赤水河赤水市河段的水质状况评价

为赤水河赤水市河段的生态保护提供科学数据,通过设置不同代表性采样断面（采样点）,对赤水河赤水市河段的着生藻类的种类组成等生物学指标进行采样调查与分析。结果表明：共鉴定出着生藻类5门8纲18目28科44属114种;着生藻类群落主要由硅藻组成,其次是蓝藻和绿藻。复兴镇以上河段主要以硅藻门的系带舟形藻（Navicula．cincta）、嗜盐舟形藻（Navicula．halophila）和变异直链藻（Melosira varians ）为优势种,在复兴镇及其以下河段以绿藻门的泥泞颤藻（Oscillatoria limosa ）占绝对优势,赤水中采样点以钝脆杆藻（Fragilaria capucina ）为优势种,大同镇采样点以硅藻中的放射舟形藻（Navicula radiosa ）及钝脆杆藻（Fragilaria capucina ）为优势种。细胞密度为（0．78～3．66）×106 cells／cm2,平均为2．10×106 cells／cm2;多样性指数为1．78～3．12。赤水河赤水市河段水体水质已受到轻度污染。     

Neuroprotective effects of marine algae

The marine environment is known as a rich source of chemical structures with numerous beneficial health effects. Among marine organisms, marine algae have been identified as an under-exploited plant resource, although they have long been recognized as valuable sources of structurally diverse bioactive compounds. Presently, several lines of studies have provided insight into biological activities and neuroprotective effects of marine algae including antioxidant, anti-neuroinflammatory, cholinesterase inhibitory activity and the inhibition of neuronal death. Hence, marine algae have great potential to be used for neuroprotection as part of pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals and functional foods. This contribution presents an overview of marine algal neuroprotective effects and their potential application in neuroprotection.     

海南省琼海市·万宁市养殖水体浮游藻类群落结构特征

[目的]了解海南省养殖水体浮游藻类的群落结构特征。[方法]于2016年4月选取琼海市、万宁市部分养殖水体,采集浮游藻类样品进行测定。[结果]浮游藻类种类数为68种,隶属于7门57属,绿藻门的种类最丰富,为34种,其次是硅藻门19种。浮游藻类细胞密度为1.01×10~8 cells/L,主要组成为绿藻门、蓝藻门和隐藻门,分别占77.14%、8.80%和8.23%。浮游藻类优势种主要为普通小球藻(Chlorella vulgaris)、波吉卵囊藻(Oocystis borgei)、尖尾蓝隐藻(Chroomonas acuta)、绿色颤藻(Oscillatoria chlorina)等,指示水质状态为α-β-中污染。浮游藻类群落Shannon-Wiener指数在0.05~1.78,平均值为0.72;Pielou均匀度指数在0.02~0.69,平均值为0.28。利用多样性指数评价养殖水体水质处于中污染到重污染的状态。[结论]研究结果为养殖水体浮游微藻调控技术提供了基础数据。     

絮凝剂对藻类后续厌氧消化过程的影响

[目的]研究絮凝剂对藻类后续厌氧消化过程的影响。[方法]对不同含固率条件下水华藻类的产沼潜力及聚合氯化铝絮凝剂对藻类消化的影响进行分析。[结果]水华藻类的产甲烷潜力较高,含固率为6.0%时单位有机质累积甲烷产量可达147.03 mL/g VS,但脱水过程中使用的聚合氯化铝会严重抑制厌氧消化过程,在较低含固率3.0%条件下,铝离子浓度达984 mg/L,产气量低于潜力值的60%。[结论]该研究为藻类厌氧消化处理提供参考,同时为调整藻类采收方法提供理论依据。     

浙江沿海藻类重金属含量测定及健康风险评价

为了解浙江沿海藻类重金属污染情况,评价人体经藻类途径摄入重金属的健康风险,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定3种藻类样品中Pb、Cd、As、Hg含量,并与食品中污染物限量标准进行比较,基于美国环保署(USEPA)2000年提出的健康风险模型,通过计算目标危害系数(THQ、TTHQ)的方法预测藻类中重金属对人体的健康风险。结果显示,34份藻类样品中,83.33%羊栖菜和100%紫菜的镉,16.67%羊栖菜、44.44%海带和100%紫菜的铅,100%羊栖菜和66.67%海带的无机砷含量超过国家标准限量值。从单一重金属风险来看,成人摄入所调查的3种藻类虽然尚属安全,但羊栖菜和海带的砷、紫菜的镉应引起重视,儿童膳食途径摄入所调查的3种藻类可能存在砷和镉的膳食摄入潜在风险,尤其是羊栖菜和海带的砷、紫菜的镉。从多种重金属复合风险来看,成人和儿童摄入所调查的3种藻类可能存在潜在健康风险,成人和儿童的潜在复合健康风险主要由无机砷和镉引起。     

