干旱胁迫下外源油菜素内酯对玉米幼苗光合作用和D1蛋白的调控效应

为了揭示干旱胁迫下外源油菜素内酯对玉米幼苗光合作用的保护机制,采用溶液培养的方法,以驻玉309为试验材料,研究外源油菜素内酯(BR)预处理及20% PEG-6000模拟干旱胁迫后玉米幼苗的生长参数、叶绿素含量、光合参数、叶绿素荧光参数及D1蛋白含量的变化。结果表明,与干旱胁迫处理(PEG)相比,BR+PEG处理的玉米苗株高增加45.87%,根长增加20.56%,总干物质积累增加8.01%,叶片相对含水量提高4.50%,叶绿素a含量增加26.32%,光合参数(Pn、Gs、Ci、Tr)分别提高9.57%,38.23%,30.19%,28.12%,光合系统Ⅱ(ΦPSⅡ)活性提高了20.48%,最大光化学效率提高了0.66%,光合系统Ⅱ绝对电子传递速率(ETR(Ⅱ)和相对电子传递速率r ETR(Ⅱ))分别提高20.40%和31.02%;D1蛋白含量增加37.34%(P0.05)。说明在干旱胁迫条件下叶片喷施BR可以改善玉米幼苗的生长发育,减缓光合系统的损伤,促进D1蛋白质的稳定,从而提高玉米幼苗对干旱胁迫的适应性。     

Effect of xeroderma pigmentosum group D gene on proliferation of human umbilical arterial smooth muscle cells induced by Ox-LDL

AIM: To investigate the effects of xeroderma pigmentosum group D (XPD) gene on the proliferation of human umbilical arterial smooth muscle cells (HUASMCs) induced by oxidized low-density lipoprotein (Ox-LDL). METHODS: The recombinant plasmid pEGFP-N2/XPD was transfected into HUASMCs by liposome. The cells were divided into blank control group, pEGFP-N2 group, pEGFP-N2/XPD group, Ox-LDL group, Ox-LDL+pEGFP-N2 group and Ox-LDL+pEGFP-N2/XPD group. The proliferation rate of the cells was detected by MTT and EdU assays. The apoptotic rate and cell cycle distribution were analyzed by flow cytometry. The protein levels of XPD, caspase-3, Bcl-2 and Bax were determined by Western blot. RESULTS: Compared with blank control group, the expression of XPD was increased in pEGFP-N2/XPD group (P<0.05). According to the results of MTT and EdU assays, the cell proliferation in pEGFP-N2/XPD group was reduced compared with blank control group (P<0.05). Compared with Ox-LDL group, the cell proliferation in Ox-LDL+pEGFP-N2/XPD group was significantly inhibited (P<0.05). According to the results of flow cytometry, the cell proportion of S phase decreased and the G₀/G₁-phase cell proportion increased significantly in pEGFP-N2/XPD group and Ox-LDL+pEGFP-N2/XPD group compared with blank control group and Ox-LDL group, repectively (P<0.05). Compared with blank control group and Ox-LDL group, the protein level of Bcl-2 decreased and the protein levels of Bax and cleaved caspase-3 increased in pEGFP-N2/XPD group and Ox-LDL+pEGFP-N2/XPD group, respectively (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: XPD inhibits the proliferation of HUASMCs and promotes their apoptosis, and reduces the promoting effect of Ox-LDL on the proliferation of HUVSMCs. XPD may be the target for treatment of atherosclerosis.     

