加入世贸组织与中国农业发展

介绍了WTO的农业协议,中国农业的现状,“入世”后对中国农业的可能影响,在此基础上提出了加入WTO后,中国农业良性发展的对策和建议。     

论坝上半干旱区农业抗逆稳产的技术途径与对策

通过对冀西北坝上半干旱区农业生产基本条件的分析,阐明了该区障碍农业发展的主要因素,提出了该区增强与促进农业抗逆稳产、实现农牧业持续发展的指导思想及7项技术措施。     

现代农业发展中的农户行为研究

农户是我国当前农业生产经营的主体经济组织,其行为特征很大程度中代表了农业现代化发展水平.农户行为对现代农业发展的影响包括:农户的认可或接受意愿决定了农业政策能否落实,农户的决策及投入行为决定了农业结构调整和农业科技进步,农户的认识和经营模式决定了农业生态状况.农户行为研究一般按照"确定研究主题、划定调查对象、收集农户信息、分析资料数据"的步骤和方法依次展开.由于农户决策对农业发展的重要性,农业行为特征的特殊性,因此为推动现代农业发展,要对农户行为开展深入分析和进行正确引导.     

A journey in and out of American agriculture. Reflections on Debt and Dispossession by Kathryn Marie Dudley (University of Chicago Press, 2000)

I was optimistic of a new beginning in an open society when I came to America in 1999. Since then, I have indeed benefited from many aspects of American life. I have learned a lot – especially through my experience with small farms and farmers. But now, it's time to move on. And it was reading Debt and Dispossession, a book about American agriculture and human values, that crystallized in me why I wanted to leave. By telling the story of the 1980s farm crisis through the words of the residents of a Minnesota town, the book prizes open many of the contradictions of American society. The 1970s were boom times for mid-western farms; farmers took advantage of easy farm credit to finance expansion. By the 1980s, the boom burst and slump loomed. Lenders wanted their money back and thousands of farmers were dispossessed. Debt and Dispossession probes beneath the surface of a community apparently united in protest against the dispossessions. Underneath, it finds a tangled picture of a society at war with itself, pitting farmer against farmer in a fratricidal struggle. The book let me glimpse the paradox of American individualism, all-American contradictions centering on government and consumerism, frugality and morality. Just like my experience of American agriculture and farmers as a whole, Debt and Dispossession helped me see the best side of America, but also revealed the fragility of life in a one-on-one society.     

An investigation into the transition from technological to ecological rice farming among resource poor farmers from the Philippine island of Bohol

A conceptual framework influenced bythe concept of moral ecology is developed andused to analyze the transition fromtechnological (green revolution) to ecological(organic) rice farming by resource poor farmersfrom the Philippine island of Bohol. This MoralEcology Framework (MEF) focuses on theepistemology of the two farming systems and howthis influences management principles andpractice. The orienting concepts of systemic understanding, exchange betweensociety and the environment, local versusextra-local exchange and scope areintegral to this analysis. The case studydemonstrates how the ostracism of nature underthe green revolution coupled with itsinflexible production options affected thesustainability of some local rice farmingsystems. Whereas the transition to organicfarming and the concomitant incorporation ofecological processes and more flexibleproduction options has allowed local farmers toenhance the sustainability of their farmingsystems by altering the exchange processeswithin the socio-ecological system.     

Creating space for sustainable food systems: Lessons from the field

In response to growing trendsin the current food system toward globalintegration, economic consolidation, andenvironmental degradation, communities haveinitiated alternative, more sustainable foodand agricultural systems. Lessons may now belearned about the development and maintenanceof local, sustainable food systems projects –those that attempt to integrate theenvironmental, economic, and social health oftheir food systems in particular places. Fourkinds of space need to be created and protected– social space, political space, intellectualspace, and economic space. Three importantthemes emerge from these community spaces:public participation, new partnerships, and acommitment to social, economic, andenvironmental justice principles.     

The illusion of control: industrialized agriculture,nature, and food safety

I explore the role of nature in the agrifood system and how attempts to fit food production into a large-scale manufacturing model has lead to widespread outbreaks of food borne illness. I illustrate how industrial processing of leafy greens is related to the outbreak of E. coli 0157:H7 associated with spinach in the fall of 2006. I also use this example to show how industry attempts to create the illusion of control while failing to address weaknesses in current processing systems. The leafy greens industry has focused efforts on sterilizing the growing environment and adopting new technologies, while neglecting to change the concentrated structure of processing systems. Repeated breakdowns in these systems illustrate a widening fault line between attempted and failed control of nature in industrial food production.

加强合作与创新 为建设现代农业提供科技支撑

改革开放以来中国农业取得了巨大成就，科技进步发挥了极为重要的作用。进入新时期以后，农业发展面临人多地少、人均资源量少、地区经济发展不平衡、农业资源退化和生态环境恶化加重等一系列问题，必须大力加强农业科研单位合作与创新，推进农业自主科技创新，为建设新农村和加快建设现代农业提供科技支撑。     

基于3S技术的精准农业

简述了精准农业概念的形成及基本含义,重点讲述了精准农业的主要支持技术“3S”技术以及系统集成技术在我国的应用,并分析了我国精准农业的发展趋势,提出几点看法。     

Farm and Operator Characteristics Affecting the Awareness and Adoption of Precision Agriculture Technologies in the US

Precision agriculture (PA) technologies have been commercially available since the early 1990s. However, not only has the pace of adoption in the US been relatively modest but a surprisingly large number of producers are not familiar with these technologies. Using farm level survey data, this study quantifies the role that awareness plays in the decision to adopt PA technology and allows us to explore the potential for public or private information programs to affect the diffusion of PA. PA adoption and awareness are modeled as jointly determined dichotomous variables and their determinants are estimated using a two-stage (i.e. instrumental variable) logistic specification. The first-stage logit model indicated that operator education and computer literacy, full-time farming, and farm size positively affected the probability of PA awareness while the effect of age was negative. Grain and oilseed farms (i.e. corn, soybean, and small grains) and specialty crop farms (i.e. fruits, vegetables, and nuts) as well as farms located in the Heartland and Northern Great Plains regions were most likely to be aware of PA technologies. The second-stage PA adoption logit model, which included an instrumental variable to account for the endogeneity of awareness, revealed that farm size, full-time farming, and computer literacy positively influenced the likelihood of PA adoption. Grain and oilseed farms were the most likely types of farms to adopt PA as were farms in the Heartland region. Awareness, as defined in this study, was not found to be limiting the adoption of PA, suggesting that farmers for whom the technology is profitable are already aware of the technology and that a sector-wide public or private initiative to disseminate PA information would not likely have a major impact on PA diffusion.