微卫星标记BM3413和OB_2在5个绵羊群体中多态性的研究

选萨福克羊、德国美利奴羊、特克塞尔羊、乌珠穆沁羊以及右玉本地绵羊5个绵羊群体共250只,通过耳组织提取基因组DNA,用2对微卫星引物进行PCR扩增,通过电泳分型、凝胶成像系统分析各位点等位基因及全部个体的标记基因型,计算基因频率、多态信息含量(PIC)和杂合度等,从分子水平上分析5个绵羊品种的遗传多态性.结果表明:BM3413和OB2这2个位点的等位基因数分别为7和8,多态信息含量PIC＞0.5,杂合度为0.827 1～0.846 7,均属于高度多态性位点,用于作为与生产性能相关的遗传标记是较理想的.     

Emerging viral zoonoses: frameworks for spatial and spatiotemporal risk assessment and resource planning

Spatial epidemiological tools are increasingly being applied to emerging viral zoonoses (EVZ), partly because of improving analytical methods and technologies for data capture and management, and partly because the demand is growing for more objective ways of allocating limited resources in the face of the emerging threat posed by these diseases. This review documents applications of geographical information systems (GIS), remote sensing (RS) and spatially-explicit statistical and mathematical models to epidemiological studies of EVZ.Landscape epidemiology uses statistical associations between environmental variables and diseases to study and predict their spatial distributions. Phylogeography augments epidemiological knowledge by studying the evolution of viral genetics through space and time. Cluster detection and early warning systems assist surveillance and can permit timely interventions. Advanced statistical models can accommodate spatial dependence present in epidemiological datasets and can permit assessment of uncertainties in disease data and predictions. Mathematical models are particularly useful for testing and comparing alternative control strategies, whereas spatial decision-support systems integrate a variety of spatial epidemiological tools to facilitate widespread dissemination and interpretation of disease data. Improved spatial data collection systems and greater practical application of spatial epidemiological tools should be applied in real-world scenarios.     

Evaluation of Patients with Community‐Acquired Pneumonia Caused by Zoonotic Pathogens in an Area with a High Density of Animal Farms

Intensive animal farming could potentially lead to outbreaks of infectious diseases. Clinicians are at the forefront of detecting unusual diseases, but the lack of specificity of zoonotic disease symptoms makes this a challenging task. We evaluated patients with community‐acquired pneumonia (CAP) with known and unknown aetiology in an area with a high livestock density and a potential association with animal farms in the proximity. Between 2008 and 2009, a period coinciding with a large Q fever outbreak in the Netherlands, patients with CAP were tested for the presence of possible respiratory pathogens. The presence and number of farm animals within 1 km of the patients' home address were assessed using geographic information system (GIS) and were compared between cases and age‐matched control subjects. Of 408 patients with CAP, pathogens were detected in 275 (67.4%) patients. The presence of sheep and the number of goats were associated with CAP caused by Coxiella burnetii in a multiple logistic regression model (P < 0.05). CAP with unknown aetiology was not associated with the presence of animal farms (P > 0.10). The use of GIS in combination with aetiology of CAP could be potentially used to target diagnostics and to identify outbreaks of rare zoonotic disease.     

张掖市生态循环农业与经济发展模式

本文立足张掖市生态优势,着眼循环农业发展,总结了张掖市发展生态循环农业的生态整合、减量化生产、生态链连接与转换、产业纵向拉长、产业横向延伸及庭院微循环等模式。分析表明,认识创新是发展生态循环农业的前提条件,理清基本思路是发展生态循环农业的关键所在,政府推动是发展生态循环农业的重要基础,市场化运作是发展生态循环农业的重要途径,科技创新是发展生态循环农业的核心手段,政策法规是发展循环经济型生态农业的重要保证。     