Multi-Step Enzymatic Production and Purification of 2-Keto-3-Deoxy-Galactonate from Red-Macroalgae-Derived Agarose

2-keto-3-deoxy sugar acids, which have potential as precursors in medicinal compound production, have gained attention in various fields. Among these acids, 2-keto-3-deoxy-l-galactonate (KDGal) has been biologically produced from D-galacturonate originating from plant-derived pectin. KDGal is also found in the catabolic pathway of 3,6-anhydro-l-galactose (AHG), the main component of red-algae-derived agarose. AHG is converted to 3,6-anhydrogalactonate by AHG dehydrogenase and subsequently isomerized to KDGal by 3,6-anhydrogalactonate cycloisomerase. Therefore, we used the above-described pathway to produce KDGal from agarose. Agarose was depolymerized to AHG and to agarotriose (AgaDP3) and agaropentaose (AgaDP5), both of which have significantly higher molecular weights than AHG. When only AHG was converted to KDGal, AgaDP3 and AgaDP5 remained unreacted. Finally, KDGal was effectively purified from the enzymatic products by size-exclusion chromatography based on the differences in molecular weights. These results show that KDGal can be enzymatically produced and purified from agarose for use as a precursor to high-value products.     

微囊藻毒素及其生殖毒性的研究进展

工业化、城市化的发展以及农业生产中大量化肥的使用,使自然界许多水体的污染逐渐加重,出现富营养化现象,导致藻类尤其是蓝藻的过度繁殖生长,不仅破坏了水生生态系统,而且对经济和社会发展、环境以及人类健康的影响很大[1-6]。蓝藻广泛地生长在世界各地的水体中,某些种类的蓝藻     

Phycobiliproteins—A Family of Algae-Derived Biliproteins: Productions,Characterization and Pharmaceutical Potentials

Phycobiliproteins (PBPs) are colored and water-soluble biliproteins found in cyanobacteria, rhodophytes, cryptomonads and cyanelles. They are divided into three main types: allophycocyanin, phycocyanin and phycoerythrin, according to their spectral properties. There are two methods for PBPs preparation. One is the extraction and purification of native PBPs from Cyanobacteria, Cryptophyta and Rhodophyta, and the other way is the production of recombinant PBPs by heterologous hosts. Apart from their function as light-harvesting antenna in photosynthesis, PBPs can be used as food colorants, nutraceuticals and fluorescent probes in immunofluorescence analysis. An increasing number of reports have revealed their pharmaceutical potentials such as antioxidant, anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic effects. The advances in PBP biogenesis make it feasible to construct novel PBPs with various activities and produce recombinant PBPs by heterologous hosts at low cost. In this review, we present a critical overview on the productions, characterization and pharmaceutical potentials of PBPs, and discuss the key issues and future perspectives on the exploration of these valuable proteins.     

载体对菌藻共生系统净化农田排水效果的影响

采用软性纤维生物绳（聚烯烃聚酰胺复合材料）、苦草（Vallisneria natans（Lour.）Hara）、细叶莎草（Cyperus rotundus L.）3种载体，分别构建了载体型菌藻共生系统，研究其净化低碳高氮农田排水的效果。结果表明，以纤维绳为载体，填充密度在10%~30%范围时，系统内藻类浓度随填充密度的增加而提高，对总氮（TN）、总磷（TP）、氨氮（NH₄⁺-N）的去除效果提升明显。其中，30%纤维绳系统效果最好，在水力停留时间（HRT） 2 d，平均气温25℃，进水化学需氧量（COD）、TN、TP、NH+4-N平均浓度分别为73.69、15.45、0.73、6.32 mg·L^-1的条件下，出水平均浓度分别为19.17、1.76、0.14、1.48 mg·L^-1，达到了《地表水环境质量标准》的Ⅴ类水质标准。细叶莎草系统对COD的处理效果较好，去除率可达77%，苦草系统对各污染物的去除效果一般。此外，系统中叶绿素浓度与出水NH+4-N含量呈显著的负相关关系，载体的引入会使系统内世代周期长的硝化细菌增殖。研究表明，采用纤维绳为载体，填充密度30%时，最有利于提升菌藻共生系统处理农田排水的效果。