基于二维激光传感器无人直升机作业边界探测

无人机喷雾作业边界探测识别是无人直升机喷雾的重要内容,如果喷雾最大喷幅超过目标区域,会导致药液流失,造成环境的严重污染。为此,基于无人直升机平台,选取二维激光扫描传感器、姿态传感器等传感器搭建了一套二维激光扫描探测系统。该系统利用二维激光传感器探测无人直升机距离作物冠层和田埂的高度,计算冠层和田埂距离差值,并把高度差值作为分割阈值,实现无人直升机作业边界的提取,同时进行了田间试验验证。     

基于云计算技术和3D渲染的农机虚拟制造技术研究

为了提高农机现代化和批量化生产效率,实现基于个性化需求农机设计和制造,提出了面向机加工的云技术农机制造服务候选资源的发现方法,并设计了农机虚拟制造的云计算平台。在农机部件云制造虚拟平台中,首先利用云存储技术存放大量的候选制造企业资源样本数据,然后利用智能分类算法KNN对候选资源进行分类,根据农机部件制造需求的客户对候选资源进行优选,最后得到最佳的候选资源。基于云计算和3D渲染技术,构建了面向工序级和零件级服务的仿真环境,并通过仿真实验,得到了优选后服务方的服务时间、费用和合格率,为现代农机的批量生产和个性化加工服务提供了新的解决方案。     

Development of a kompetitive allele‐specific PCR marker for selection of the mutated Wx‐D1d allele in wheat breeding

Waxy (Wx) protein is a key enzyme for synthesis of amylose in endosperm. Amylose content in wheat grain influences the quality of end‐use products. Seven alleles have been described at the Wx‐D1 locus, but only two of them (Wx‐D1b, Wx‐D1e) were genotyped with codominant markers. The waxy wheat line K107Wx1 developed by treating ‘Kanto 107’ seeds with ethyl methanesulphonate carries the Wx‐D1d allele. However, no molecular basis supports this nomenclature. In the present study, DNA sequence analysis confirmed that a single nucleotide polymorphism in the sixth exon of Wx‐D1 changed tryptophan at position 301 into a termination codon. Based on this sequence variation, a PCR‐based KASP marker was developed to detect this point mutation using 68 BC₈F₁ plants and 297 BC₈F₂ lines derived from the cross ‘Ningmai 14’*9/K107Wx1. Combined with codominant markers for the Wx‐A1 and Wx‐B1 alleles, waxy and non‐waxy near‐isogenic lines were distinguished. The KASP marker was efficient in identifying the mutant allele and can be used to transfer waxiness to elite lines.     

便携式木材绞盘机新型卷筒离合器设计

在利用便携式木材绞盘机进行木材生产试验过程中,发现卷筒离合器在分离与接合过程中易出现卡阻现象,从而影响集材生产效率。在对牙嵌式离合器结构进行受力分析和卡阻原因分析的基础上,基于Solid Works的建模分析设计方法,设计了一种新型多孔旋转圆柱式卷筒离合器,该方法有效缩短了新型卷筒离合器的设计周期。新型卷筒离合器采用圆柱销与圆孔的嵌合,代替牙嵌式离合器牙嵌轴与牙嵌套的嵌合,同等试验条件下,旋转柱销式卷筒离合器平均分离时间分别比柱销式卷筒离合器节省3.71 s、比牙嵌式卷筒离合器节省8 s,改善了便携式木材绞盘机卡阻后离合器分离困难的现象,节约了离合器分离时间,从而有效提高了便携式木材绞盘机在集材作业中的生产效率。     

不同因素影响下层状土壤水分入渗特征及水力学参数估计

层状土壤是自然界常见的土体结构,其水分运移规律不同于均质土;大气降水、灌溉水等水分的入渗是土壤水文过程的一个重要环节,同时它也与地下水补给、污染物运移等过程紧密相关。土壤初始含水量、土体构型及供水强度等因素均会影响水分的入渗过程。为探究积水深度、土体构型、初始含水量三种因素对层状土壤水分运移的影响,通过室内积水入渗试验对湿润锋、累积入渗量、土壤剖面压力水头进行观测,并利用Hydrus-1D模型反演水力参数并对相应条件下的水分运移规律进行模拟和分析。结果表明,层状土壤中湿润锋随时间的推进方式由非线性过渡至线性,入渗率逐渐减小。三种因素作用下,层状土壤水分运移特征有明显差异:积水深度、土壤初始含水量增加时,湿润锋运移速率和入渗率均增大,且各观测点压力水头升高加快,土壤不饱和程度降低;上砂壤下粉砂壤构型较上粉砂壤下砂壤构型而言,整体湿润锋推进速率和入渗率较大,出流快,且入渗后期界面处的压力水头高于其他观测点。且结果表明,反演的水力学参数较拟合实测的参数更适用于层状土壤入渗的模拟和预测。该研究旨在揭示和掌握层状土壤水分运移规律和影响因素的作用机制,并进一步为农田灌溉措施的合理制定提供科学依据。     

