德国及蒙古沙棘品种无性系生物学和观赏性价值评估

沙棘由于其有丰富的内含物和多方面的用途正被作为＂新兴水果＂而赢得了人们越来越多的重视和喜爱.通过在柏林Baumschulenweg的育种工作,到目前为止,已经育成不同成熟期的5个雌性和4个雄性沙棘品种.更多的由欧洲和蒙古原生种产生的杂交选育工作仍在进行中.将这些无性系按照其生物学和果实性状进行评估.就单个性状来讲,各品种之间的差异非常大（比如维生素的含量在17～340mg/100g之间变动,胡萝卜素的变动范围为6.5～23.8mg/100g）.这表明,进一步的育种改良完全有可能.所有用于比较的沙棘品种由在德累斯顿Pillnitz进行的育种工作获得,这些品种将被进一步研究.为了保险起见,以及为了解决后来有可能产生的育种及植物病理学方面的问题,必须尽可能保存现有的所有的某一品种的基因多样性.为此目的,由国家资助扶持的基因库的建立是很有必要的.     

南方稻区迟熟中籼品种主要经济性状遗传参数估计

应用方差和协方差分析方法对1989年南方区试中籼迟熟组的8个品种的13个性状进行了遗传参数估计,结果表明,参试品种的着粒密度、有效穗和千粒重的遗传基础较丰富,抽穗日数和小区产量的遗传差异则较小;千粒重、着粒密度、穗长和抽穗日数的广义遗传率较高,日产量和小区产量则较低,结实率的遗传变异系数和广义遗传率最低;产量与着粒数的相关较微弱,与有效穗,着粒密度等性状的遗传相关显著,与每穗实粒数、结实率和千粒重的环境相关值较大,有效穗、着粒数和千粒重三个产量构成因素两两之间的三种相关值均为负值,其遗传相关达显著或极显著标准;同一遗传型在不同环境条件中,穗粒数和有效穗与产量的关系较大。     

不同前茬作物对攀枝花植烟区烤烟生长及土壤养分的影响

为探索适宜烤烟生长的前茬作物,完善烤烟的种植制度,以烤烟连作为对照,研究了玉米(T1)、豆类/蔬菜(T2)和土豆(T3)三种前茬作物对烤烟成熟期农艺性状、根系发育、生物量和土壤养分含量的影响。结果表明,所有农艺性状指标中数值最高的是均为T2 处理,根深度和水平根宽度由高到低的处理顺序为T2＞T3＞T1＞CK,根、茎、叶干物质重从高到低的处理顺序也为T2＞T3＞T1＞CK；土壤养分中pH值、有机质含量、碱解氮含量从高到低的处理顺序为T2＞T1＞T3＞CK。综上,适宜烤烟生长的前茬作物为豆类/蔬菜,其次为土豆。     

钙蛋白酶3(CAPN3)基因多态性与牛胴体性状的关联分析

为了探讨钙蛋白酶3(Calpain3,CAPN3)基因作为影响牛肉质性状候选基因的可能性,寻找与牛肉质性状相关的分子标记,对CAPN3基因的5′端区域进行SNPs检测,分析不同基因型在不同品种或者组合群体间的分布规律。利用测序和PCR-RFLP的方法进行SNPs检测和基因型分析,计算等位基因频率、各位点多态信息含量。结果发现,2546位处发生点突变C→T。各位点的3种基因型与牛生产性状的最小二乘分析结果表明,AB与BB基因型个体在胴体质量指标上存在显著差异(P0.05)。初步推断CAPN3基因可能是影响牛肉质性状潜在的主效基因或与主效基因连锁,并且这个位点具有成为分子标记的潜在可能。     

桉树无性系主要性状差异分析与评价

对12个桉树无性系进行了生长、分枝、通直度、树皮厚度及抗风性进行研究,表明无性系间的性状指标均达到极显著或显著差异,E11和E7号无性系的单株材积分列第1、2位并显著高于其它10个参试无性系;用聚类分析方法将12个参试无性系分成6类,可根据实际情况需要进行选择.以产量、形质指标为选择目标,可选择E7、E11、E2、E8、E3号5个无性系;以抗风性强作为首选指标,则可选择抗风性强、产量中等至较好、形质中等的E12、E5、E1、E10、E6号无性系.     