山东省部分地区水貂养殖场户貂源冠状病毒和新型冠状病毒认知调查及病原检测

国外水貂感染新型冠状病毒(SARS-CoV-2)遭扑杀事件引起了国内水貂养殖业关注。为了解SARS?CoV-2对山东省水貂养殖场户的影响,通过问卷调查方法了解水貂养殖场户对貂源冠状病毒和SARS-CoV-2的认知情况,同时采集样本应用双重荧光定量PCR方法进行核酸检测,确定水貂中两种病毒的感染状况。结果显示:47.83%的养殖场户对国外水貂感染SARS-CoV-2被扑杀事件有所了解,36.23%的养殖场户认为该事件会对水貂养殖业带来影响,其中10.14%的养殖场户对水貂进行过SARS-CoV-2核酸检测;84.06%的养殖场户认为貂源冠状病毒不会感染人,57.49%认为国外水貂感染SARS-CoV-2的主要途径是通过养殖场其他动物(如犬猫等)感染,仅0.97%认为貂源冠状病毒与SARS-CoV-2存在一定关系,更多的(52.17%)是不清楚;310份样品的双重荧光定量PCR检测结果均为阴性。结果表明,山东省水貂养殖场户普遍意识到貂源冠状病毒与SARS?CoV-2相关性很小,其对水貂养殖业影响不大。但部分养殖场户对这两种病毒及其对水貂养殖业的潜在威胁尚缺乏足够认知,因此需要加强对养殖场户的认知宣传和病毒监测。     

内蒙古农牧业自然灾害问题探讨

目前，自然灾害已成为制约我区农牧业稳定持续发展的一大障碍。本文对其定义、类型及危害进行研究，然后总结多年来我区防灾抗灾的成就。在此基础上，提出今后防灾减灾的思路。     

基因芯片及应用

基因芯片是基于核酸分子杂交原理，利用光导原位化学合成或液相合成自动化点样技术，将大量的寡核苷酸探针固定于玻片，硅片、尼龙膜等固相支持物上，与荧光或同位素标记的样品核酸杂交，通过计算机系统检测与分析，获得有关的生物信息，它广泛应用于人类基因组研究，现代医学研究，动植物研究和环境保护等方面。     

退化高寒草甸斑块根—土复合体特征研究

高寒草甸斑块的根-土复合体对局部水土流失过程具有调控作用,为研究其特征及抗侵蚀效应,本研究选取三江源区达日县境内典型中度退化草甸的植被斑块为研究对象,调查草甸斑块中心与边缘植物群落特征,测定斑块边缘0～10 cm土层和斑块中心0～20 cm土层的容重、含水率、毛管孔隙度等土壤物理性质,并开展单根拉伸和根-土复合体直剪试验。结果表明：受优势种矮嵩草的分布影响,地上生物量主要分布在斑块中心,根系主要分布在0～10 cm土层;斑块中心区域土壤抗剪强度、内摩擦角和粘聚力均随土层深度的增加而减小;斑块边缘区域土壤粘聚力,抗剪强度明显高于斑块中心区域,草甸斑块植物根系是土壤抗剪强度的主要影响因素。草甸斑块根-土复合体能明显增加退化草甸土壤的抗侵蚀能力,研究结果可为深入研究高寒草甸根系固土功能及水土流失调控提供科学依据。     

信息素质教育是军队院校教育的关键环节

通过分析信息素质教育的重要意义,提出信息素质教育是军队院校创新发展新的生长点,是培养高素质新型军事人才的关节点。从巩固党的执政地位、保证重要战略机遇期安全、支撑国家利益拓展、促进世界和平发展等方面阐述信息素质教育是履行新世纪新阶段历史使命的支撑点。     

数字乡村发展的实践与探索——基于北京的调研

研究旨在通过分析北京市数字乡村建设实践,发现存在问题,找出推进路径,为数字乡村发展提供可借鉴经验.利用文献分析、典型案例和专家咨询法,探讨数字乡村发展理论与实践.数字化是现代农业4.0阶段的关键特征,数字经济是农业农村高质量发展的新引擎、新动能.北京是数字乡村发展的先行者,为北京乡村振兴和农业现代化建设打下了坚实基础....