绿洲农田防护林系统土壤蒸发特征研究

以景电灌区绿洲农田防护林系统为研究对象,通过对农田防护林系统内土壤水分蒸发的测定分析,结果表明:在1H范围内,越靠近林带,土壤蒸发量越大。随着与林带距离的增加,土壤蒸发量有先减小后增大的趋势;农田防护林系统内土壤水分蒸发量在灌溉前后有先增加后减小的趋势,并且对照点土壤水分蒸发量始终高于林网内观测点,林网内土壤蒸发量与对照点相比平均减少了35.17%。说明绿洲农田防护林系统能有效减弱土壤蒸发量;相关分析表明,系统内土壤水分蒸发量受到土壤本身和气象因子的制约,其影响程度大小依次为土壤含水量>太阳辐射>空气相对湿度>风速>气温,其中土壤含水量、太阳辐射、气温、风速与土壤蒸发量成正相关,空气相对湿度与其成负相关关系。     

不同光照和温度下白花鬼针草和金盏银盘种子萌发研究

通过在人工培养箱内模拟环境条件,探讨了不同光照和温度对白花鬼针草和金盏银盘种子萌发的影响,结果表明：光照和温度不是白花鬼针草种子萌发的必要条件,白花鬼针草种子萌发的温度适应范围比金盏银盘宽,在15＇12／10oc、20℃／15℃、25℃／20℃、30℃／25oC、35℃／30℃、40℃／35℃下均能萌发,在15％／10气、20％／15℃、25％／20℃、30~E／25℃时萌发率均达94％左右,金盏银盘种子在40％／35℃时不能萌发;温度影响白花鬼针草和金盏银盘种子萌发高峰的出现时间及峰值大小,而光照不影响。     

Stem rot of jewel orchids caused by a new forma specialis,Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. anoectochili in Taiwan

Stem rot of Anoectochilus formosanus (Af) caused by Fusarium oxysporum (Fo) is a major limiting factor to jewel orchid production in Taiwan. Fo causes discoloration in vascular tissues. However, some newly collected Fo isolates from Af stem rot do not cause vascular discoloration, suggesting changes may have occurred in the pathogen. Among recent Fo isolates from Af there are two colony types, the cottony alba (CA) and the sporodochial (S). In order to confirm that both colony types cause Af stem rot, 200 isolates were obtained from diseased stems in Nantou County and characterized by colony type and whether or not the infected plants had vascular discoloration. Isolates of both the CA and S types caused stem rot of Af; some isolates in each colony type caused vascular discoloration whilst others did not. Pathogenicity tests with 22 isolates resulted in stem rot disease severity ratings on Af of 3·1–4·0 and 2·1–4·0 with CA and S type colonies, respectively. The same isolates failed to cause disease on Cattleya, Dendrobium or Phalaenopsis plants. Phylogenetic analysis of partial intergenic spacer sequences showed that these isolates were distinguishable from other formae speciales of Fo and could be separated into two groups correlated with the CA or S type colonies with high bootstrap. Based on pathogenic, morphological and molecular characterizations, the Fo that causes stem rot of Af is proposed to be a new forma specialis, F. oxysporum f. sp. anoectochili, with different pathotypes.     

不同扦插日期对银中杨成活率的影响

在依安县一苗圃、新屯乡、红星乡进行了在自然条件下不同扦插日期对银中杨成活率影响的试验。在方差分析的基础上,用多重比较方法对试验结果进行了分析比较。结果表明:不同扦插日期对银中杨成活率有极显著影响,确定了最佳扦插日期为5月20日前后,最晚不能超过5月25日。     

几种南方非常规饲料作物的营养成分及氨基酸组成

利用饲料分析技术及氨基酸分析仪对桑(Morus alba)、苎麻(Boehmeria nivea)及葛藤(Pueraria lobata)几种南方非常规饲料作物中的常规营养成分及氨基酸组成进行了分析。结果发现,1)桑、苎麻及葛藤中的蛋白质含量较高,尤其是苎麻,蛋白质含量高达22.38%,但同时其纤维含量也较高;2)葛藤的总能值相对较高,达17.17 MJ·kg~(-1);3)桑、苎麻及葛藤中的氨基酸含量丰富,尤其是植物性第一限制性氨基酸——赖氨酸的含量较高,为0.65%~0.89%,且总必需氨基酸的含量为5.10%~7.40%。因此,桑、苎麻及葛藤可以作为南方的优质牧草资源进行开发利用。     

