Meropenem as an Alternative Antibiotic Agent for Suppression of Agrobacterium in Genetic Transformation of Orchid

A case of Meropenem as a novel antibacterial agent to suppress and eliminate Agrobacterium tumefaciens in the Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of orchid protocorm-like bodies （PLBs） has been reported in this article. The in vitro activities of meropenem and four comparator antibacterial agents against three Agrobacterium tumefaciens strains, LBA4404, EHA101, and GV3101, were assessed. In addition, the effect of meropenem on the growth of Dendrobium phalaenopsis PLBs was determined. Compared with other commonly used antibiotics （including ampicillin, carbenicillin, cefotaxime, and cefoperazone）, meropenem showed the highest activity in suppressing all tested A. tumefaciens strains （minimum inhibitory concentration [MIC] 〈 0.5 mg L^-1, which is equal to minimum bactericidal concentration [MBC]）. Meropenem, at all tested concentrations, except for 10 mg L^-1 concentration, had little negative effect on the growth of orchid tissues. The A. tumefaciens strain EHA101 in genetic transformation with vector plG121Hm in infected PLBs of the orchid was visually undetectable after a two-month subculture in 1/2 MS medium with 50 mg L^-1 meropenem and 25 mg L^-1 hygromacin. The expression and incorporation of the transgenes were confirmed by GUS histochemical assay and PCR analysis. Meropenem may be an alternative antibiotic for the effective suppression of A. tumefaciens in genetic transformation.     

农杆菌介导gag基因和gp120基因转化番茄的初步研究

以4个番茄品种为材料，通过对子叶和茎段培养，建立了番茄组织培养的再生体系，为番茄的遗传转化提供了良好的受体系统；通过农杆菌介导，初步将HIV—l的gag基因、apl20基因和gag-apl20嵌合基因导入番茄，得到了抗性转化再生植株，再生植株PCR检测结果呈阳性，从而建立了良好的番茄遗传转化体系。     

根癌农杆菌介导FPF1基因转化菊花的研究

经过转化材料的筛选、KM筛选浓度、Cef抗菌浓度以及延迟筛选时间的测定,以根癌农杆菌（Agrobactriumtumefaciens）LBA4404菌株介导FPF1基因转化菊花,对转化材料进行连续KM筛选,获得105株抗性苗,部分植株经PCR检测呈阳性.田间观察部分抗性株与对照相比在株型、叶色及花期上表现出差异.     

樱桃砧木根癌病敏感性评价方法

建立了樱桃砧木对农杆菌敏感性的评价方法,在5种樱桃砧木,对樱桃(Prunus.pseudocerasus)、CAB(P.cerasus)、Gisela5、Gisela6(P.cerasus×P.canescens)、colt(P.avium×P.pseudocerasus)的组培苗茎上接种野生型农杆菌(C58),40d后调查结瘤百分率和瘤重,基于结瘤百分率和病情指数评价了供试材料的敏感性,结果表明:该方法能反映不同砧木的抗性水平,可作为樱桃砧木根癌病敏感性评价、筛选抗性种质的一种有效的方法。     

土壤农杆菌介导的转GST基因拟南芥的选育

将耐盐相关基因盐地碱蓬谷胱甘肽转移酶基因(Glutathione s—transferase，GST)克隆到表达栽体pROKⅡ中以构建植物表达栽体pGST，直接转化法转化土壤农杆菌，PCR验证后的阳性土壤农杆菌利用花序浸泡法转化拟南芥．转化子通过含有卡那霉素的培养基初步筛选，用PCR方法进一步验证外源基因插入到拟南芥基因组中．通过几代选育得到了稳定遗传的转基因拟南芥纯合品系．     

Regular Production of Transgenic Wheat Mediated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens

