SALTIRSOIL: a simulation model for the mid to long‐term prediction of soil salinity in irrigated agriculture

The SALTIRSOIL model predicts soil salinity, sodicity and alkalinity in irrigated land using basic information on soil, climate, crop, irrigation management and water quality. It extends the concept of the WATSUIT model to include irrigation and crop management practices, advances in the calculation of evapotranspiration and new algorithms for the water stress coefficient and calculation of electrical conductivity. SALTIRSOIL calculates the soil water balance and soil solution concentration over the year. A second module, SALSOLCHEM, calculates the inorganic ion composition of the soil solution at equilibrium with soil calcite and gypsum at the soil’s CO₂ partial pressure. Results from comparing predicted and experimentally determined concentrations, observations and predictions of pH, alkalinity and calcium concentration in calcite‐saturated solutions agree to the second significant figure; in gypsum‐saturated solutions the standard difference between observations and predictions is <3% in absolute values. The algorithms in SALTIRSOIL have been verified and SALSOLCHEM validated for the reliable calculation of soil salinity, sodicity and alkalinity at water saturation in well‐drained irrigated lands. In simulations for horticultural crops in southeast Spain, soil solution concentration factors at water saturation, quotients of electrical conductivity (EC₂₅) at saturation to electrical conductivity in the irrigation water, and quotients of sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) are very similar to average measured values for the area.     

Greenhouse gas mitigation potential of agricultural land in Great Britain

The aim of this paper is to assess the greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation potential of croplands and grasslands in Great Britain under different management practices. We consider the feasible land management options for grass and cropland using county level land‐use data with estimates of per‐area mitigation potential for individual and total GHGs, to identify the land management options with the greatest cost‐effective mitigation potential. We show that for grasslands, uncertainties still remain on the mitigation potential because of their climatic sensitivity and also their less intensive management. For croplands in Great Britain, the technical mean GHG mitigation potentials for all cropland management practices range from 17 Mt CO₂‐eq. per 20 yr to 39 Mt CO₂‐eq. per 20 yr. There are significant regional variation in all cases, with the greatest potentials in England, negligible potential in Wales and intermediate potential in Scotland, with country differences largely driven by the areas of cropland and grassland in each country. Practices such as agronomic improvement and nutrient management are the most promising options because of their impact on N₂O emissions and also their larger potential at low cost. In terms of annual emissions from agriculture, calculated mitigation potentials are small, where the technical mitigation potential of agronomy and nutrient management strategies are ca. 4.5 and 3.8%, respectively (agricultural emissions account for ca. 9% or 47.7 Mt CO₂‐eq., of total Great Britain GHG emissions, Department of Energy and Climate Change, UK). However when compared with the land use, land‐use change and forestry sector (LULUCF) emissions, nutrient management would reduce further emission reductions by approximately half of the 2005 LULUCF sink (i.e. ?1.6 Mt CO₂‐eq. per year).     

论网络环境下图书馆采编人员的素质建设

文献采集是图书馆工作的起点,文献采编人员整体素质的高低直接影响到馆藏文献采集的方针、原则、计划和标准的理解能力和文献采集质量的优劣。论述了网络环境下,采编人员应具备的七大能力,分析了目前采编队伍存在的问题,并探讨了加强采编队伍建设的几项措施。     

陆良县农业生产防灾抗灾对策研究

陆良县是一个农业大县，近年来干旱、低温、霜冻、病虫害等农业灾害多发、濒发，对农业生产造成极大的危害和影响。总结该县采取的一些农业生产防灾抗灾做法及取得的成效，分析防灾抗灾中存在的问题，探讨进一步做好防灾减灾的对策措施。     

统筹城乡背景下农机社会化服务的现状与实践—以成渝经济区为例

农机社会化服务是推动农业机械化发展的有效方式,新时期成渝经济区在统筹城乡社会经济发展背景下农机社会化服务正在进行着多元化的实践。为此,通过实证研究,分析了成渝经济区农机社会化服务的现状及作用,探讨了农机社会化服务与统筹城乡发展二者之间双向互动支撑的发展态势。同时,提出了促进成渝经济区农机社会化服务的针对性建议。     

对提高农业院校科技成果转化效率的若干思考

首先分析了现阶段中国农业院校提高农业科技成果转化效率的现实意义,在此基础上以中国H农业大学为例,深入研究了中国农业院校在农业科技成果转化工作中存在的问题,并针对性地提出了解决对策。     

提升农业科研基本建设项目管理水平的建议

中国农业科研基本建设项目的管理工作在农业科研发展中有着十分重要的作用,结合实际工作经验,从三个方面对农业科研基本建设项目管理过程中出现的问题进行了分析,并提出了提升农业科研基本建设项目管理的建议。     

秦皇岛市农业生态旅游经济发展现状探析

分析秦皇岛市农业生态旅游经济的主要特点和效益现状，并与相似城市进行比较；针对秦皇岛市农业生态旅游市场发展中存在的问题，提出农业生态旅游经济发展的思路与对策。     

烟草农业机械引进的研究调查

烟草农业机械化种植是大势所趋,适时引进发达国家先进烟草农业机械是助推烟草农业机械化进程的一个有利途径。文章结合山东近两年在烟草农机方面的实践经验,谈了一些具体的看法和建议。     

基于WSN的油菜生长环境数据采集系统

针对传统作物生长环境数据获取手段实时性差、劳动强度大以及部署微型自动气象站和商用Zigbee产品成本高、开放性较差等问题，设计并实现了一种基于WSN的油菜生长环境数据采集系统。提出了轻量级的能量感知路由协议CLFP，并给出了软硬件的相关设计方法。仿真和大田试验结果表明，系统温度采集精度最高可达0.01 ℃，测湿精度达±5%，光强采集范围为1~65 535 lx，可并发的数据传输达到36路，可满足农业现场环境数据的较高测量要求。在标称电源供电情况下，系统实际有效生存周期超过142 d，由于采用AT89C51和nRF2401作为基础硬件平台，成本低廉，有助于大规模部署和应用。