纳米ZnO对浮萍（Lemna minor L.）的生态毒性及其聚集性和溶解性分析

纳米颗粒的大量生产和应用增加了其环境释放风险,为此以不同浓度的纳米ZnO（0、1、10mg·L-1和50mg·L-1）处理浮萍（LemnaminorL.）7d,分析了纳米颗粒对植物D665/D665a值（叶绿素与脱镁叶绿素的比率）以及超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、过氧化物酶（POD）和Na＋K＋-ATP酶（Na＋K＋-ATPase）活性的影响,并对纳米ZnO的聚集性与溶解性进行了测试。研究结果显示,浓度为50mg·L-1的纳米颗粒显著抑制D665/D665a值和Na＋K＋-ATPase活性,而抗氧化酶活性则显著升高;纳米颗粒在培养液中易发生聚集作用而沉积,12h后基本上完全沉积到底部。结果说明,50mg·L-1的纳米ZnO对浮萍产生了显著的胁迫作用,其对浮萍的毒性作用主要来源于其溶出的Zn2＋。     

牛疱疹病毒Ⅰ型Bartha Nu/67株gD基因的克隆及在大肠杆菌中的表达

用PCR方法从感染牛疱疹病毒Ⅰ型Bartha Nu／67株的MDBK细胞中扩增gD基因，将之克隆到pGEM-T Easy载体。根据对gD基因的结构分析，设计合成3对引物，以获得的克隆质粒为模板，PCR扩增gD胞外域基因，将之分别亚克隆到pGEX-4T-2和pET-32a表达载体中构建成表达质粒pGEX-4T—gDQ、pGEX-4T—gDQB、pGEX-4T—gDHB和pET—gDQ、pET—gDQB、pET—gDHB，利用上述质粒分别转化大肠杆菌BL21和BL21（DE3），IPTG诱导后SDS—PAGE检测，结果pGEX-4T—gDQ、pGEX-4T—gDQB、pGEX-4T—gDHB和pET—gDQ四个表达质粒出现表达且符合预期大小，Western blot表明表达产物均有抗原性。     

4种石斛水提物对人宫颈癌HelaS3细胞和肝癌HepG2细胞的抑制作用

[目的]为进一步开发石斛药用资源提供基础数据。[方法]将人宫颈癌细胞HelaS3和肝癌HepG2细胞用含10%新生小牛血清的RPMI-1640培养基在37℃和5%CO2条件下培养,比较了霍山石斛、铁皮石斛、金钗石斛和马鞭石斛水提物对HelaS3和HepG2细胞的体外抑制作用。[结果]4种石斛水提物对HelaS3细胞和HepG2细胞均有不同程度的抑制作用,且在所选浓度范围内对剂量和时间有依赖性。4种石斛水提物对HelaS3细胞的IC50分别是11.63、17.71、15.11和5.89 mg/ml;对HepG2细胞的IC50分别是10.40、22.95、3.80和17.76 mg/ml。显微观察显示,处理组的活细胞多呈红色,核呈固缩状或圆珠状,有明显的染色质凝集和细胞凋亡特征。[结论]剂量效应分析表明,对HelaS3细胞而言,马鞭石斛水提物抑瘤效果较好;对HepG2细胞而言,金钗石斛水提物抑瘤效果较好。