Wheat is the number one crop both in acreage and total yield in the world. Therefore, it is very important to improve wheat by gene engineering techniques even though it belongs to the plants insensitive to gene transformation, especially to Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Wheat immature embryos of 1.0-1.5mm in size, C58c1 of Agrobacterium strain harboring pPTN249, pPTN270, pPTN254, and pSIS-GFP respectively (all the vectors contain the aphA selectable gene driven by enhanced 35S promoter and a target gene controlled by ubi promoter or E35S promoter), AB medium for Agrobacterium activate culture, WCC medium for co-culture, were used in this study. The embryos with 4 days of pre-culture were transferred onto selection medium with 10mg/L geneticin, 50mg/L ticarcillin, 50mg/L vancomycin, and 50mg/L cefotaxine after 30 minutes of infection and 2 days of co-cultivation with Agrobacterium. Followed callus production,shoot regeneration on selection medium, 114 resistant plantlets were obtained from 10 transformation experiments of four genotypes. By nptⅡ ELISA (nptⅡ enzyme assay), PCR, Southern blot and leaf bleach,29 positive plants were identified from two genotypes of Bobwhite and Yanglmai 10, with an average transformation efficiency of 0.82 %. The result tested by Southern blot also showed that the transgenic plants with single- copy integration of target gene took 65.52% among total positive plants. The ELISA value of transgenic plant was also related to the copies of alien DNA integrating into wheat chromosomes, the transgenic plants with single copy integration giving higher ELISA value than the ones with 2 or 3 copies integration.     

根癌农杆菌介导的枇杷花药胚状体遗传转化中抗生素种类和浓度的研究

研究了安必西林、噻孢霉素和硫酸庆大霉素对根癌农杆菌EHA52的抑制效果以及对枇杷胚状体生长的影响。结果表明:安必西林、噻孢霉素浓度高于500 mg/L、硫酸庆大霉素浓度高于300 mg/L时,对农杆菌EHA52均有较好的抑制效果。但是,硫酸庆大霉素对枇杷胚状体的生长有很强的抑制效果。安必西林的浓度在800 mg/L时为最佳浓度。     

白肋烟转基因育种研究

利用农杆菌介导法将具有广谱抗病的葡萄糖氧化酶(Glucose Oxidase,GO)基因及抗虫半夏凝集素(Pinella Ternata Agglutinin,PTA)基因转化到烟草中,并研究了影响转化和抗性植株再生的一些因素。结果表明,基因型是影响转化和抗性植株再生的关键因素,试验所用的3个品种KY14、KY8959、TN90中,KY14转化效率最高。用于烟草转化的侵染时间以15min为宜,共培养时间以2d最佳。PCR分子检测表明,外源GO基因及PTA基因已转入到烟草KY14中。淀粉-碘化钾显色反应检测到了转基因植株产生的过氧化氢,证实GO基因已经在烟草中发挥功能。     

提高马铃薯遗传转化体系再生频率的研究

为提高马铃薯遗传转化体系的再生频率,改进了受体薯片的消毒方法,解决了外植体易污染问题,使污染率几乎降低为零;共浸染时加入适量的乙酰丁香酮可以提高再生频率;适当降低芽分化培养基的激素水平,在外植体分化正常的情况下,节省了在激素上的资金投入;不同品种马铃薯片转化后的植株再生情况不同,津引薯8号微型薯出苗量大,而S1微型薯首批苗更好。综合以上改进措施,使再生频率由29%提高到60%。     

农杆菌介导葡萄糖氧化酶基因转化油菜

以甘蓝型油菜带柄子叶为转化受体材料,采用农杆菌介导法进行葡萄糖氧化酶(Glucose oxidase,GO)基因的转化,经卡那霉素抗性筛选获得大量的不定芽.PCR检测结果显示其中22株呈阳性.淀粉-KI染色结果表明在转基因植株中检测到H2O2.在转基因植株×非转基因植株(F1代)中,卡那霉素抗性筛选显示86%的株系呈现典型的孟德尔单基因显性遗传.F1代盛花期茎秆菌核病活体接种结果证实,转基因植株后代菌核病抗性明显提高.证实GO基因已转入油菜植株中并得到有效表达.