紫外线照射对绿藻Scenedesmus dimorphus生长繁殖和叶绿素含量的影响

[目的]探讨太阳紫外线辐射增强与温室效应之间的关系。[方法]对盛有绿藻细胞悬液的培养皿用紫外灯照射0、20、40、60、80、100、120 s,研究紫外线照射对绿藻生长繁殖和叶绿素含量的影响。[结果]低剂量紫外线(20~60 s)照射对单细胞绿藻的分裂有一定的刺激作用,促进了绿藻细胞的生长。当紫外线照射时间延长至80 s以上时,绿藻的细胞密度急剧减少。低剂量紫外线(20~80 s)照射对绿藻叶绿素含量的影响不明显,较高剂量紫外线(100 s以上)照射显著降低了绿藻的叶绿素含量。[结论]太阳紫外线辐射增强可直接影响藻类的生长繁殖和叶绿素含量,间接影响其光合效率,从而增强了温室效应。     

鸡粪厌氧消化废液的生物处理研究

应用好氧接触氧化，颤藻附着生物床和水生植物联合处理新工艺，对厌氧处理后的难生化降解的，碳氮磷比严重失调的鸡粪发酵液进行小规模的生产处理，经处理后出水可达ＧＢ８９７８－８８污水综合排放标准。颤藻为敝开处理系统中的优势藻种，固定在填料上的藻类去污能力强，脱氮，脱磷以及色素等效果好。充分进行光合作用，大量产生溶解氧能清洁水体。颤藻个大，易收集，定时采收后可作为畜用高蛋白饲料。     

养殖池塘中的浮游植物与水体小气候

本文根据南京郊区3～6月养殖池塘中浮游植物和水体小气候的观测分析,指出藻类的数量和光合产物与池塘的水体小气候环境有密切关系,而水体小气候环境又与当地的天气气候条件有密切联系。     

Temporal variance in lake communities: blue-green algae and the trophic cascade

Two examples, blue-green algal blooms and the fish-driven trophic cascade, illustrate important consequences of time scale dependency in lakes. Blue-green algae and fish populations are notably variable components of lake communities. The timing of colonization of the water column by blue-green algae, relative to population oscillations of grazers and other algal groups, determines the magnitude of subsequent blooms. Variability in colonization acts jointly with dynamic variability in herbivory to produce large fluctuations in blue-green algal concentration at time scales of weeks to years. Fishes exhibit high interannual variance in recruitment. Episodes of high recruitment cascade through lake food webs, inducing fluctuations in lower trophic levels at time scales of years to decades. Fishes, through their effects on herbivores, contribute to variability in blue-green algal blooms. Blue-green algae and fishes are foci of lake management, so analyses of their variable and scale-dependent interactions are important for applied limnology. Theories and models that address nonequilibrial dynamics, analyses of effects of time scale on correlations and experiments, and improved paleolimnological capabilities will yield valuable progress on temporal scale issues in limnology and ecology.     

Phycobiliproteins—A Family of Algae-Derived Biliproteins: Productions,Characterization and Pharmaceutical Potentials

Phycobiliproteins (PBPs) are colored and water-soluble biliproteins found in cyanobacteria, rhodophytes, cryptomonads and cyanelles. They are divided into three main types: allophycocyanin, phycocyanin and phycoerythrin, according to their spectral properties. There are two methods for PBPs preparation. One is the extraction and purification of native PBPs from Cyanobacteria, Cryptophyta and Rhodophyta, and the other way is the production of recombinant PBPs by heterologous hosts. Apart from their function as light-harvesting antenna in photosynthesis, PBPs can be used as food colorants, nutraceuticals and fluorescent probes in immunofluorescence analysis. An increasing number of reports have revealed their pharmaceutical potentials such as antioxidant, anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic effects. The advances in PBP biogenesis make it feasible to construct novel PBPs with various activities and produce recombinant PBPs by heterologous hosts at low cost. In this review, we present a critical overview on the productions, characterization and pharmaceutical potentials of PBPs, and discuss the key issues and future perspectives on the exploration of these valuable proteins.     