萝卜肉质根膨大过程中主要农艺学性状的变化

以不同皮色、肉质色萝卜为试材，采用常规方法对肉质根膨大过程中的主要农艺学性状进行了系统测定。结果表明，萝卜生长过程中，地上部与地下部的生长同步进行，地上部的生长状况，影响肉质根的膨大，进而影响产量；育种过程中，选择根重／叶重比值大的品种有利于提高产量和品质。     

Response of Maize and Cowpea Grown Sequentially to Application of Phosphate Rock in the Humid Tropics

Field trials were conducted at the Institute of Agricultural Research and Training Ibadan in 2000 and 2001 cropping seasons to evaluate the efficiency of some phosphorus (P) sources, rates, and frequency of application on grain yields of maize and cowpea grown sequentially. The experiment was laid out in a split–split plot arrangement using randomized complete block design, with three replications. The main plot was frequency of fertilizer application (seasonal and annual). Source of P [single superphosphate (SSP: 18% P₂O₅)]; Ogun rock phosphate (OPR: 20.21% P₂O₅), and crystallizer super (CS: 31.4% P₂O₅) constituted the subplots. The P rates (0, 20, 40, and 60 kg P ha^?1) were the sub-subplots. An early maize cropping followed by a late-season cowpea was the sequential cropping, while an early maize followed by a late-season maize was the continuous cropping. The croppings were repeated the second year. Frequency of P application and source of P were significantly different while rates of application were not. Maize and cowpea grain yields from the control treatment were significantly less than yields from P-treated plots. Maize grain yields were slightly greater in plots alternated with cowpea, compared to continuous maize. Relative agronomic efficiency (RAE) values of OPR and CS were 67% and 75%, respectively, in annual application and 140% and 134% in seasonal applications, respectively, in 2000. In 2001, the trend was almost similar to 2000 except that there was a decline in RAE values of cowpea. Each Naira invested in the annual application returned about ?3.12 while about ?2.13 was returned with the seasonal application (?125.00 is the equivalent of USD$1.00). The OPR and CS can serve as alternatives to water-soluble sources such as SSP.     

淹水对烟草理化特性的影响

[目的]研究淹水条件下烟草理化指标的变化。[方法]以云烟85、大乌烟、柳叶子、黄毛毛和达州晾烟5个品种为材料进行淹水处理,之后进行理化指标测定。[结果]随着淹水时间的延长,超氧物歧化酶（SOD）活性和过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性显著增强,脯氨酸（Pro）迅速积累,丙二醛（MDA）含量出现先升高后降低的趋势。[结论]该试验可为烟草在淹水条件下的特性研究提供依据。     

北方甘薯农艺性状与产量的相关性及灰色关联度分析

通过对14个甘薯品种(系)的随机区组试验,分析了其农艺性状与产量的相关性和灰色关联度,结果表明:在相关性分析中,鲜薯产量与干率、淀粉率和病情指数均呈极显著负相关关系,与大中薯率显著正相关,与小薯率显著负相关。薯干产量与分枝数显著负相关,与干率呈显著正相关。淀粉产量与分枝数显著负相关,与干率和淀粉率均呈显著正相关。在关联度分析中,单株茎叶重、大中薯率、单株结薯数、结薯集中性、茎粗和整齐度对鲜薯产量的关联度较高。茎粗、大中薯率、蔓长、单株结薯数、淀粉率和干率对薯干产量的关联度较高。而淀粉率、干率、蔓长、茎粗、单株茎叶重和单株结薯数对淀粉产量的关联度较高。因此,北方甘薯在高产栽培和品种选育方面,应该选择茎基部粗、蔓长较短、分枝数较少、薯块大小均匀、数量适中和大中薯率较高的品种。     

Contributing traits for nitrogen use efficiency in selected wheat genotypes and corollary between screening methodologies

ABSTRACT

Nitrogen uptake being part of nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) is largely decided by root traits. Root traits variability has hardly been explored by breeders mainly because of difficulties in scoring. The hydroponic system requiring lesser space for precise phenotyping of large numbers of genotypes independently of the growing season can be a suitable alternative. However, the effectiveness of hydroponic screening methods needs to be verified under the soil condition of the field or pot. In the present study, root traits and NUE were investigated in 19 genotypes under two conditions (hydroponic and pipe filled with soil). Both environments revealed large variability for root traits and NUE under high and low N conditions establishing the absence of any direct selection for these traits in the past. Under both sets of experimentation, NUpE was largely responsible for improved nitrogen efficiency mainly because of higher root biomass. The significant association between the two screening methods i.e. hydroponic and pot filled with soil under both low and high N condition support large scale screening for root traits under hydroponic condition.