Do labour productivity and preferences about work load distribution affect reproduction management and performance in pig farms

Increases in labour productivity are essential factors, as well as technical effectiveness, for the competitiveness of pig farming. However, the preferences of farmers for controlled (i.e. limited) daily working hours or available days for vacation also increase. The objective of this study was to explore how these preferences about work might be associated to specific combinations of practices or affect performance. The study was carried out by direct investigation of the stockbreeders. Data analysis used factorial analysis to identify relationships between practices, labour productivity, sow productivity and work load distribution. Results showed independence between sow productivity and labour productivity. Three independent types of preferences about work load distribution were identified: the limitation of density of daily work, the avoidance of insemination activities during the weekend and the avoidance of farrowing supervision during the weekend. These preferences about work load distribution were mainly related to weaning, oestrus detection and insemination techniques. A relationship was also seen between farrowing and cross-fostering techniques, and labour and sow productivity. Results suggest that preferences about work load distribution influence the choice of reproduction practices without influencing performance. Finally, concerning the labour productivity, it was linked with some specific techniques at farrowing but the results also indicated that it was mainly related to the size of farrowing batches.     

A novel clinical scoring system for outcome prediction in dogs with acute kidney injury managed by hemodialysis

BACKGROUND: No reliable tool to predict outcome of acute kidney injury (AKI) exists. HYPOTHESIS: A statistically derived scoring system can accurately predict outcome in dogs with AKI managed with hemodialysis. ANIMALS: One hundred and eighty-two client-owned dogs with AKI. METHODS: Logistic regression analyses were performed initially on clinical variables available on the 1st day of hospitalization for relevance to outcome. Variables with P< or = .1 were considered for further analyses. Continuous variables outside the reference range were divided into quartiles to yield quartile-specific odds ratios (ORs) for survival. Models were developed by incorporating weighting factors assigned to each quartile based on the OR, using either the integer value of the OR (Model A) or the exact OR (Models B or C, when the etiology was known). A predictive score for each model was calculated for each dog by summing all weighting factors. In Model D, actual values for continuous variables were used in a logistic regression model. Receiver-operating curve analyses were performed to assess sensitivities, specificities, and optimal cutoff points for all models. RESULTS: Higher scores were associated with decreased probability of survival (P < .001). Models A, B, C, and D correctly classified outcomes in 81, 83, 87, and 76% of cases, respectively, and optimal sensitivities/specificities were 77/85, 81/85, 83/90 and 92/61%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The models allowed outcome prediction that corresponded with actual outcome in our cohort. However, each model should be validated further in independent cohorts. The models may also be useful to assess AKI severity.     

几株乳酸杆菌耐逆性的比较研究

试验主要比较研究了6株乳酸杆菌对热(55℃和65℃)、酸(pH值1.0、2.0和3.0)、胆盐(0.1%和0.3%)、微量元素铜(0、10、50和250mg/L)和锌(0、120、600和3 000mg/L)的耐受性。结果表明:各菌株对这些因子的耐受性有不同程度的差异,如菌株LGG增殖速度、产酸性、耐酸性和耐温度55℃的能力都较其他菌株好,但该菌株在65℃下存活率极低;菌株ZJ614耐高温能力较强,在65℃处理20min后存活率能达到19.2%,但Cu2+(50 mg/L)对其增殖的不良影响较大;菌株ZJ621虽对酸的耐受性较强,但对胆盐的耐受性较差。经全面考察各菌株对各逆性因子的耐受性,初步推断,菌株ZJ610和ZJ617的综合耐逆性相对较强。     

健全质量管理体系 保证蚕种检验检疫质量

阐述了浙江省蚕种质量检验检疫站质量管理体系的构建与运行实效,对确保全省蚕种质量的作用。     

A novel treatment for dynamic laryngeal collapse associated with poll flexion: the modified checkrein

Reasons for performing the study: Dynamic laryngeal collapse (DLC) associated with poll flexion is a performance limiting dynamic upper airway disorder commonly diagnosed in Coldblooded trotters. An inspiratory obstruction occurs when affected horses are driven with tension on the reins, inducing poll flexion. To date, surgical treatment and conservative management have failed to improve racing performance in affected horses. Objectives: To test the efficacy of an external device, the modified checkrein, in limiting poll flexion, diminishing laryngeal collapse and improving airway mechanics when horses are driven on a treadmill with tension on the reins and test the hypothesis that the modified checkrein will limit poll flexion thereby improving endoscopic appearance of the larynx and reduce airway obstruction in harness racehorses affected with DLC. Methods: Fourteen Norwegian Coldblooded trotter (NCT) racehorses previously diagnosed with DLC associated with poll flexion exercised on a high‐speed treadmill at speeds that resulted in heart rate >200 beats/min. Upper airway videoendoscopy recordings, tracheal pressures and video recordings of the head and neck position were collected while horses exercised with the conventional checkrein on Day 1 and the modified checkrein on Day 2. Results: The modified checkrein successfully limited poll flexion as measured by no change in head position parameters between phases of no rein tension and phases of rein tension. Endoscopic scores were significantly improved (arytenoids cartilage collapse P<0.0001; vocal fold collapse P<0.0001) and tracheal peak inspiratory pressures were significantly less negative (P = 0.0162) when horses were fitted with the modified checkrein compared to the conventional checkrein. Conclusions and potential relevance: The modified checkrein successfully limited poll flexion and also prevented upper airway obstruction in NCT horses affected with DLC associated with poll flexion. The modified checkrein seems promising in offering a method of conservative management in harness racehorses affected with this disorder.     