Multi-Step Enzymatic Production and Purification of 2-Keto-3-Deoxy-Galactonate from Red-Macroalgae-Derived Agarose

2-keto-3-deoxy sugar acids, which have potential as precursors in medicinal compound production, have gained attention in various fields. Among these acids, 2-keto-3-deoxy-l-galactonate (KDGal) has been biologically produced from D-galacturonate originating from plant-derived pectin. KDGal is also found in the catabolic pathway of 3,6-anhydro-l-galactose (AHG), the main component of red-algae-derived agarose. AHG is converted to 3,6-anhydrogalactonate by AHG dehydrogenase and subsequently isomerized to KDGal by 3,6-anhydrogalactonate cycloisomerase. Therefore, we used the above-described pathway to produce KDGal from agarose. Agarose was depolymerized to AHG and to agarotriose (AgaDP3) and agaropentaose (AgaDP5), both of which have significantly higher molecular weights than AHG. When only AHG was converted to KDGal, AgaDP3 and AgaDP5 remained unreacted. Finally, KDGal was effectively purified from the enzymatic products by size-exclusion chromatography based on the differences in molecular weights. These results show that KDGal can be enzymatically produced and purified from agarose for use as a precursor to high-value products.     

库布齐沙漠东缘荒漠藻人工生物结皮的光谱特性简

为了探明库布齐沙漠东缘荒漠藻人工生物结皮的光谱特性,采用HR1024地物光谱仪,测定研究区包括荒漠藻在内的主要地物光谱数据,分析内蒙古林业科学研究院达拉特旗沙漠综合科学研究站不同年份接种的荒漠藻黑色、绿色结皮及裸沙、沙打旺、油蒿、沙柳的光谱特性及其变化规律.结果表明：1）沙打旺、油蒿、沙柳3种绿色植物光谱曲线与健康植被光谱曲线相近,“红边”位置明显,但荒漠藻黑色、绿色结皮及裸沙的光谱反射率变化比较平缓.2）荒漠藻绿色结皮表现出绿色植物所具有的光谱曲线变化特点;荒漠藻黑色结皮与绿色结皮光谱反射率相比,总的变化趋势为,在350～ 710 nm波段之间,黑色结皮光谱反射率较绿色结皮高,在710～1350nm波段之间,黑色比绿色结皮的光谱反射率低.     

太湖蓝藻藻蓝蛋白的提取及纯化

为利用太湖打捞蓝藻的蛋白质资源,采用冻融破壁、絮凝、盐析、透析、双水相萃取等方法制备荧光试剂级藻蓝蛋白。研究结果表明,以水为介质冻融2次破壁,将冻融藻浆中蓝藻干物质调节为0.95%,用浓度为7.5g/L的聚合氯化铝絮凝初分离,所得藻蓝蛋白纯度(A6 20/A280)为0.31;采用20%、50%饱和度的硫酸铵两步盐析可将其纯度(A620/A280)提高至2.29;盐析后藻蓝蛋白经100 000的透析袋透析,再以140 g/L的聚乙二醇(分子量2 000)和140 g/L的磷酸钾盐萃取纯化,最终纯度(A620/A280)高达4.60,达到荧光试剂级要求。     

海藻硫酸多糖和中药复方对鸡胚接种H9N2亚型禽流感病毒的作用

为探讨海藻硫酸多糖（sulfated polysaccharide from algae,SPA）及中药复方提取液（compound extracts of Chinese medicine,CECM）对H9N2亚型禽流感病毒（avian influenza virus,AIV）的作用,将SPA及CECM以3种不同加药方式作用于接种了H9N2亚型AIV的10日龄SPF鸡胚中,无菌收集鸡胚尿囊液,测定血凝效价,检测2种药液对H9N2亚型AIV的预防、治疗及直接灭活作用。结果显示,SPA及CECM的最大安全浓度分别为50和200 mg/mL;3种不同加药方式下,不同浓度SPA及CECM均能极显著降低鸡胚尿囊液中H9N2亚型AIV的血凝效价（P<0.01）,以直接灭活作用组的血凝效价降低幅度最大,预防作用组和治疗作用组次之。预防作用组,CECM高剂量组（200 mg/mL）的抗病毒效果显著优于SPA各剂量组（12.5、25和50 mg/mL）及CECM低、中剂量组（50和100 mg/mL）（P<0.05）;治疗作用组,SPA高剂量组（50 mg/mL）及CECM中、高剂量组（100和200 mg/mL）抗病毒效果显著优于SPA低剂量组（12.5 mg/mL）（P<0.05）;直接灭活作用组,SPA及CECM的抗病毒效果均佳,CECM各剂量组的抗病毒效果与SPA各剂量组差异极显著（P<0.01）。结果表明,SPA和CECM对10日龄鸡胚几乎无毒副作用;SPA及CECM均能显著抑制H9N2亚型AIV在鸡胚尿囊液中的增殖,以直接灭活作用组的抗病毒效果最佳,其抗H9N2亚型AIV作用的强弱与药物浓度、用药和病毒的感染时间顺序密切相关。