Environmental factors related to damage by Heterobasidion abietinum in Abies alba forests in Southern Italy

A study was carried out in southern Italy to determine the role of some factors in favouring Heterobasidion annosum s. l. spread and damage in eight Silver-fir (Abies alba Mill.) forests. All the studied stands were colonised by H. abietinum. The presence of the fungus (as carpophores on colonised wood) was detected by means of transects and varied from 7.0 to 56.0% of trees. Stand history, precipitation and forest origin, analysed by the χ²-test, had a significant effect on rot severity. Damage was more severe in stands more xerophytic where the woods were planted on pasturelands.     

桑叶ISSR-PCR反应体系的建立与优化

[目的]建立和优化桑叶稳定的ISSR-PCR反应体系和扩增程序。[方法]采用5因素4水平的正交试验和单因子梯度优化相结合的方法对最适因素水平进行筛选。[结果]适用于桑叶的25μl ISSR-PCR反应体系中各因素的最佳浓度分别为:dNTPs 0.35 mmol/L、Mg2+2.5 mmol/L、Taq酶1.25 U、引物0.4μmol/L、DNA 100 ng。[结论]对于桑叶ISSR-PCR试验,一次正交试验基本可以建立满足要求的ISSR-PCR体系。     

白兰花火力楠丽绵蚜的发生与防治

火力楠丽绵蚜(Formosaphis micheliae Takahashi)在广西柳州市柳北区沙塘镇广西生态工程职业技术学院校园的白兰花上,一年四季均可发生危害,10月上旬至12月中旬,虫口数量激增,危害严重,无越冬现象。该虫以成虫、若虫在白兰花的枝杆上群集吸食汁液危害。当10~12月份气温比较高时,或者1~3月份雨水多时,可抑制该虫的发生。先用清水喷淋掉害虫身上白色棉絮状蜡状物后,再喷洒40%氧乐果乳油1 000倍(或2.5%敌杀死乳油1 500倍)液防治效果好,或用40%氧乐果乳油涂抹树杆防治效果也显著,但很难达到根治。     

银中杨微体繁殖技术研究

利用MS培养基加入不同质量浓度的6-苄基氨基腺嘌呤（6-BA）和萘乙酸（NAA）进行银中杨微体繁殖技术研究.结果表明：以银中杨带芽枝条为外植体可以实现微体繁殖,适宜的表面消毒时间为8 min.MS培养基中6-BA含量较高时侧芽发生时间缩短、数量增加,侧芽增殖的培养基配方以MS＋6-BA 1.5 mg/L＋NAA 0.05 mg/L效果较好;银中杨试管苗在1/2 MS＋1.0 NAA中生根率为86%,根系发达;银中杨试管苗在以珍珠岩＋蛭石的基质中成活率最高（98%）,在旱田土＋珍珠岩（1 1）基质中成活率次之（76%）,在旱田土＋蛭石（1 1）基质中成活率最低（68%）.     

柴胡疏肝散化裁治疗亚健康伴失眠临床观察

目的观察柴胡疏肝散化裁治疗亚健康伴失眠肝气郁结型患者临床疗 效。方法将72例门诊病人随机分为两组。治疗组37例口服柴胡疏肝散化裁汤 剂治疗;对照组35例口服谷维素,两组均连续用药14 d。采用阿森斯失眠量表 、中医证候评分量表分别观察两组的临床疗效和症候改善情况。结果两组治 疗后阿森斯失眠量表积分及中医证候积分较治疗前均明显下降(P<0.01),且治 疗组下降较对照组显著(P<0.01)。结论柴胡疏肝散化裁及谷维素均能改善亚 健康失眠临床症状,而中医药治疗更有优势。