论野火的三属性

野火泛指发生于野外植被中的火、归纳发现有３个基本属性,自然性,灾害性和工具性,对这３个属性进行明确的定义和认识,有助于理解野火的意义,为研究和生产奠定科学系统的理论基础。自然属性一是指其自然存在、二是指其对自然界有影响,三是指其他受其他自然因子制约。灾是自然界不可控事件造成的超越一定程度界线的损失。灾害属性即经济属性。每一次火都造成巨大的经济损失,包括林资源和草资源预防和扑救开始。工具是指可以拿来     

A RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS OF 140 DOGS WITH ORAL MELANOMA TREATED WITH EXTERNAL BEAM RADIATION

Despite the early notion that canine oral malignant melanoma is radioresistant, recent data suggest that external beam radiotherapy is effective in local tumor control. However, optimal fractionation schedules have not been established. The high rate of regional and distant metastasis is another problem that has hindered long-term control. The role of chemotherapy in the management of canine oral melanoma has also not been determined. In this study, data from 140 dogs irradiated at North Carolina State University were evaluated with the following objectives: (1) to compare the efficacy of three radiation therapy protocols (36 Gy, 9 Gy x 4 fractions; 30 Gy, 10 Gy x 3 fractions; or >45 Gy, 2-4 Gy x 12-19 fractions) for the treatment of dogs with oral malignant melanoma, (2) to identify any host or tumor factors influencing prognosis, and (3) to determine the impact of systemic chemotherapy on treatment outcome. Information regarding response to therapy, disease progression, and survival were determined from the medical records or from information obtained by telephone or mail survey. Relationships between host, tumor, and treatment variables and outcome measures (response, time to first event, and survival) were evaluated using Fisher's exact test (response) and the Cox regression model (time to first event and survival). The median time to first event for the 140 dogs was 5.0 months (95% C.I., 4-6 months) and the median survival was 7.0 months (95% C.I., 6-9 months). In the univariate analysis, the following variables were associated with increased time to first event and survival: (1) rostral tumor sublocation; (2) lack of bone lysis observed on skull imaging, and (3) microscopic tumor burden. In a multivariate analysis of 111 dogs with complete data for these variables, tumor sublocation, bone lysis, and tumor volume were identified as joint predictors of time to first event (p < .001, p < .001, and p = .04, respectively) and survival (p < .001, p < .001, and p = .05, respectively). There were no differences in response, time to first event and survival between the three radiation therapy protocols used. Systemic chemotherapy had no impact on the development of metastatic disease, time to first event, or survival, although the dosages used in this study were suboptimal. External beam radiation therapy is effective in local disease control of canine oral malignant melanoma; however, the optimal fractionation scheme has yet to be determined. The high metastatic rate observed with this disease and the inefficacy of systemic chemotherapy indicate that further investigation into novel therapies is warranted.     

21个粮饲兼用型青贮玉米在河南的品种比较试验

为选出适合河南地区种植的青贮玉米品种,采用随机法对21个玉米品种(每个玉米品种5个重复)进行分区组种植,以研究其生物学产量、籽粒产量、抗倒伏性和品质,及其各农艺性状的相关关系。结果表明:1)以京科青贮932、伟科106的生物学产量和籽粒产量最高,且具有良好的抗倒伏性能。2)伟科106、京科青贮932有较高的粗蛋白、粗脂肪和淀粉含量,而中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)的含量较低,品质较优。3)生物学产量与绿叶数、绿叶重、株高、茎粗和茎重、穗重呈极显著正相关,籽粒产量与绿叶数、绿叶重、茎粗和茎重、穗重呈极显著正相关,生物学产量与籽粒产量也呈极显著正相关。因此,选用绿叶多和绿叶重、茎重和茎粗、穗部产量均优且有一定植株高度的品种有利于获得高产;粗蛋白与粗脂肪、淀粉含量呈正相关。从生物学产量、籽粒产量、品质、抗倒伏性能和农艺性状方面综合考虑,京科青贮932和伟科106表现最佳,适宜作为全株青贮玉米品种和粮饲兼用品种在河南地区推广种植。     

不同播期夏播小豆产量性能动态指标与光温水效应

为探讨光、温、水等气象因子对夏播小豆产量的影响,达到合理利用气象资源、进一步挖掘小豆增产潜力的目的,以中晚熟小豆品种花小豆(V1)和中早熟品系德红5261(V2)为材料,设T1(6月17日)、T2(6月22日)、T3(6月27日)、T4(7月2日)和T5(7月7日)5个播期,形成不同的光、温、水生长环境,对夏播小豆产量...