) to assess the effects of temperature on fucoidan solubilization. Fucose-containing oligosaccharides were identified as reaction products. Operating under optimal conditions (170 °C), up to 62 and 85 wt% of the dry mass of Sm and AESm were solubilized, respectively. The reaction media were subjected to precipitation, nanofiltration and freeze-drying. The dried products contained 50% and 85% of the fucoidan present in Sm and AESm, respectively; together with other components such as phenolics and inorganic components. The saccharidic fraction, accounting for up to 35% of the dried extracts, contained fucose as the main sugar, and also galactose, xylose, glucose and mannose. The concentrates were characterized for antioxidant activity using the TEAC assay.